
	Where results make sense

Topic: Omayyad Empire

	CALIPHATE - LoveToKnow Article on CALIPHATE
		The Omayyads were accused by their numerous missionaries of every imaginable vice; in their, hands Islam was not safe; it would be a godly work to extirpate them from the earth.
		All the evidence shows that, during the reign of the Omayyads, life in Damascus and the rest of Syria was austere and in striking contrast to the dissolute manners which prevailed in Medina.
		The missionaries were charged with the task of undermining the authority of the Omayyads, by drawing attention to all the injustices that took place under their reign, and to all the luxury and wantonness of the court, as contrasted with the misery of many of their subjects.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CALIPHATE.htm (23214 words)

	History
		After the breakup of the Macedonian Empire upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, Damascus had to face the instability caused by the struggle between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires.
		Each of the 14 Omayyad caliphs that ruled Damascus, made their own contribution to the city, either by building mosques and palaces, patronizing arts and sciences, or developing the administrative system.
		The Omayyad rulers were also responsible for the introduction of new styles of art and architecture which were mainly inspired by Islam.
	www.damascus-online.com /damascus.htm (5344 words)

	KacMac Syria Guide: History
		Damascus witnessed the rise of the Omayyads in 661 A.D., and subsequently became the capital of the Islamic Empire.
		The Omayyads reached the zenith of their glory in the reign of Al-Walid Ben Abdul-Malek during whose reign the Islamic Empire came to include Sind land, Turkey, and Spain.
		Thus the Empire extended as far as the Pyrenees in Europe, the Atlantic in Africa, and the Chinese borders in Asia.
	www.kacmac.com /syria/history (1367 words)

	CALIPHATE - Encyclopedia Britannica - CALIPHATE - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		With the murder of Othman the dynastic principle gained the twofold advantageof a legitimate crythat of vengeance for the blood of the grey-haired caliph and a distinguished champion, the governor Moawiya, whose position in Syria was impregnable.
		The Omayyads, though they with their clients counted more than r000 men, were not able to maintain themselves, and were allowed to depart only on condition of strict neutrality.
		Moslim, having met the expelled Omayyads at Wadi '1-Qora, encamped near the city (August 683) and gave the inhabitants three days in which to return to obedience, wishing to spare the city of the Prophet and to prevent the shedding of blood.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/CAL_CAR/CALIPHATE.html (22130 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The city flourished as a result of political stability and economic growth that accompanied the expansion of the Roman Empire.
		Under Alexander Severus, it was raised to the rank or Roman Colony, and under Emperor Diocletian, it became the headquarters of the Roman armies in the eastern Empire.
		With the breakup of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Syria became a part of the eastern province of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.marekslabej.unas.cz /damascushistory.htm (5344 words)

	Umayyad - Linix Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Muslim armies pushed across North Africa and Iran, through the late 600s, expanding the borders of the empire from Spain in the west to India in the east.
		The Muslim empire under the Umayyads was now a vast domain that ruled a diverse array of peoples.
		The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid dynasty after their defeat in the Battle of the Zab in 750, following which most of the clan was massacred by the Abbasids.
	web.linix.ca /pedia/index.php/Omayyad_Empire (349 words)

	Massoud Tours
		Damascus became the capital of the first Arab state at the time of the Omayyad in 660 A.D. this marked the beginning of its golden epoch, and for a whole century it was the center of the youthful Islamic Empire.
		This reached its peak of expansion during this period, and came to stretch from the shores of the Atlantic and the Pyrennese in the west, to the river Indus and China in the east.
		The Omayyad took a genuine interest in building up the city, organizing its souks and districts, improving its water supply and erecting palaces and hospitals in various parts of it.
	www.massoudtours.com /cities.htm (1498 words)

	Syria - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on earth.
		Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, discovered in 1975, a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. The city of Ebla alone during that time had a population estimated at 260,000.
		It came under Muslim rule in A.D. Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached its peak, and it became the capital of the Omayyad Empire, which extended from Spain to India from A.D. 661 to A.D. 750, when the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad, Iraq.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /syria.htm (4207 words)

	CALIPHATE - Online Information article about CALIPHATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Mahomet; (b) The Omayyad caliphs; (c) The Abbasid caliphs.
		Yemen, were entrusted to men of the Omayyad house, or that of the Makhzum and other Koreishite families.
		Shiites, found support; by them the dynasty of the Omayyads and the supremacy of the Arabs was finally overthrown.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAL_CAR/CALIPHATE.html (6798 words)

