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Topic: On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves

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	Report to Congress - Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy - Feb 1995
		The use of coca leaves was associated historically with the religious ceremonies of the Incas and reserved specifically for nobility.
		Coca paste is a chunky, off-white to light-brown, putty-like substance that exists primarily as an intermediate product in the processing of coca leaves into powder cocaine.
		Coca leaves typically are mixed with an alkaline substance (such as lime) and chewed into a wad that is retained in the mouth between gum and cheek and sucked of its juices.
	www.ussc.gov /crack/chap2.htm (5892 words)

	Cocaine
		Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
		Coca protects the body from many ailments, and our doctors use it in powdered form to reduce the swelling of wounds, to strengthen broken bones, to expel cold from the body or prevent it from entering, and to cure rotten wounds or sores that are full of maggots.
		Whereas cocaine hydrochloride is extremely soluble in water, cocaine base is insoluble in water and is therefore not suitable for drinking, snorting or injecting.
	www.mrsci.com /Addiction/Cocaine.php (6194 words)

	On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves
		On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves is an 1860 dissertation written by Dr. Albert Niemann.
		Its title in German is Über eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/On_a_New_Organic_Base_in_the_Coca_Leaves (111 words)

	Cocaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The leaf was, and is, chewed almost universally by some indigenous communities—ancient Peruvian mummies have been found with the remains of coca leaves, and pottery from the time period depicts humans whose cheeks are bulged with the presence of something upon which they are chewing.
		A “pinch of coca leaves” was included in John Styth Pemberton's original 1886 recipe for Coca-Cola, though the company began using decocainized leaves in 1906 when the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed.
		Cocaine sulfate is produced by macerating coca leaves along with water that has been acidulated with sulfuric acid, or a naphtha-based solvent, like kerosene or benzene.
	deepquote.net /x1r0y4v4avgn (3565 words)

	Drug Rehab - drug rehabilitation substance abuse cord blood stem cell research cordblood therapy detox
		Niemann described every step he took to isolate cocaine in a his dissertation entitled On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves, which was published in 1860 — it also earned him his Ph.D. and is now in the British Library.
		Cocaine sulphate is produced by crushing coca leaves along with water and dilute sulphuric acid.
		Maté de coca, or coca leaf tea, is also a traditional method of consumption and is often recommended to treat altitude sickness.
	www.cordblood-drugrehab.com /cocaine.html (4266 words)

	Narco News: Coca: Food, Medicine, and Ritual in Bolivia
		As she invites us to sample a handful of coca leaves, she says that coca has heart, that it is pure, and that the leaves give thanks to Pachamama (Mother Earth).
		However, although it is more difficult than before to find large coca fields in the Chaparé, there are many small plots that coexist with their bastard sisters amidst the palm tree and pineapple plantations, etc. – daughters of the failure of the alternative development projects pushed by the government.
		Coca made this region grow in many ways: the solidarity between families, the strengthening of farmer organizations, and the generation of a large movement that at times succeeds in bringing strong pressure upon the state.
	www.narconews.com /Issue34/article1025.html (1921 words)

	RECOVERY ESSENTIALS™ - Information on Cocaine and Crack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In 1551 the Bishop of Cuzco outlawed coca use on pain of death because it was "an evil agent of the Devil".
		Coca leaves were distributed three or four times a day to the workers during brief rest-breaks.
		The active ingredient of the coca plant was first isolated in the West by Albert Niemann around 1860.
	www.recoveryessentials.com /information/cocaine.html (1754 words)

	UNODC - Terminology and Information on Drugs - Page 7
		"Coca leaf" means the leaf of the coca bush except leaf from which all ecgonine, cocaine and any other ecgonine alkaloids have been removed.
		Coca paste is an extract of the leaves of the coca bush.
		Coca paste can vary from a brown gummy material to an off-white creamy or beige coloured coarse powder which often contains aggregates and is generally damp.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/es/report_1998-10-01_1_page007.html (306 words)

	BSCI 124 Lecture Notes - Psychoactive Plants
		Coca cola was first marketed in 1886 and promoted as a headache remedy as it contained caffeine and coca extracts.
		As a result coca leaves, with the cocaine removed, are now used to flavor the syrup from which the soda is made.
		Cocaine hydrochloride ground into fine powder and sniffed ("snorting"); "free basing" is the use of a base form (rather than salt form) of cocaine for greater solubility and potency; "crack" cocaine the harden form.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci124/lec31.html (2868 words)

	Harmony Healing
		Before putting up a new building, it’s common practice to make offerings to Pachamama, leaving coca leaves and chicha (traditional corn beer) in the foundations to ensure her blessings.
		There’s also an organic garden where fresh vegetables are harvested daily for sumptuous gourmet vegetarian meals, and there’s always an array of fresh herbs and hot water available to make delicious healing infusions to sip during the day.
		Willka T’ika is the main base for Harmony Journeys trips to the Sacred Valley, allowing groups to really immerse themselves in the ancient roots of Peru and the still-vibrant Quechua culture.
	www.energiesinaction.co.uk /harmonyjourneys.htm (1052 words)

