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Topic: Oliver the chimpanzee

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	Oliver - Is He An Ape?
		A scientific mystery for years, Oliver surfaced in the early 1970s when he was acquired by a man and woman whose dog, chimp, pony and pig acts won them performances on "The Ed Sullivan Show" and a t venues such as New York City's Radio City Music Hall.
		Oliver's blood sample, Ledbetter said, showed 48 chromosomes, proof he was not a human-chimp hybrid.
		Swett, however, believes Oliver may be an ape hybrid, such as a cross between a chimpanzee and a gorilla or a chimpanzee and pygmy chimp.
	ai.stanford.edu /~oli/oliver.html (693 words)

	Oliver's No Gene Genie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Oliver first came to widespread public attention in 1976, when newspapers and magazines worldwide became interested in the strange 'chimpanzee' that New York attorney Michael Miller bought off a travelling animal-act owner called Frank Burger, allegedly for $10,000.
		Moreover, when they sequenced a specific portion (312 bp region) of the D-loop region of Oliver's mitochondrial DNA they discovered that its sequence corresponded very closely indeed with that of the Central African subspecies of common chimpanzee; the closest correspondence of all was with a chimp specimen from Gabon in Central-West Africa.
		As for Oliver's cranial morphology, ear shape, freckles and baldness, these were nothing more than individual variations, well within the range of variability exhibited by the common chimpanzee - a species that presents, in the words of primatologist Professor W.C. Osman Hill: "a bewildering variety of individual variations".
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/120_oliver.shtml (1283 words)

	The Humanzee That Wasn't
		Oliver surfaced in the early 1970s, when he was acquired as a baby by trainers Frank and Janet Burger whose dog, chimp, pony and pig acts were once regularly featured on the Ed Sullivan Show, at Radio City Music Hall, and once even by dancer Gene Kelly.
		Oliver has been in and out of the media spotlight (including Time magazine and several major newspapers) since the early 1970s, as different owners promoted his bipedal locomotion and shaved head as evidence that he was a cryptic, bipedal African man ape.
		Unsubstantiated rumors that cytogeneticists determined Oliver's karyotype to be 2N=47, midway between a human and a chimpanzee, led to further popular suggestions that he was a "sport" or a human-chimp hybrid.
	www.rense.com /general67/oliver.htm (2357 words)

	Oliver - Humanzee
		This is when Oliver was sold to a lawyer whom fancied him, and has lost the sight of the media since the late 1980's.
		Oliver does have 48 chromosomes (24 pairs) the same as a chimpanzee, which was different than a claim made by a earlier scientist in China, whom stated that Oliver had 47, one less than a chimp, and one more than a human.
		Moreover, they sequenced Oliver's mitochondrial DNA and discovered that its sequence corresponded very closely with that of the Central African subspecies of common chimpanzee; the closest correspondence of all was with a chimp specimen from Gabon in Central-West Africa.
	members.tripod.com /world_freedom/id8.html (604 words)

	Reporter OnLine
		Oliver was acquired as a baby in the early 1970s by trainers Frank and Janet Burger.
		Oliver later was owned by a series of West Coast animal trainers who exhibited him as a freak, and put him in television shows and commercials.
		Swett said Oliver could prove to be a hybrid between common and pygmy chimps, a mutant chimp or an entirely new race of chimp.
	www.texnews.com /news/chimp012697.html (955 words)

	Welcome Oliver
		Oliver is unique in many ways, but his real claim to fame is the fact that he is totally deaf, the reason for which no one seems to know for sure.
		Oliver’s mom, Tunuka was born in the wild in 1963 (making her Joe’s age), and now lives at the Louisville Zoo.
		Oliver had been given a valium to help him relax a bit on the journey, but adrenalin is stronger than valium and in a young silverback like Oliver, this isn’t surprising.
	www.gorilla-haven.org /ghwelcomeoliver.htm (3658 words)

