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	Encyclopedia: Babylonian captivity
		Babylonian captivity, or Babylonian exile, is the name generally given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar.
		The Babylonian Captivity and the subsequent return from captivity (back to Israel), was seen as one of the great pivotal acts in the drama between God and His people, Israel.
		The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy, or of the Church, which refers to the Papacy's sojourn in Avignon, France between 1309 and 1378, when the Popes were seen by some as "captives" of the French Kings.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Babylonian-captivity (3561 words)

	Babylonian captivity -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Persians had a different political philosophy of managing conquered territories than the Babylonians or Assyrians.
		The Babylonian Captivity and the resulting return from captivity back to Israel was seen as one of the great pivotal acts in the drama between God and his people Israel.
		Babylonian Captivity is also used to refer to other historical events, including:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/babylonian_captivity.htm (575 words)

	Martin Luther: The Babylonian Captivity, 1520 first edition
		Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
		The central argument of the Babylonian Captivity was that the essence of a true sacrament is that of a divine promise, and that each Christian had to accept this promise for himself.
		Captivity and Luther’s refusal to recant it at Worms marks a point at which individual conscience and the forces of empire crashed with astounding and epoch-shaping force, setting off a disruption so great that five centuries later the shock waves are still rippling through the social, cultural, religious and economic fabric of the Western world.
	www.theworldsgreatbooks.com /luther.htm (1984 words)

	How to Pray for a Desolate Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In 1520, Martin Luther wrote an essay which he called "The Babylonian Captivity of the Church." What he meant was that forces and powers that were foreign to Christ and to his word had captured the mind and heart of the church.
		Prayer for a desolate church is sustained by the memory of past mercies.
		So when we pray for a desolate church, we can remember brighter days that the church has known, and darker days from which she was saved.
	www.desiringgod.org /library/sermons/92/010592.html (2019 words)

	Private Confession in the Lutheran Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		At the same time the Lutheran Church insists in its official confessions that there is a subjective and objective necessity for it which caused it to develop in the Church, and that it is not contrary to the scriptures, but rather in harmony with its doctrines, if it is practiced rightly.
		In the Reformed churches ministers are hired by the congregation and are not always understood as the mouthpieces and representatives of Christ.
		The Lutheran Church can restudy what God has revealed to her about the means of grace and what her Confessions state on the basis of the holy scriptures about private confession and absolution and its use in the Church.
	members.aol.com /SemperRef/private.html (8090 words)

	Perils of the Church and Decline of the Middle Ages
		Trials afflicted the Church when the papacy fell under the control of the king of France, as Rome was left without the papal court for seventy years in what is known as the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
		An essential mark of the true Church is holiness, and during this time (as always) the Church was blessed by holiness in its Founder, who still lived in and guided the Church, and in many of its members.
		In addition to being pastor of St. Mary of Mercy Church, Alexandria, SD he is also chaplain to Mother of Mercy Carmelite Monastery where reside discalced Carmelite nuns who as contemplatives are enclosed for prayer and sacrifice for the universal Church, priests in particular.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0072.html (3881 words)

	title
		His model was the "ancient church," by which he meant the church "prior to the papacy." Behind this principle lay his adherence to the divine will given in Scripture.
		Baptism was an important issue because it came to be the means of distinguishing between a pure church of known believers, visible to all, and a mass of people indiscriminately baptized as infants, a church that included good and bad alike.
		In The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Luther explains baptism as "the divine promise" of salvation, which requires human faith.
	my.cybersoup.com /cazi/reformationliturgies.html (6314 words)

	Babylonian captivity on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		After the capture of the city by the Babylonians some thousands, probably selected for their prosperity and importance, were deported to Mesopotamia.
		The prophesied 70 years of captivity were fulfilled when the new Temple was completed in 516 BC For the papal captivity at Avignon, which is also called the Babylonian Captivity, see papacy.
		Babylonian confusion and biblical inversion in Miller's The Crucible.(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/babylcap.asp (457 words)

	Luther's Cry for Reform - Dr. Herb Samworth
		Those three walls included the distinction between the clerical and the lay members of the Church, the claim that the Pope was the supreme interpreter of Scripture, and the teaching that the Pope was the supreme authority in the Church.
		Rome taught that God had given all grace to the Church and it was the function and prerogative of the Church exclusively to dispense that grace to the faithful by means of the sacraments.
		Although there was biblical justification for the sacrament of baptism and the promise of spiritual blessings attached to its proper administration, these had been taken captive by the Church for the purpose of making merchandise of the souls of men.
	www.solagroup.org /articles/historyofthebible/hotb_0009.html (2698 words)

	The Pelagian Captivity of the Church, by R.C. Sproul
		Virtually every church in the historic World Council of Churches at some point in their history and in their creedal development articulates some doctrine of original sin.
		In the fifth century the Church condemned Pelagius as a heretic.
		The Church concluded that there still remains this freedom that is intact in the human will and that man must cooperate with — and assent to — the prevenient grace that is offered to them by God.
	www.bible-researcher.com /sproul1.html (3625 words)