	New Agriculturist 01-6: News brief
		Potato blight, Phytopthora infestans, which both kills leaves and causes infected tubers to rot in storage, may have met its match in a commercial potato variety developed in Hungary and grown and tested in northern England.
		Three new AVRDC virus tolerant varieties have been grown by many hundreds of farmers in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan and two additional varieties are showing promise in regions where MYMV is not a problem, such as Bhutan and Sri Lanka.
		An alternative, developed by a UK based company, uses potato starch to make a range of plates and food and drink containers, which are 100% bio-degradable, compostable and non toxic.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /01-6/newsbr.html (2704 words)

	Classics - Culbreth - Materia Medica and Pharmacology - E
		When full amount (leaves) chewed one works cheerfully as long as the effect lasts, irrespective of meal hour, which may continue 3-4 days from repeated doses -- usually, however, food is taken at night, and only the meal of mid-day bridged over.
		Leaves are picked, dried carefully, and enter trade very little broken, those that are ovate, equilateral, thin and sessile, “junior,” being rejected; only the Australian variety should be used, as they vary less in the yield of oil; however, most of our supply comes from California.
		Leaves opposite, the pair united at the base, 8-20 Cm.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /echerb/Files/classics/culbre1/culb-e.html (6041 words)

	Organic - Sue's Pantry Special Requirements
		Whole organic Sicilian almonds are taken with their skins left on and caramelised to intensify their flavour.
		The slender dark-green leaves have a pleasant anise-like flavour and aroma.
		The farms are mostly of small to medium size, averaging around 16 hectares, and are all certified organic to EU standards by Organic Farmers and Growers.
	www.suespantry.net /special/organic.htm (12024 words)

	RAVES.COM.AU - Drugs: Cocaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In 1609 Padre Blas Valera wrote: Coca protects the body from many ailments, and our doctors use it in powdered form to reduce the swelling of wounds, to strengthen broken bones, to expel cold from the body or prevent it from entering, and to cure rotten wounds or sores that are full of maggots.
		Attempts to eradicate coca fields through the use of defoliants have devastated the farming economy of Colombia, and strains appear to have been developed that are immune to their use.
		The combination of the destruction of non-drug farms and the spread of new strains of the coca plant have made the cultivation of coca an even more attractive, and in some cases necessary, economic decision.
	www.raves.com.au /drugs/cocaine_drug.php (6099 words)

	VANDU HARM GROUP
		The active ingredient of the coca plant was first isolated in the West by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855; he named it "Erythroxyline".
		Nowadays the leaves are used only for flavouring since the drug has been removed.
		Since the hydrochloride salt decomposes at the temperature required to vaporise it, cocaine is instead converted to the liberated base form.
	www.vandu.org /vrockgroup.html (1055 words)

	New way of pulling an all-nighter dangerous?
		Working for days on end without food or sleep, the multitudes toiled with a small wad of green leaves tucked in the corner of their mouths.
		Far more potent and devastating than chewing coca erythroxylum, however, cocaine use fortunately declined under hefty metaphors of frying eggs and even heftier prison sentences, leaving caffeine as the sole recourse for safely managing increasing workloads and sleepless nights.
		Provigil (modafinil), a non-amphetamine stimulant discovered in France in the late 1970s and now produced by Cephalon in the U.S., was officially licensed for treatment of daytime drowsiness in patients with narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and nightshift worker syndrome.
	www.provigilweb.org /q5.htm (664 words)

	[No title]
		These are based on the premise that if a user is to remain drug-free, lifestyle changes such as avoiding people, places and things related to cannabis use, should be encouraged.
		Cocaine is a white crystalline powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum Coca) found in the mountainous regions of South America as well as in Taiwan, Java, India and parts of Africa.
		Freebasing, (smoking the pure cocaine base) is the most dangerous form of use because of the much larger quantaties of cocaine involved and the more intense adverse physical and psychological effects.
	www.tuggerahlakesbluelight.com /FactSheets.html (4247 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The spiky leaves of this plant indigenous to southern Africa produce a juice that soothes, nourishes, rejuvenates and heals.
		Materials that disintegrate under environmental conditions in a reasonable and demonstrable period of time, where the primary mechanism is through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, fungi and algae.
		A UVB block (burning ultraviolet rays from the sun) derived from cinnamon and coca leaves.
	www.caeran.com /GLOS.htm (4158 words)

	[CTRL] [2-4] Drug War/Covert Money, Power & Policy- Mescal/I
		Semmelweiss demonstrated in the 1860's that this was due to the exposure of the new-borns to the contagious diseases in the hospital, but asepsis and segregation weren't effectively practiced in most hospitals until the 1900's.
		At the turn of the century, an alcohol extract of whole coca leaves, mixed with good French wines, was the best-selling tonic wine in the world, Vin Mariani.
		It takes a ton of coca leaves to make 7 pounds of cocaine - there is no medical analogy between the two, any more than between potato and its trace alkaloids.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg34079.html (3315 words)