	Chimp seems unique, but not a missing link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But whether the easygoing, middle-aged chimpanzee who walks upright and once enjoyed a nightcap while watching TV is an ape hybrid, a mutant or an entirely new species is still unclear.
		A scientific mystery for 25 years, Oliver surfaced in the early 1970s when he was acquired by a man and woman whose dog, chimp, pony and pig acts won them performances on The Ed Sullivan Show and at venues such as New York City's Radio City Music Hall.
		Anthropologists, swayed in part by Oliver's small head, pronounced nose and disdain for using his all-fours also held out the possibility that Oliver was part human.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/metropolitan/97/01/12/oliver.2-0.html (694 words)

	Oliver (chimpanzee) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oliver was acquired as a young animal (around 2 years old: Shuker 1999) in the early 1970s by trainers Frank and Janet Berger; supposedly, the chimpanzee had been caught in the Democratic Republic of Congo (the Zaire).
		Oliver's trip coincided with a concert promotion of the rock 'n roll group The Monkees and he was presented on Japanese television shows with Micky Dolenz providing inaccurate scientific observations.
		Oliver's bipedalism and behavior were most probably due to domestication and animal training, and his head shape was mainly a consequence of his teeth being removed at an early age to prevent biting (Jolly 1976).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oliver_the_chimpanzee (1183 words)

	Boing Boing: Oliver the Humanzee
		Though he was sent to Japan in a normal chimpanzee cage as cargo, Oliver was depicted as flying in the passenger cabin.
		Oliver's trip coincided with a concert promotion of the rock 'n roll group The Monkees and he was presented on Japanese television shows with Micky Dolenz spouting inaccurate scientific observations.
		Some anthropologists observing Oliver's head, nose, ears, and preference for bipedal walking asserted the possibility that the chimp was a hybrid.
	www.boingboing.net /2006/08/21/oliver_the_humanzee.html (408 words)

	evolgen archive: Hooray for Humanzee
		One particularly famous case involves a predominantly bipedal chimp named Oliver who was often referred to as a Humanzee (for human-chimpanzee hybrid).
		Oliver had many behaviors that seemed more human than chimp, leading some people to believe he was either the product of a human-chimp hybridization event or some evolutionary missing link.
		Oliver represents a good piece of evidence for the role of developmental plasticity in anatomical evolution -- one could imagine that his upright stance could have influenced other members of his community, thereby changing the selective pressures on the morphology of the population.
	evolgen.blogspot.com /2005/12/hooray-for-humanzee.html (648 words)

	U.S. v. Oliver
		Oliver is an enrolled member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe and is a practitioner of traditional Sioux faith.
		Oliver has argued a one-man exemption should be made, however, there is nothing so peculiar or special with Oliver's situation which warrants an exception.
		Lastly, Oliver has argued that the government's interest in protecting bald eagles is no longer compelling because the Fish and Wildlife Service proposed to remove bald eagles from the endangered and threatened species list.
	www.animallaw.info /cases/caus255f3d588.htm (477 words)

	Cryptomundo.com
		Oliver toured the world in the 1970’s as a so-called ‘man-ape.’ Claims that he had 47 chromosomes people have 46; apes 48) later proven untrue.
		After she mailed me a photo, I knew it was Oliver and that the story had apparently been embellished by her father.
		yes i agree with you all oliver is a incredible rather looking creature i think he could be either a chimp or a gorilla defiently maybe a possibe hybrid.
	www.cryptomundo.com /bigfoot-report/oliver (2120 words)

	i hate peas… »
		Last night they had this program on Oliver, a chimpanzee who walks upright, and who has strangely human features.
		At first scientists thought he might be a hybrid — a cross between a human and chimpanzee — but genetic testing reveals that Oliver is a chimp, however he has several genes that are much different than most of his chimpanzee bretheren.
		Oliver, having had a varied and sometimes tragic life (he spent 9 years in a research lab in PA), is now safely living out his final years at Primarily Primates, an animal sanctuary in Texas.
	ihatepeas.org /?p=976 (208 words)

