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Topic: One drop rule

	One-drop theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The one-drop theory (or one-drop rule) is a colloquial term for the standard—found throughout the United States of America—that holds that a person with even one drop of non-white ancestry should be classified as "colored", especially for the purposes of laws forbidding interracial marriage.
		One-drop theory is still influential in the U.S.—by de facto American color standards, a multiracial person with fl heritage is considered fl unless they declare themselves otherwise, identifying instead as white, mixed-race or Native American, for example (different color standards can be seen in countries such as Brazil).
		As such, the "one-drop rule" has been seen as a way to codify social prejudices into legal and pseudo-biological strictures, rather than an expression of any scientific fact.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/One-drop_rule (812 words)

	One-drop rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The "one-drop rule" in American race relations is the colloquial term for the standard that held that a person with even one drop of fl blood was classified as an African-American.
		The "rule" still influences the U.S. today--by de facto American color standards, a multiracial person with fl heritage is considered fl until they preemptively declare themselves otherwise--identifying, instead as white or Native American, for example.
		The one-drop rule is a product of the American slavery system--it widened the pool of possible slaves, and reduced the possibility (horrifying to racist whites) that over generations African-Americans would drift into the white column.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/o/on/one_drop_rule.html (251 words)

	The Invention of the One-Drop Rule--The Color Line and The One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And so the origin of the one-drop rule as an idea in the public mind must be sought in cases where the concept was argued in court, even though higher courts might have rejected it.
		The one-drop rule first appeared in popular literature in novels and plays about “passing for white.” This is because the concept of “passing for white” is an inseparable aspect of the one-drop rule.
		Cultures that lack a one-drop rule lack the idea of “passing for white.” Indeed, as mentioned in another essay, the very concept of “passing for white” is virtually unintelligible to people who were raised outside of the United States.
	backintyme.com /Essay050401.htm (7373 words)

	frontline: jefferson's blood: mixed race america: who is black? one nation's definition \| PBS
		At present the usual statement of the one-drop rule is in terms of "fl blood" or fl ancestry, while not so long ago it referred to "Negro blood" or ancestry.
		Because fls are defined according to the one-drop rule, they are a socially constructed category in which there is wide variation in racial traits and therefore not a race group in the scientific sense.
		The one-drop rule has long been taken for granted throughout the United States by whites and fls alike, and the federal courts have taken "judicial notice" of it as being a matter of common knowledge.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/mixed/onedrop.html (1655 words)

	INTERRACIAL VOICE - Guest Editorial
		It is this genetic profile which the one-drop rule defends as pure by seeking to maintain, and which a mixed-race Buddhism clearly rejects in rejecting the one-drop rule; but which one-drop apologists in opposing mixed-race Buddhism and defending the one-drop rule, clearly also supports.
		A clear distortion of science to support the state's credo, the one-drop rule is the principle of laissez faire applied to biology, for superstructure (cultural character in this case, economics in the other) is generated not by intention but by an invisible, inherent demiurge.
		To assert an equality of biological inheritance is to correct the total imbalance of the one-drop rule which gives the false impression that the mixed race fall squarely within an "African race," and thus have no claim to their non-African ancestries.
	www.webcom.com /intvoice/liam2.html (3065 words)

	United Press International - Washington Politics & Policy - Analysis: White prof finds he's not -- 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Despite the notorious arbitrariness of the "one drop" rule, the actual American population conforms to its strictures surprisingly closely.
		Granted, the "one drop" rule would be laughed out of existence if anyone attempted to impose it on a land with a more genetically blended population, such as Puerto Rico (which Shriver has begun to study).
		Thus, the "one drop" rule helped make African-Americans and European-Americans into two social groups whose members -- despite sometimes being highly varied in ancestry -- are perhaps more distinct on average in their family trees than the arbitrariness of the "one drop" would lead you to initially assume.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=15042002-084051-5356r (2079 words)

	Who is Black? by F. James Davis
		Her experience has taught her that, despite the racial purity laws and the one-drop rule, race is a social construct rather than a biological fact.
		That rule faces a greater challenge in the fl-white marriages of recent decades, the large majority of which involve a fl father and a white mother.Many of these wives do not want their children to have to deny their mother’s ancestry.
		The Hawaiian rule confers on racially mixed persons a status equal to that of all parent groups, enabling one to acknowledge and be proud of all of one’s ancestries.
	www.psupress.org /Justataste/samplechapters/justatasteDavis.html (4506 words)

	INTERRACIAL VOICE - Point-CounterPoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Her understanding of the 'one-drop rule' is that it was designed to increase the number of slaves in this country.
		From: Xyia22@aol.com Subject: one drop rule Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2002 I don't understand this, why must we fight to determine why we are different and whose fault it is that we believe this or that.
		From: Trinicutee@aol.com Subject: "one drop rule" Date: Mon, 6 Jan 2003 Well...historically the one drop rule was established in the United States by Whites.
	www.webcom.com /~intvoice/point56.html (17818 words)