	Luther and the German Reformation
		To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation; The Babylonian Captivity of the Church; and The Freedom of a Christian.
		The "Lutheran" reformation was relatively conservative: use of the German Bible; simplification and Germanization of the liturgy with removal of the sacrificial language in the mass; redirection of church revenues; married priests; communion in both kinds; emphasis upon preaching.
		The Augsburg Confession, composed by Luther's young colleague Philip Melanchthon, was published in 1530 and became the doctrinal standard for the Lutheran churches.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts2/notes42.htm (580 words)

	The Pelagian Captivity of the Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		One of the most provocative was titled The Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
		Luther in the sixteenth century took the image of the historic Babylonian captivity and reapplied it to his era and talked about the new Babylonian captivity of the Church.
		He was speaking of Rome as the modern Babylon that held the Gospel hostage with its rejection of the biblical understanding of justification.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/1368505/posts (1200 words)

	History Europe Church II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		This period will be called the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Church, an allusion to the 70-year exile of the Jews to Babylon in the sixth century B.C. The loss to Papal prestige is enormous.
		The Council of Trent (1545-63) decrees a thorough reform of the Church and clarifies Catholic doctrine.
		Church lands and wealth are confiscated, religious orders suppressed, and the clergy required to take oaths of fidelity to the constitution.
	www.geocities.com /twowitnesseswe/GOD/19.html (13947 words)

	The Reformation in Germany
		Church liturgy was transformed, congregational singing stimulated, and new modes of communal living evolved.
		In the case of communion, he rejected the notions that it was a sacrifice to God and that the elements are transformed (transubstantiation).
		In 1547 he was taken prisoner by Charles V in the Battle of Mühlberg and lost his territory and title of Elector.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/dres/dres3.html (1100 words)

	Captive Hearts, Captive Church
		Luther likened the oppressive regime of Rome in the sixteenth century with that of Israel's blight while held captive by the rivers of Babylon.
		Historians have said that though Luther won the battle with Erasmus in the sixteenth century, he lost it in the seventeenth century and was demolished in the eighteenth century by the conquest achieved by the Pelagianism of the Enlightenment.
		He would see the church today as being in the grasp of Pelagianism with this adversary of the faith having a stranglehold on us.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/9170/SPROUL2.HTM (1423 words)

	Babylonian captivity
		The first was in the time of Jehoiachin in 597 BCE, when the temple of Jerusalem was partially despoiled and a number of the leading citizens removed.
		Hostility grew up between the returning Jews and the Samaritans, which has continued to the present day.
		Just as they had been predestined for, and saved from, slavery in Egypt, now they were predestined to be punished by God through the Babylonians, and then saved once more.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/babylonian_captivity.html (661 words)

	Story of the Church - Martin Luther
		Rather, since the sufferings of Purgatory were thought to compensate for sins not confessed, absolved, and satisfactions performed on earth, which were imposed by the church, the indulgence, which remitted the penalties of the church, could not reach beyond Purgatory.
		The Babylonian Captivity, in particular, was the text in which Luther publicly taught against transubstantiation, although he never ceased teaching the Real Presence.
		But he was the beginning of a new branch of the Catholic church, not a sectarian heretic, but a true reformer, calling the church to return to first principles.
	www.ritchies.net /p4wk2.htm (2986 words)

	Babylonian Captivity, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Babylonian Captivity, The, in Jewish history, a period of exile at Babylon.
		The seventy years of residence at Babylon immediately preceding the release is known as the Babylonian Captivity.
		For "Babylonian Captivity of the Church," see AVIGNON.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol1/babylonian-captivity.htm (426 words)

	[No title]
		Benedict died 1304 and his successor, CLEMENS V., in 1309 moved to Avignon where he established a new church administration; the County of Avignon became papal territory.
		The first period of Avignon popes, from 1304 to 1377, is called the BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY OF THE CHURCH, a powerful metaphor phrased by opponents of the Avignonese administration.
		A series of Files on the Babylonian Captivity from History of Western Civilization at Boise State Univ.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/lma/babcapt.html (317 words)

	[History] > 16th Century - Ayin - The Protestant Reformation
		In Nehemiah and Zechariah it is the rebuilding of the Temple after the Babylonian captivity, while in I Peter it is spiritualized to the building of God's holy Temple with "living stones" - i.e.
		In the Sixteenth Century, the Church desperately needed a Reformation, just as the Temple had to be rebuilt and the people reformed after the Babylonian Captivity on the Sixteenth Spoke fo the Wheel.
		herefore quite astounding to discover that Martin Luther chose the theme of the Babylonian Captivity as the biblical metaphor for the evils that befell the Church during the rank corruption at the end of the Middle Ages.
	www.biblewheel.com /History/C16_Reformation.asp (1495 words)

