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Topic: Onchocerca volvulus

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	Volvulus
		In volvulus, twisting may result from an anomaly of rotation, an ingested foreign body, or an adhesion; in some cases, however, the cause is unknown.
		Volvulus usually occurs in a bowel segment with a mesentery long enough to twist.
		For adults with sigmoid volvulus, a flexible sigmoidoscopy examination is performed to check for infarction, and nonsurgical treatment includes reduction by careful insertion of a sigmoidoscope or a long rectal tube to deflate the bowel.
	www.health-care-clinic.org /diseases/volvulus.html (373 words)

	Filariasis \| 4 Onchocerciasis
		The principal characteristics of the condition are pruritic dermatitis, subcutaneous nodules and ocular lesions.
		In Yemen, a syndrome of unilateral or bilateral maculopapular pruritic onchocerca dermatitis of the legs is found with hyperpigmentation and inguinal lymph node enlargement, known as "Sowda".
		volvulus microfilariae are found in the blood and in the urine.
	www.itg.be /itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/41_Filariasisp4.htm (3524 words)

	Filaria Journal \| Full text \| The chromosomes of the Filariae
		Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti have estimated haploid genomes of 1.5 and 0.81 × 10
		volvulus have indicated a mean of 280 nucleii in microfilariae and approximately 900 in L3s [10].
		Miller MJ: Observations on spermatogenesis in Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti.
	www.filariajournal.com /content/4/1/10 (3305 words)

	* Volvulus - (Disease): Definition
		A volvulus -- in this case occuring in childhood -- is a twisting of the bowel with obstruction of the flow of material through the bowel, variable loss of blood supply, and possible tissue death...
		Parasitic infestation caused by filamentous worms of the genus Onchocerca, especially O. volvulus, that is found in tropical America and is transmitted by several types of flflies.
		or onchocerciasis, disease caused by the parasitic nematode worm Onchocerca volvulus.
	en.mimi.hu /disease/volvulus.html (247 words)

	Onchocerca volvulus
		Onchocerca volvulus has, for many years, been regarded as the causative agent of River Blindness.
		Reports in 2002 indicate that the bacterium Wolbachia, which is associated with the nematodes and which may be required for their growth and reproduction, has a major role in the pathology of the disease.
		Human onchocerciasis is caused by the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus whose life cycle occurs in two different hosts: fl flies, and human.
	plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu /nemaplex/Taxadata/Ovolvulus.HTM (1070 words)

	Thomas Jefferson University - Faculty Research Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Multivalent vaccines are being developed against Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness.
		Onchocerca volvulus fructose 1,6 biphosphate aldolase: a parasite glycolytic enzyme as target for protective human immune response.
		Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil-dependent protective immunity to larval Onchocerca volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae.
	www.jefferson.edu /facint/details.cfm?UserSelected=dxa112 (1856 words)

	Filaria Journal \| Full text \| Obligatory symbiotic Wolbachiaendobacteria are absent from Loa loa
		Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus were studied by electron microscopy, histology with silver staining, and immunohistology using antibodies against WSP, Wolbachia aspartate aminotransferase, and heat shock protein 60.
		For the interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in areas endemic for onchocerciasis and loiasis an alternative treatment with doxycycline may be useful when ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine cannot be used for onchocerciasis patients with high microfilariae loads of L.
		Fischer P, Bonow I, Buttner DW, Kamal IH, Liebau E: An aspartate aminotransferase of Wolbachia endobacteria from Onchocerca volvulus is recognized by IgG1 antibodies from residents of endemic areas.
	www.filariajournal.com /content/2/1/10 (5556 words)

	Jahresbericht 1996
		The skin-dwelling O. volvulus microfilariae are the causative agents for immediate hypersensitivity reactions leading to acute and chronic dermatitis in onchocerciasis.
		Crude extract of O. volvulus females (OvE) was examined for chemotactic activity towards peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes from healthy individuals by use of an endogenous component (b-glucuronidase) chemotactic assay in Boyden chambers.
		To examine the effect of co-infection with O. volvulus and HIV on the immune response we studied T cell responses in 63 persons infected with O. volvulus and/or HIV-1 from Kabarole district in western Uganda.
	www.bni.uni-hamburg.de /bni/bni2/english/annualrep/1996/jb11_ger.html (2391 words)