	The "One-Drop" Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By his standards, codified by the General Assembly in the 1924 Racial Integrity Act, one drop of Negro blood would cause a person to be categorized as fl.
		He was forced to finesse the equivalent of one drop of Indian blood, however.
		Many of the so-called "First Families of Virginia" traced their ancestry back to the son of Pocahontas and John Rolfe, and were proud of their connection to what they considered to be Native American royalty.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /population/onedrop.html (427 words)

	Taking a Closer Look at the ‘One Drop Rule’
		Seen thus, the one-drop rule is not necessarily connected to “racism.” Mary C. Walker of 1988 Denver had blonde hair, blue eyes, and a pink skin and yet she was accepted as Black and received Affirmative Action benefits because local Black community leaders accepted that she had an invisible drop of Black blood in her.
		Getting back to one-drop, the evidence shows that the one-drop rule’s rise was unrelated to slavery; the one-drop rule did not become widespread until around 1910, a half-century after slavery had ended.
		Instead, the best evidence of the rise of the one-drop rule comes from the 300 legal cases held between 1770 and 1990 to determine people’s “racial identity,” where appellate judges wrote down the reasoning behind their decisions ruling someone to be White or Black.
	mulattonationtimes.tripod.com /articles/OneDrop.htm (7678 words)

	is there a one drop rule for being hispanic? - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		The "one drop rule" came around largely b/c masters sexually molested their slaves and wanted to keep the resulting children as slaves.
		Rules are bullshit, especially when they put an individual in one or the other corner.
		My "rule of thumb" in that matter is simple: if you consider yourself to be X (Hispanic, Jewish, Polish, Star Trek Fan, Gay,Republican), you possibly are X. If X group also think you are X, then you definitely are.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=7474 (660 words)

	The Antebellum South Rejects the One-Drop Rule--The Color Line and the One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For the third time, a one-drop rule of color-line determination was argued in a Southern court, in defiance of a statutory blood-fraction rule.
		In practice a one-drop rule had triumphed, but the prosecution’s rhetoric was based on the defendant having a measurable fraction of recent African ancestry.
		The one-drop rule can be accepted only by a public that is either: ignorantly confident that it has no African ancestry (as in the 1830s North), or one that has forgotten its own genealogy (as in the Jim Crow South).
	backintyme.com /Essay041115.htm (4826 words)

	L.A. police to record racial data
		This idea imparted an artificial clarity to the idea of race, and became the basis of the laws, conventions and etiquette of slavery, then of segregation and subsequently of today’s identity politics, in which one’s civic identity is a function of one’s race (or ethnicity, or gender, or sexual preference).
		Furthermore, by the “one drop” rule, the children he and his Irish wife have had are fl.
		It is morally offensive and, the “one drop” rule notwithstanding, preposterous for a child of such a marriage to be required to choose to “be” the race of just one parent.
	www.acrc1.org /one_drop.htm (946 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - Question about the "One Drop Rule"?White people ONLY!!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I don't think its a rule whites came up with, cats that have ANY fl blood in them usually say they are fl, I know a ton of mixed kids, and most say they fl, a few say they are mixed, NONE of them say that they're white.
		the rule is stupid, but is propogated in many societal institutions, mainly the ones that ask for 'race' disctintions on paperwork (college apps, etc).
		the 1 drop rule was actually one of the more tame laws.......there was worse...I tend to forget about the one drop rule becuase its so stupid.
	forums.sohh.com /showthread.php?t=317817 (902 words)

	Race - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example is the "one-drop rule" implemented in some state laws that treated anyone with a single known African American ancestor as fl (Davis 2001).
		The government considered anyone with "one drop" of "Black blood" (or indigenous African ancestry) to be Black.
		A further consequence of the absence of a descent rule was that Brazilians apparently not only disagreed about the racial identity of specific individuals, but they also seemed to be in disagreement about the abstract meaning of the racial terms as defined by words and phrases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Race (12784 words)

	Painting by Number - The Harvard Political Review - United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The simple principle, which for centuries distinguished between Black and White, says that a single drop of Black blood is enough for a citizen to be counted as Black.
		The very existence of a multiracial option marks the long overdue death of the rule; those who were relegated to one race now have the clear choice to defy it.
		That social fact will remain until the contentious issues of the one-drop rule and preference programs are resolved.
	www.hpronline.org /news/2001/06/01/bunitedStatesb/Painting.By.Number-83268.shtml (1230 words)

	One Drop rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One Drop Rule: This rule was created during the time of slavery in our country.
		The rule basically stated that a person with as little as one drop of fl blood in their heritage was to be considered fl.
		When speaking of Chambers, Twain refers directly to the One Drop Rule when he writes, "[Roxy's] child was thirty-one parts white, and he, too, was a slave and, by a fiction of law and custom, a negro" (Twain, p.
	barney.gonzaga.edu /~tmarsh/engl413/One%20Drop%20rule (429 words)