	The Austin Chronicle News: Famous Long Ago: Legendary "Humanzee" Oliver, his friends, and the bitter fight over animal ...
		Oliver is a chimpanzee – perhaps the most storied of all the Old World simians to achieve celebrity status.
		It appeared that Oliver and his Buckshire brethren had finally received a reprieve when Wallace Swett, founder of Primarily Primates Inc., the now nearly 30-year-old northwest Bexar Co. animal sanctuary, contacted Buckshire to say that the Leon Springs refuge would be willing to provide permanent retirement for the Buckshire 12.
		And with a little help, she hopes that patience – the kind that Oliver, the "national treasure" has exhibited for nearly 44 years, as he's been shuttled between owners, kept in a cage and forgotten – will ultimately be repaid.
	www.austinchronicle.com /gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:429272 (4744 words)

	memepool.com: Zoology archive
		Because humans and chimpanzees share roughly 99% of their DNA (this number is in question), it is believed by some that these two species can crossbreed.
		In the 70's and 80's, a unique chimpanzee named Oliver was believed to be a humanzee: he preferred to walk completely upright, drink and smoke, had an odd smell that was considered neither human nor chimpanzee, lack of hair on his head and humanlike facial features.
		A recent test shows that he is genetically a chimpanzee, and is either a new subspecies or a random mutation.
	www.memepool.com /Subject/Zoology (930 words)

	Laboratory Primate Newsletter, Volume 36, Number 2
		Although chimps differ somewhat from humans in their ability to discriminate hues in the yellow and red regions of the spectrum (Grether, 1940a; Riesen, 1970), their visible spectrum is at least as extensive as humans' (Grether, 1940b).
		Chimpanzees are also known to exhibit "emotional" states comparable to those of humans (Yerkes, 1943; Goodall, 1986; King, 1995).
		Because all enrichment devices for captive chimpanzees must be considered dispensable, they must be well-constructed but not so hardy as to be hazardous.
	www.brown.edu /Research/Primate/lpn36-2.html (17701 words)

	We Are Devo!::Humanzee and Hernia
		The first, on Discovery Science, was about Oliver - a chimpanzee who was known for some time as a humanzee.
		Years later, with more complete genetic screening available, it was found that Oliver did indeed have 48 chromosomes in all his cells, but that some of his genes are not like those of normal chimp.
		It is now thought that Oliver is/was (I didn’t catch if he has died or not) a very rare breed of chimp arising from central Africa.
	development.pharyngula.org /index/db/comments/humanzee_and_hernia (468 words)

	Science/AAAS \| Random Samples : 01 November 1996; 274 (5288)
		Scientists at the University of Chicago have undertaken a genetic analysis of Oliver, a chimpanzee who in the 1970s gained notoriety as a possible "missing link." They hope to settle once and for all whether or not he's pure chimp.
		Oliver sank out of sight in the '80s, spending some unemployed years at a Pennsylvania research animal supply company.
		Now Oliver is garnering a few more headlines thanks to Gordon Gallup, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the State University of New York, Albany, who says he's been fascinated by the creature ever since he first read about him in 1976.
	www.sciencemag.org /content/vol274/issue5288/r-samples.dtl (2100 words)

	template1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Academic institutions have a responsibility to enhance public awareness of the research and accomplishments that emerge from a scientific perspective that is empirically grounded.
		"Oliver" is a habitually bipedal ape that has captured the imagination of both laypeople and scientists.
		The results are in...and, alas, Oliver is just a standard-issue chimpanzee with a penchant for walking.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/daegling/research/skeptical.html (260 words)

	Is oliver a "humanzee"?
		Oliver: male, 30ish, very hairy, height 1.2 meters, weight 50 kilos, erect posture, unusual ears, offensive odor.
		Oscar always walks on two feet, uses a human toilet (which he flushes), can mix drinks, and enjoys a cup of coffee and a nightcap.
		But now, scientists want to count his chromosomes and find out what he really is. One suggestion is a cross between a chimpanzee and a bonobo (a "pygmy chimpanzee").
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf110/sf110p06.htm (180 words)