	Onchocerciasis research - KIT Biomedical Research - KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Onchocerca volvulus is a tissue-dwelling nematode and the causative agent of onchocerciasis or river blindness.
		This PCR can be used for the sensitive detection of Onchocerca volvulus in small skin snips taken from patients suspected for onchocerciasis.
		Moreover, the PCR may be used to detect the presence of Onchocerca volvulus in pools of flflies.
	www.kit.nl /biomedical_research/html/onchocerciasis.asp (407 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		vol´vulus a common parasite of humans that breeds in fast-flowing rivers and streams in tropical regions of the Americas and Africa, particularly West Africa.
		(ong”ko-sər-ki´ə-sis) [Onchocerca + -iasis] infection with filarial nematodes (worms) of the genus Onchocerca.
		(ong”ko-sər-ko´mə) [Onchocerca + -oma] a firm, usually freely movable and nontender subcutaneous nodule containing a tangled mass of adult Onchocerca volvulus worms; seen in onchocerciasis.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_o_03zPzhtm (3320 words)

	Unnasch, Thomas R.
		Our laboratory is devoted to the study of Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis.
		volvulus homologues of human autoantigens in the development of ocular pathology in response to infection.
		Yamèogo, L. Toè, L. Hougard, J-M. Boatin, B.A. and Unnasch, T.R. (1999) Pool Screen PCR for estimating the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in Simulium damnosum sensu lato: Results of a field trial in an area subject to successful vector control.
	main.uab.edu /show.asp?durki=5434 (362 words)

	Pathogenesis of Onchocercal Keratitis (River Blindness) -- Hall and Pearlman 12 (3): 445 -- Clinical Microbiology ...
		IL-4- and IL-5-dependent immunity to Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae in BALB/cBYJ mice.
		Identification of an epitope of a recombinant Onchocerca volvulus protein that induces corneal pathology.
		Onchocerca volvulus DNA probe classification correlates with epidemiologic patterns of blindness.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/12/3/445 (5083 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		Use of the recombinant Onchocerca volvulus protein Ov20/OvS1 for the immunodiagnostic differentiation between onchocerciasis and mansonelliasis and for the characterization of hyperreactive onchocerciasis (sowda).
		Immunodiagnostic studies on Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infections using a recombinant 33 kDa O.
		Characterisation of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and development of a PCR-based method for their detection in skin biopsies.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=387 (843 words)

	Nematoda
		A photomicrograph revealing the histology of Onchocerca volvulus developing in a Black Fly, Simulium ochraceum.
		This is an illustration of the life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus, one of the causal agents of Filariasis.
		This is a glycerine mount photomicrograph of the microfilarial pathogen Onchocerca volvulus in its larval form.
	www.medicalhealthcareinfo.com /categories/Nematoda (1371 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Zimmerman, Peter
		This has been confounded by the presence of closely related zoophilic Onchocerca species and because of the limited utility of morphological features and biochemical markers in identifying these parasites.
		Previously, DNA probes were identified which were capable of distinguishing O. volvulus from other Onchocerca species (Meredith et al., 1989), and savannah from forest O. volvulus (Erttmann et al., 1987 and 1990).
		The O. volvulus forest and savannah O-150 probes were then tested across extensive regions of West Africa to determine if associations between savannah O. volvulus and severely blinding onchocerciasis and, forest O. volvulus and less pathogenic onchocerciasis could be substantiated.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=case1056550224 (371 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 92
		Onchocerca volvulus is a typical filarial nematode that is primarily a parasite of humans.
		Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial worm that is transmitted to humans by flflies (Simulium).
		The microfilariae are slightly smaller than those of W bancrofti and B malayi and differ from them in lacking a sheath, having a different nuclear arrangement, and not usually being found in the blood.
	www.gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch092.htm (3588 words)

	Wolbachia, drug effects
		We show that targeting of Wolbachia spp bacteria in Onchocerca volvulus filariae by doxycycline leads to sterility of adult worms to an extent not seen with drugs used against onchocerciasis, a leading cause of blindness in African countries.
		We have been using the African bovine parasite Onchocerca ochengi as a chemotherapeutic model for O. volvulus, the causal organism of 'river blindness' in humans, for which there is no safe and effective drug lethal to adult worms.
		In contrast, in patients treated with doxycycline to eliminate the endobacteria from O. volvulus and to render the worms sterile, the neutrophil accumulation around live adult filariae was drastically reduced.
	lib.bioinfo.pl /meid:13044 (2496 words)

	The nodule-forming process of Onchocerca volvulus (ExploSYS)
		volvulus can aggregate in a nodule which then may increase to the size of a walnut and can be diagnosed by palpation.
		volvulus is applicable to investigations into palpation data which -although often available with high sample sizes- have not been analysed.
		volvulus isolated from the nodules subsequent to surgery (nodulectomy).
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /modeling/Mod_Oncho_Nodules_en.html (393 words)

	Onchocerca volvulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Human onchocerciasis is caused by the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus.
		They infect their fly vectors while the flies are feeding on the human host and mature into stage three infective larvae in the flies' flight muscles (in about 10 days).
		It is suggested that this phenomenon occurs because the larvae are immobilized in these locations (while the host is sleeping) long enough for them to be trapped by the body's cellular defense mechanisms.
	nema.cap.ed.ac.uk /fgn/pnb/oncvol.html (563 words)