	Sweet (2005) Features of Today's One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Definition explains that the one-drop rule is hypodescent taken to absurd conclusion—that someone with trivial African ancestry is considered Black.
		Some Evidence Disputes the One-Drop Rule’s Universality presents recent cases to show that nowadays the one-drop rule is often rejected by Blacks and Whites alike.
		Finally, The Future examines census data as to how interracial parents label their children to conclude that the one-drop rule may possibly become less fashionable in the coming decades, although advocating it will continue to be a lucrative practice.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103413134 (187 words)

	Features of Today's One-Drop Rule--The Color Line and the One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To others, “one-drop rule” refers to the U.S. folkloric belief that anyone who has even one drop of African blood in his veins is marked by some subtle physical trait, a clue that reveals the African ancestry.
		Some suggest that the strength of the one-drop rule many be due to the fact that both civil and criminal federal and state courts engaged in affirmative action cases today enforce the one-drop rule as the law of the land.
		It seems evident that many academics claim that the one-drop rule is hegemonic today, and that most see it as related to “racism.” They claim that the one-drop rule is used by Whites to apply “racism,” or by Blacks to resist “racism,” or that it somehow serves both purposes at once.
	backintyme.com /Essay050301.htm (9548 words)

	"One Drop of Blood", by Lawrence Wright
		The antebellum South promoted the rule as a way of enlarging the slave population with the children of slave holders.
		By the nineteen-twenties, in Jim Crow America the one- drop rule was well established as the law of the land.
		He says of the one-drop rule, "It is so embedded in our perception and policy, but it doesn't allow for the blurring that is the reality of our population.
	www.afn.org /~dks/race/wright.html (5712 words)

	One-drop theory -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This standard has also been applied to people with (Any member of the peoples living in North or South America before the Europeans arrived) Native American ancestry.
		Additionally, the rule served to both draft individuals of partial African-American descent into the South's system of slavery and to act as a form of caste demotion, mandating that mixed-raced individuals deny a portion of their heritage.
		In essence, the ideology behind the theory holds that fl ancestry is a taint.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/on/one-drop_theory.htm (354 words)

	One-drop Rule Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/One-drop_rule (985 words)

	What Is "The One-Drop Rule"?
		"The One-Drop Rule" means that it only takes one drop of African blood to make one African American.
		Even if "The One-Drop Rule" began as an economic rationalization, the racism it produced permeated every aspect of American life.
		The master race, as the Nazis came to call their ruling elite, had to be physically and racially "pure." The absurdities and contradictions this racist ideology produced, and continues to produce, are obvious.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/blackfacts/rc20030129drop.asp (335 words)

	INTERRACIAL VOICE - Guest Editorial
		Nevertheless, that the fate of the one-drop rule is in the hands of biracial Americans of European phenotype.
		In 1940 South Carolina, at the height of the Jim Crow era when the one-drop rule was the supreme law of the land (at least on paper), Louetta Chassereau, an orphaned infant of known, documented, but invisible African ancestry was placed in a White orphanage and adopted by a White family.
		Debate over the one-drop rule is often couched in scientific terminology, referring to genetic "dominance" or to the detection of ethno-racially correlated DNA polymorphisms.
	www.interracialvoice.com /sweet16.html (12405 words)

	Sweet (2004) The Antebellum South Rejects the One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Early in this period, which side of the endogamous color line you were on depended on the rule of blood fraction as modified by the rule of physical appearance and the rule of association.10 Eston Hemings, like his wife Julia Isaacs and her uncle James West, were accepted as White despite slight Black ancestry.
		Step by step, the one-drop rule spread deeper into the slave states.
		By 1865, the upper South had apparently become comfortable with a one-drop rule in practice, while still paying lip service to the old blood-fraction laws in theory.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103409896 (188 words)

	Antebellum Louisiana and Alabama--The Color Line and the One-Drop Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Barrow, 1819 ruled that a woman with one Black great-grandparent and seven White ones was Black and so could not testify in a case involving the White father of her own children.
		The evidence shews that she possessed these qualities very defectively, if at all.” Regarding the witness, the court ruled that, “The bill of exceptions does not state whether she was a negro, or mulatto.
		After the triumph of the one-drop rule, merely being of one hundred percent European ancestry would not mandate White group membership—there may have been “racial” mixing in Europe.
	backintyme.com /Essay041015.htm (5501 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - For idiots who believe in the one drop rule
		Most fls in the US wouldn't be considered fl if not for the one drop rule.
		it is the case...lol@ you thinking jay-z has one drop of fl, anyway if you believe they are fl you believe bill clinton, david lettermen are fl because we all decend from fls
		It's only white racists and self-conscious fls who feel the need to cast out the fishing net (anchor?) as wide as they possibly can and round up anyone whose grandmother's former roommate was fl for the group.
	forums.sohh.com /showthread.php?t=336738 (603 words)

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