	Solstice Celebration in Machu Picchu Peru! Labyrinthina Sacred Journeys 2001, Incas!
		Atop its base was carved a smaller stone pointing to the heavens as a personification of the divine mountain spirit, Huayna Picchu.
		A golden disc fixed to the stone to bind the sun (preventing it's leaving) and to beg for its return with gifts of light and heat, is believed to still exist in a higher vibratory state protected from the third dimensional physical world.
		Jaimi told us that Andean spirituality is based upon 'munay' the power of feeling, 'tukuymanayniyo' supreme love, 'ayni' sharing, and 'noqa kan kani' which translates as 'you and I are the same' thus creating an equilibrium with all that surrounds us.
	www.labyrinthina.com /pacha.htm (1380 words)

	Chapter_04
		• Distinguishing Characteristics: Cocaine is an alkaloid (organic base) derived from the coca plant.
		Cocaine base, rock, or crack is a crystalline rock about the size of a small pebble.
		Cocaine base is heated in a glass pipe and the vapor is inhaled.
	www.fmcsa.dot.gov /safetyprogs/drugs/chap04.htm (5400 words)

	eMedicine - Substance Abuse: Cocaine : Article by Anthony J Weekes, MD RDMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca and other Erythroxylon trees indigenous to Bolivia, Peru, Indonesia, and the West Indies.
		For centuries, Amerindian workers who traveled in mountainous South American countries have chewed coca leaves, a practice they believe improves their stamina and suppresses hunger.
		Deliberate extraction of cocaine from coca leaves began in the second half of the 19th century.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2666.htm (6937 words)

	Lifeweb: Expanding Our Worldview to Other Dimensions
		A star is a self-organizing entity, keeping itself alive by drawing in new material and sloughing off old, with a series of life stages often ending in its explosive reproduction as a new star system including planets.
		Understanding the nature of this communicative bond, forged by coca chewing, means exploring an attitude in which land is experienced as animate, powerful, and imbued with consciousness--a parallel society of Earth Persons with whom one is in constant interaction." (p.
		When you blow on coca leaves, performing phukuy, you blow their animating essence, their sami, into the Earth Mother, the Pacha Mama, or to the Apus, the mountain Lords, directing the sami to them by calling their names.
	www.ratical.com /LifeWeb/Articles/washdc95.html (6288 words)

	Mycotopian Web Board: Mimosa cold water extraction-Jurema Preta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		It's especially common among new users, under-supervised dreamers, and situations in which one failed to calculate a reasonable dose.
		i fight the chemical verses organic all the time so many take the organic side but i think this is due to bad street quality drugs that give the pure compound bad names.
		johnny ott has said good stuff about this whole organic verses chemical view every one should read all of this mans work he is a star in the entheogenic sky brew we owe him much for the work he has done many blessings johnny.
	www.mycotopia.net /discus/messages/5/28052.html (2887 words)

	Slashfood
		The International Potato Center, based in Peru, is one of the main forces trying to conserve the region's tubers.
		At the end of last year, Nick posted about Coca Sek, a soft drink that was being produced by the Nasa community, indigenous people to southern Colombia.
		The carbonated, citrus-flavored soft drink is made from coca leaves, the same coca leaves that are processed with solvents and other chemicals to produce cocaine.
	www.slashfood.com /category/south-america (3173 words)

	Nutraceutical Beverage Update
		"Based on the growth we are seeing right now there seems to be a lot of room for growth, innovation and new brands," he said.
		The new healthy vending machines are filled with an assortment of organic and natural snacks from companies ranging from Organic Valley milk and string cheese to Stacy's pita chips to Newman's Own Organics pretzels, as well as Stonyfield's own Organic Smoothies.
		Fuze's new Diet Orange Ginger Green Tea is a no-calorie, zero carbohydrate beverage that is fueled with a powerful antioxidant capacity equal to three servings of vegetables per each 18-oz.
	www.npicenter.com /anm/ppl.tb/nutraceuticalbevera-49-14108.asp (7153 words)

	Harmony Journeys Sacred Tours
		Where possible, they are being planned to tie-in with the opening of new galactic portals, these being dates when we experience heightened energy vibrations.
		As we were about to leave, we noticed the moon rising up from the horizon, it was incredible as the moon was about the size of the sun.
		This exciting itinerary is based on the route of the recent Sacred Gathering of all the Mayan tribes which had not taken place previously for 5,126 years!
	www.harmonyhealing.co.uk /sacredtours.html (4321 words)

	wine guide
		The recipe for the wine was sent to Buckfast in 1897 by the nephew of oneof the original French monks.
		It used a fortified base wine from Spain, to which maceratedmaté tea, coca leaves and vanilla had been added.
		Champagne GARDET is a family house founded in 1895, situated in chigny les roses at the heart of the triangle formed by reims, epernay and chalons-en-champagne, in the middle of the montagne de reims.
	www.pastfood.com /wine3.html (2019 words)

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