	Laboratory Primate Newsletter, Volume 35, Number 4
		Chimpanzees have a lifespan similar to humans', but their use in laboratories may last only a few years.
		Oliver's mystery drew the attention of a diverse collection of professionals and others, all asking, "What is Oliver?" Suggestions offered were based on visual assumptions and guesswork.
		Dollar amounts to maintain national chimpanzee research resources are likely to be sizeable, whether the population is maintained as a viable productive entity or allowed to die out.
	www.brown.edu /Research/Primate/lpn35-4.html (14302 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Speculation is that Oliver might be the result of a cross between a human and a chimpanzee.
		Oliver does not have a concealed weapons permit to carry the.22-caliber handgun found in the baggage he checked for a Saturday flight to Philadelphia.
		Oliver Harwood first came into my life in the mid-1980s, when I was a science writer for the Los Angeles Times, and he was a senior engineer for the aerospace giant, Rockwell International.
	freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=oliver (2295 words)

	Oliver's Travels
		The chimps on the truck had come from a Pennsylvania research company called the Buckshire Corporation, and their delivery to Primarily Primates represented one of the first attempts anywhere to retire chimps to a sanctuary after they've been used in medical experiments.
		This extraordinary claim was based on several behavioral and morphological peculiarities, especially Oliver's determined preference for walking upright on two legs.
		Preliminary genetic tests were said to indicate that he had forty-seven chromosomes, whereas human beings have forty-six, and common chimpanzees forty-eight.
	www.theatlantic.com /issues/2003/10/shreeve.htm (511 words)

	WSU \| Ask Dr. Universe \| The BIG Questions
		After all, you've probably read that, when it comes to their genes, chimpanzees and humans are 98 or 99 percent alike.
		Although humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, their evolution split apart millions of years ago.
		But recently, scientists tested Oliver's chromosomes and found that he was indeed just a chimp.
	www.wsu.edu /DrUniverse/chimp.html (579 words)

	Boing Boing: King Kong's Monkey Love
		Cooper and Schoedsack weren’t entirely off their rockers when they cast Kong and Fay Wray in a “great romance.” Humans share enough DNA and chromosomal similarity with both gorillas and chimpanzees — we’re 99 percent genotypically congruent with chimps — that offspring might be possible, were biologists unscrupulous enough to try it.
		And then there was the case of Oliver, a circus chimpanzee who seemed so human — he lived with a family in South Africa, where he liked to feed the dogs and sip whiskey while watching TV — that he was tested for human parentage.
		He came up negative, but in the end Oliver had to be sold because he developed an overpowering sexual interest in his female owner and woman visitors.
	www.boingboing.net /2005/12/15/king_kongs_monkey_lo.html (494 words)

	Oliver, is he an Ape?
		But whether the easygoing chimpanzee that walks upright and once enjoyed a nightcap while watching TV is an ape hybrid, a mutant or an entirely new species is unclear.
		"Oliver is unique, and there's a reason why," said Wally Swett, director of Primarily Primates, a primate rehabilitation center in Boerne, Texas, where the most 40-year-old chimp is in retirement.
		"He looked for human DNA, and then when he didn't find any, he put the sample aside and never did anything more." Ledbetter, who promises to publish his genetic findings on Oliver in the next two months, speculated there would be little interest in further research that might help explain Oliver.
	www.bigfootencounters.com /articles/oliver2.htm (720 words)

	Archived conservation news articles on Chimpanzee
		A close relative to the chimpanzee that is thought to be the closest human relative may be on the verge of extinction, scientists say.
		Since chimpanzees and people are 98 per cent identical in their genomes, research into the chimpanzee's immune system should yield important clues as to how to...
		A chimpanzee born in a breeding center or training compound in the United States is usually taken from its mother within days of birth, often forcibly—the...
	conservation.mongabay.com /files/Chimpanzee.htm (12703 words)

	Oliver Kahn - Gorilla with 1,000 Arms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Oliver Kahn has been said to be the best goalkeeper in the world.
		It was not until Andreas Köpke announced that he was retiring at the end of the France 98 tournament that Oliver Kahn was given his chance to show the world what he could do.
		Oliver Kahn never thought he'd see the day when his team would thrive to the top, to be in the finals at the World Cup, and then tragically lost, due to minor mistakes on the goalkeeper's part.
	schoolweb.missouri.edu /ashland.k12.mo.us/km/03page (1539 words)

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