	OV20WEB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Ov20 protein of Onchocerca volvulus induces collagen synthesis by a fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner, whereas a homologous protein from a non-nodule forming parasite does not.
		Cells of the human osteosarcoma fibroblast cell line MG-63 (1.5 x 104 cells/ml) were incubated alone, or with the retinol binding proteins of Onchocerca volvulus (Ov20) or Brugia malayi (Bm20) at 200, 400, and 500 picomolar concentrations for 72 hours.
		The adult parasites of Onchocerca volvulus induce the formation of collagenous nodules from which microfilariae emerge, and Ov20 is detectable within the matrix of the nodules in quantity.
	www.chem.gla.ac.uk /~alanc/ov20coll.htm (374 words)

	In utero exposure to Onchocerca volvulus: relationship to subsequent infection intensity and cellular immune ...
		In utero exposure to Onchocerca volvulus: relationship to subsequent infection intensity and cellular immune responsiveness.
		Afro-Ecuadorian individuals from an area where Onchocerca volvulus is hyperendemic have been monitored for infection over the past 16 years.
		To determine whether in utero exposure to O. volvulus biases a child's subsequent immune responses, children (9 to 16 years old) for whom the mother's infection status was known were chosen for study.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/mar/M9730993.html (387 words)

	A novel type of glutathione S-transferase in Onchocerca volvulus. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A novel type of glutathione S-transferase in Onchocerca volvulus.Onchocerca volvulus is a pathogenic human filarial parasite which, like other helminth parasites, is capable of evading the host's immune responses by a variety of defense mechanisms which are likely to include the detoxification and repair mechanisms of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST).
		When the complete O. volvulus GST1 (OvGST1) sequence presented here is compared with those of other GSTs, 50 additional residues at the N terminus are observed, the first 25 showing characteristics of a signal peptide.
		The strongest immunostaining for OvGST1 was observed in the outer cellular covering of the adult worm body, the syncytial hypodermis, especially in the interchordal hypodermis, where the peripheral membrane forms a series of lamellae which run into the outer zone of the hypodermal cytoplasm.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/7902385.html (293 words)

	Pathogen of the Week - The Daily Californian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Although it is commonly referred to as River Blindness, genital debilitation, depigmentation of the skin, severe rashes and elephantiasis, in addition to blindness, are all symptoms of onchocerciasis.
		The adult Onchocerca volvulus filaria parasites have an average lifespan of 12 years, during which they will produce millions of microscopic embryos that travel throughout the bloodstream, wreaking havoc on everything from optic nerves to your lymphatic system.
		Elephantiasis, also caused by Onchocerca volvulus, is a condition where the male testes swell up to 50 times their normal size.
	www.dailycal.org /article.php?id=14936 (461 words)

	tiss - tübinger internet seminar server
		Onchocerca volvulus cDNA libraries and partial characterization of the cDNA for a major antigen.
		Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae from the Cameroonian rain forest and savanna.
		Onchocerca ochengi infestation in cattle in the Adamaoua Plateau, Cameroon.
	www.vektorbiologie.uni-tuebingen.de /publikationen.html (1097 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Determann, A. Electron-microscope observations on Onchocerca ochengi and Onchocerca fasciata (Nematoda, Filaiodoidea).
		Pearlman, E. Identification of an epitope of a recombinant Onchocerca volvulus protein that induces corneal pathology.
		Sakwe, A. Evidence for increased hydroxylation of pyrrolodone amino-acid-residues in the cuticle of mature Onchocerca volvulus.
	www.belmont.edu /Science/Biology/cienews/CIE.v60.N97.html (7567 words)

	Onchocerciasis
		The flfly, Simulium damnosum, the vector of Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite which causes onchocerciasis (river blindness).
		A parasitic worm, Onchocerca volvulus, of the family filariidae, which lives in the human body for up to 14 years.
		Onchocerca volvulus: nodules (removed from under the skin of infected people) contain the adult worms.
	www.icp.ucl.ac.be /~opperd/parasites/onch1.html (772 words)

	The effects of ivermectin on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus -- Cupp et al. 231 (4739): 740 -- Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The effects of ivermectin on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus -- Cupp et al.
		Ivermectin, given to onchocerciasis patients as a single oral dose of 200 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, substantially reduced the uptake of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae by Simulium yahense, an efficient fl fly vector of the parasite in the tropical rain forests of West Africa.
		These results strongly suggest that ivermectin could be effective in interrupting transmission of Onchocerca volvulus for epidemiologically important periods of time.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/231/4739/740 (328 words)

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