	ECONOMY - v. FROM THE ARAB CONQUEST TO THE END OF THE IL-KHANIDS
		Throughout the rule of the orthodox caliphs and the Omayyads the situation varied in the different provinces with the ebb and flow of conquest, and it is difficult to assess to what extent economic expansion was hindered or stimulated.
		But once they had become the rulers of a territorial empire, they needed a more stable base for their power than that provided by the GÚozz and the Turkmen tribes, whose numbers were, perhaps in any case, too small to support them in the long term.
		Once the Il-khans became the rulers of a settled empire with more or less defined frontiers as was beginning to be the case under Hülegü, money as well as milk and meat was required, and garrisons, for which provisions and pay had to be provided, were needed to hold the conquests.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8/v8f1/v8f1133v.html (19013 words)

	Syria [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It is the original language of some parts of the Bible; it has been the language of administration of empires, and the language of divine worship.
		Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, discovered in 1975, a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. Ebla appears to have been founded around 3000 BC and gradually built its empire through trade w...
		The most common date for an end of ancient history in Europe is 476 CE (the fall of the Western Roman Empire), however the exact date is still disputed among various historians.
	www.wikimirror.com /Syria (14212 words)

	Rolf Witzsche on Universal History
		The Omayyad dynasty became the first imperial center of the Muslim feudal empire.
		In the course of this religiously based imperial movement the lives of some people were no doubt uplifted by the teaching of the Koran, while great masses would loose their life for the empire in the course of its long strings of wars for territorial dominance.
		Still, the Muslim expansion may be regarded as the largest expansion of a humanist type culture in the dark ages of history that became famous as an epoch of near universal feudalist rule.
	science.rolf-witzsche.com /2vii/2vii-038.html (626 words)

	GERMANIA: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Vikings, Orkney, etc.
		Although Burgundy and Lorraine are now gone as such, Switzerland and Monaco are Modern pieces of the former, and the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg are Modern pieces of the latter.
		There was really no hope of restoring the Western Empire until the Vandals were swept from the sea and their base recovered.
		In the end, however, the plan was revived, after the Western Empire was gone; and in 534 Justinian's great general Belisarius ended the Vandal kingdom and restored Roman authority.
	www.friesian.com /germania.htm (6301 words)

	History of Islam
		This empire was not to remain unified for long; the new polity soon broke into a civil war known to Islamic historians as the Fitna, and later by a Second Fitna.
		Despite this fragmentation of Islam, the later empires of the Abbasid caliphs, the Indian Mughals, and the Seljuk Turk Ottomans were among the largest and most powerful in the world.
		The majority of this new empire was of course non-Muslim, and aside from a protection tax (jizya) the conquered people found their religions tolerated.
	www.history-forum.com /index.php/topic,22.msg102.html (2836 words)

	Timeline 600CE to 999CE
		He declared Arabic as the official language of the empire and established a common coinage system that was purely Arabic.
		The Abbassid dynasty of the Moslem Empire ruled Arabia and the eastern empire.
		He was the youngest son of Louis the German and was crowned emperor by Pope John VIII in 881 and became king of all the East Franks in 882, succeeding his brother Louis the Younger.
	timelines.ws /0600AD_999AD.HTML (10742 words)

	Islam Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It was this deadly malady that brought about the ruin of the Omayyad Empire, vitiated the life of the Arab tribes, destroyed the Omayyads in Spain and ultimately caused the annihilation of the Muslims in that land.
		Nearer home, it was responsible for the destruction of the Mughal Empire and of the Muslim States in Deccan.
		The Omayyads, for example, were challenged and ultimately destroyed by the Abbasids, who instigated the Persians against the Arabs with a view to promoting their own interests and replacing the Omayyad Kingship with their own.
	www.sa.niu.edu /msa/islamtoday_3_1.htm (927 words)

	[No title]
		Such civilisations as the Roman Empire, Egyptian Civilisation, the Venetian Empire and the Omayyad Dynasty were all founded on their access to water, which provided their population with the means to both survive and expand.
		Visitors discovering the arid landscapes of Syria and Iraq may find it difficult to imagine that several centuries ago these were the rich agricultural regions of the former Omayyad Empire (661-750), which extended from Spain to the western edge of China at its height.
		Because problems concerning water provisions had been expertly solved, these lands were transformed into a veritable breadbasket, and their populations were able to settle down and become sedentary since water, sometimes brought from great distances, was stored up in sufficient quantities.
	unesco.uiah.fi /water/material/03_water_and_civilisation_html (3935 words)

	Damascus - Gurupedia
		Caliph Omar in AD Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached its peak when it became the capital of the
		Omayyad Empire, which extended from Spain to India from AD 661 to AD, when the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad, Iraq.
		1260, and Damascus became a provincial capital of the Mameluke Empire following the Mongol withdrawal.
	www.gurupedia.com /d/da/damascus.htm (468 words)

	info: UMAYYAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Muslim armies pushed across North Africa and Iran, through the late 600s, expanding the borders of the empire from the Iberian peninsula, in the west, to India, in the east.
		Ceremonial and Art at the Umayyad Court - An extract from Oleg Grabar's PhD dissertation; the development of royal ceremonial under the Umayyads went hand in hand with the formation of the theory of the caliphate, as a partiarchal rulership transformed into a royal one.
		Collapse of the Umayyad empire - An account of the collapse of Umayyad power, and their replacement by the Abbasids..
	en.progressoelettronico.com /Umayyad (917 words)