	Untitled Document
		Whereas the humanists attacked the Church from an intellectual level, and desired the elimination of the corruption they perceived in the church hierarchy, the Reformers attacked the Church’s theology in an attempt to reform the doctrines and beliefs which constituted Catholic orthodoxy.
		Owing to the success of Luther’s attack on the authority of the Church, most modern examinations of his writings and the events surrounding the early Reformation focus on the political and social consequences of Luther’s works.
		Similarly, Luther’s attack on Church authority in his Disputation Against the Scholastics is less prominent, in modern examinations of Luther, than are the proceedings at the Diet of Worms.
	www.angelfire.com /darkside/kitsune0/darkcelt/Mysticism/ThesesIntro.html (1329 words)

	The Great Captivity?
		The platter, empty of the traditional iconography of the slain lamb, signifies the commemorative character of the meal: not a sacrifice but the acceptance of a promise made once for all in the death of Christ.
		The third captivity of this sacrament is that most wicked abuse of all, in consequence of which there is today no more generally accepted and firmly believed opinion in the Church than this, that the mass is a good work and a sacrifice.
		Under this captivity, they take every precaution that no layman should hear these words of Christ, as if they were too sacred to be delivered to the common people.
	www.etss.edu /hts/hts2/info42.htm (3428 words)

	Electronic Textual Editing: How and Why to Formalize your Markup [Patrick Durusau]
		In his discussion of the Eucharistic doctrine which is presented in The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520), Luther not only argues against the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharistic sacrifice but also against transubstantiation.
		To start with a small part of the example, consider the rendering of ‘The Babylonian Captivity of the Church’ in the opening sentence.
		Assume that the stylesheet fails to display ‘The Babylonian Captivity of the Church’ as a title.
	www.tei-c.org /Activities/ETE/Preview/durusau.xml (4753 words)

	The Birth of Reformation Theology
		The second captivity of this sacrament is less grievous as far as the conscience is concerned, yet the gravest of dangers threatens the man who would attack it, to say nothing of condemning it.
		The third captivity of this sacrament is by far the most wicked abuse of all, in consequence of which there is no opinion more generally held or more firmly believed in the church today than this, that the mass is a good work and a sacrifice.
		He agrees that confession of sin can be helpful to people but that it works best only when it recalls Christians to their Baptism which is a dying and rising with Christ, a dying to this world and a reaching for the world to come.
	www.uni-duisburg.de /Institute/CollCart/es/sem/s6/txt04c.htm (1382 words)

	hist1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In this document, Luther attacks the authority of the papacy over secular rulers, denied that the pope was the final interpreter of Scripture, assailed the corruption of the Roman Curia, enunciated his important doctrine of the universal priesthood of believers, and called for a drastic reform of the church.
		The second document was The Babylonian Captivity of the Church published October 6, 1520.
		This document attacked the sacramental system of the church by means of which the ecclesiastical hierarchy had gained its control over Christians.
	www.augustana.edu /Religion/LutherProject/Freedom/HIST1.htm (503 words)

	Church Effeminate and Other Essays
		Description: This anthology of the best that has been written on the purpose, structure, and function of the Christian church in the past five centuries is an indispensable resource for the twenty-first century Christian.
		The modern church bears little resemblance to the early church or the church of the Reformation.
		This book is a collection of essays from some of the greatest Reformed thinkers past and present on the call and duty of the Church.
	www.monergismbooks.com /churcheffeminate.html (212 words)

	Jesus First - Hope and a Future for the LCMS
		However, I have ultimately concluded that their fixation on “purity of doctrine and practice” with a determination to judge and control at every level of the church has brought an alien spirit into our midst.
		Luther’s 152l treatise on “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church” called to mind both Jeremiah 29:11 and the current situation in the LCMS.
		Otherwise, our Babylonian captivity may extend indefinitely to the detriment of the Gospel.
	www.jesusfirst.net /2003Dec03.htm (415 words)

	VirtueOnline-News - Theology, Research ... - The Pelagian Captivity of the Church - by R.C. Sproul
		The Church concluded that there still remains this freedom that is intact in the human will and that man must cooperate with - and assent to - the prevenient grace that is offered to them by God.
		While Jesus told His Church to do all kinds of things in every place, the one thing they were not to do is to not pass ultimate judgement upon a man. The Roman Catholic Church, however, became the ultimate judge of virtually all men, and doing an abismal job of it.
		One couldn't be in the Church, and perhaps even live, if he were not in the good graces of the pope.
	www.virtueonline.org /portal/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2246 (7063 words)

	luther (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		By 1520 he was in open conflict with Church authorities in Rome.
		OF THIS sacrament the Church of Christ knows nothing; it was invented by the church of the Pope.
		In fine, the sacrament of orders has been and is a most admirable engine for the establishment of all those monstrous evils which have hitherto been wrought, and are yet being wrought, in the Church.
	users.rcn.com /skutsch/skutschnet/sva/luther.html (570 words)

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