	SYRIA - EASTERN RITES & ISLAMIC DAMASCUS
		Like any other new empires, the rapid rise of the new entity was often followed by conflicts over the division of gains.
		As the chief city of the Middle East and Headquarters of Mu’awiyah, Damascus was the natural candidate for the capital of the new Islamic Empire - the Omayyad Caliphate, which lasted till its destruction by the Shiite Abbasids of Baghdad.
		Near the Omayyad Mosque were mausoleums of two great Middle Eastern sultans of the Age of the Crusaders - Salah Ad-Din, founder of the Ayyubid Dynasty, and Baibars I, the most eminent of the Mamluk sultans.
	weecheng.com /mideast/syria/dama3.htm (1510 words)

	Syria BABLEIZED babelized babbled babbelized bableize humour lampoon
		The study of antiquities scholar showed the fact that Syria is one center of ancient civilization of the earth.
		North Syrian is discovered to 1975 Ebla around the city which is dug Semitic large empire from north of the crimson sea reached to Turkey and spread to Mesopotamia to 2400 B.C from east 2500.
		Was destroyed to 1400 that by the Mongol conquest person who removes the large number of the craftsman to Samarkand of Tamerlane mainly.
	www.paganfish.com /bable1Syria.htm (561 words)

	GEOG 455U/555: The Middle East -Atlas Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The last Muslims (or Moors) were driven out in 1492, which means that much of contemporary Spain was Muslim for about _______ centuries.
		Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
		A people known as the ________________ appear to have been the inhabitants of Morocco at the time of the Muslim conquest.
	www.odu.edu /webroot/instr/al/DZeigler.nsf/pages/g455-su00-religion (406 words)

	Spain, a Culinary Crossroads
		At times invaded, at times the invader, she has been the centre of a world empire and ignored by the rest of the world.
		Part of the Roman Empire at one time, the food styles of the empire became their own.
		After the coup that overthrew the Omayyads, the last of the family came to Spain and ruled directly from there.
	www.eagnet.com /edipage/areaserv/camdentor/spain.htm (972 words)

	- Levon Travel - Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Many European Countries, tours, Vacations, Group Travels.
		It came under Muslim rule in A.D. Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached its peak, and it became the capital of the Omayyad Empire, which extended from Spain to India from A.D. to A.D. 750, when the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad, Iraq.
		After Damascus (and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the British at the close of World War I, Prince Faisal, a wartime ally of the British (and future king of Iraq), formed the independent Arab Kingdom of Syria in 1920.
		Soon afterward, the French marched in and kept Syria as a protectorate until 1941.
	www.levontravel.com /NEW/COUNTRY/Syria/Info/history_SY.htm (611 words)

	GN Online: A history tour
		Archaeological studies suggest that Damascus was first settled in 6000 BC and it is recorded as the oldest continually inhabited city in the world.
		It has been ruled by Assyrians, Babylonians, the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Romans, the Byzantine Empire, the Omayyad dynasty, the Crusaders and the Ottomans.
		One can still see some pillars of the Roman temple that replaced it and the tomb of John the Baptist inside is evidence of its later conversion to a church.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=62105 (604 words)

	Islamic Information : my funny motto
		during which a truly great empire was created.
		fragmented the empire and there was turbulence until 819.
		Omayyad power and laid the foundations for the material and
	islamicinformation.blogspot.com /2003_01_05_islamicinformation_archive.html (11714 words)

	Hospitals in Medievel Islam
		The Omayyad Caliphate represents a period of consolidation and proper organisation of Muslim resources.
		The third Omayyad Caliph, Walid Ibn Abdul Malik, who took much interest in public works, founded an institute for blind and disabled persons.
		He established the first medical dispensary in Islam in 88 A. and staffed it with a number of able physicians and surgeons.
	www.netmuslims.com /info/hospitals.html (2502 words)

	Islamic Information
		Sunnites and Shi'ites divided at the beginning of the Omayyad
		With the reign of Abu Bakr (632-634) the empire was
		In 639 the Omayyad Mu'awiya was appointed governor of all Syria.
	islamicinformation.blogspot.com (12795 words)

	damscus information,damascus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		During Roman times damscus was considered such an important center ofGreco-Roman culture that it was made an honorary member of the Decapolis leagueof cities.
		damscus was conquered by the Caliph Omar in AD Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached itspeak when it became the capital of the Omayyad Empire, which extendedfrom Spain to India from AD 661 to AD 750, when the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad, Iraq.
		Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, and damscus became a provincial capital of the Mameluke Empire following the Mongol withdrawal.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /damscus.html (618 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)