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	Kliper (Clipper) spacecraft
		Given virtually nonexistent chances of obtaining funding for the Onega, RKK Energia considered the operational Zenit booster with similar capabilities, as well as yet-to-be built Angara-3 rocket.
		The Soyuz-3 rocket was also considered as the alternative.
		In the original concept, the Kliper would be topped with the emergency escape rocket, which would pull the glider away from the failing booster during the launch, as it was done onboard the Soyuz spacecraft.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /kliper.html (906 words)

	The R-7 family of launchers
		The Soyuz, the most recognizable Russian rocket, is only one of several space boosters, which derived from the R-7 ballistic missile developed in the mid-1950s.
		On Wednesday, Oct. 16, Russian officials said the launch of the Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft, which is to use the Soyuz FG rocket could be delayed, pending the investigation of the Plesetsk crash.
		The Soyuz FG rocket followed a standard trajectory to reach orbit with the inclination 51.6 degrees to the Equator.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz_lv.html (5849 words)

	Untitled Document
		In my opinion, neither a rocket Zenith, nor a rocket Angara 3, a rocket Onega do not meet the requirements to a rocket lifting on an orbit a perspective spacecraft the Clipper, neither on reliability, nor at cost, on mass character of release.
		Advantage of the project of a rocket the Clipper before the project a rocket Yamal and a rocket the Aurora.
		As the first step six lateral missile stages Soyuz-U or rockets Soyuz-2 (instead of four as at these rockets) are used.
	www.okbmorozov.spb.ru /OSNOVNAIA/english/GLAVNAIA/Proekts/Kliper.htm (856 words)

	Kliper
		Launch vehicle: The Onega, a hitherto-unrevealed massive improvement of the reliable Soyuz-U. In order to achieve a payload double that of the current vehicle, it would seem a high-energy Lox/LH2 upper stage would be needed.
		A launch fairing, on which were mounted solid rocket motors that would push the glider away from the launch vehicle in an emergency.
		The proposal for the Onega booster would seem to be a bid to reopen the competition, by proposing a 'lower cost' launch vehicle using proven R-7 technology.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/kliper.htm (1644 words)

	Kliper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is made possible by constructing the reentry module broader than the orbital module, so that a pair of rocket nozzles for orbital maneuvering can be fitted alongside it, as the later Salyut space stations had.
		At present the Soyuz rocket will not be able to lift Kliper into lower earth orbit, because the spacecraft (the version designed without Parom) is expected to weigh between 13 and 14.5 metric tons (with payload and crew) whereas Soyuz only has a lifting capacity of around 8 metric tons.
		It was originally planned to heavily enhance the Soyuz rocket - a project that was labelled the Onega rocket or Soyuz-3.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kliper (3044 words)

	S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - LAUNCHERS
		Our team was formed by the first chief designer of the rocket and space systems, the farther of the practical space science, academician Sergei Pavlovich Korolev who was assigned the task of developing the first long-range ballistic missiles in our country.
		A special place among all the projects carried out by our company is occupied by the development of the one-of-a-kind super-heavy LV Energia with load-carrying capacity of up to 100 tons, which is still unparalleled in world in some of its engineering solutions.
		The work on the rocket and space system based on medium-class LV Aurora was performed by the Corporation using the usual subcontractors for Soyuz LV under a contract with the Asia-Pacific Space Center of Australia, but was suspended in 2002 because the customer had problems with the funding.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/launchers/history.html (735 words)

	Europe pledges support for planned Russian spacecraft - Forums powered by UBBThreads™ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Kliper was originally designed to be launched by the Onega, an R-7 upgrade but since funding for that never got off the ground Energia stripped down the Kliper and cut it’s capabilities to fit the Ukrainian Zenit.
		Onega stays in papers, while Angara is being funded by the military, even some pieces of hardware were built.
		In reality whether the Kliper will be launched on Onega, Zenith, Angara, or even Ariane V is still to be decided, and you guess is as good (probably better) than mine.
	uplink.space.com /showflat.php?Board=missions&Number=242156 (2050 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The most advanced vehicle in the Soviet rocket fleet, the Zenit was essentially vanished from the Russian space program, when the collapse of the USSR left its prime manufacturer in the newly independent republic of Ukraine.
		If they go with Onega I think they should also look into bringing back Energia, or better yet, develop the Ariane V into something like Energia, the two are very much alike in appearace already.
		Onega is pretty much out of the picture now, with the redesigned lighter klipper, its not needed.
	www.orbitersim.com /v2/read.asp?id=24775 (3367 words)

	Archives: Story
		Among Monday s dead was the Hamas chief in northern Gaza, which Israeli tanks and troops stormed last week in retaliation for a rocket attack by the Islamic terrorist group that killed two toddlers in the southern Israeli town of Sderot.
		Last Friday, city legislators voted not to punish Mirta Onega, who in May called a staff member a "shitty Jew." The comments were taped by a hidden video camera.
		The Palestinian death toll from an Israeli military crackdown on rocket crews in the Gaza Strip passed 50.
	www.clevelandjewishnews.com /articles/2004/10/04/news/world/aaa.txt (2165 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| New space shuttle will be able to land in Russia, rather than Kazakhstan
		The deputy chief designer of Russia's Energiya space rocket corporation, Nikolay Bryukhanov, says the corporation is developing a new six-man space shuttle, called Kliper (Clipper), which, at over 14 tonnes, will be twice as heavy as the present vehicle used to ferry cosmonauts into space.
		The Onega carrier- rocket that will lift the Kliper into orbit is an upgraded version, but it is nevertheless the same, good old Soyuz - the world's most reliable carrier-rocket.
		The craft is attached to the rocket without the addition of deflector shields.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=45873 (669 words)

	Yorkshire CND - Squeezing Ukraine In Space - 18/12/05
		Besides, Ukrainian rockets, apart from Sea Launch, lift off from the Baikonur space center, which is on a long-term lease to Russia.
		Considering its contribution to the manufacture of the rocket and development of the launch complex, Russia's share of profits from the commercial use of the Zenit-M will be 70 percent, compared with Ukraine's 30 percent.
		In line with that, Russia was to abandon the development of its own Onega rocket.
	cndyorks.gn.apc.org /yspace/articles/squeezing_ukraine.htm (1197 words)

	KELDYSH RESEARCH CENTER
		Piloted rockets' recoverable stages are proposed to be provided with engines fulfilled to the expander cycle where a turbopump unit is driven by a turbine running on methane heated in a chamber cooling passage.
		In the upper stage of the "Onega" launcher replacement of electric pumps in STPS by pneumatic pump units allows GEO-inserted SC mass to be increased by ~90 kg.
		The papers outlined main tendencies of advancement of space and rocket technology for the next years and pointed to the tremendous role of KeRC in solving practically all scientific problems in development of space and rocket hardware in these organizations as well as the assistance of KeRC in training highly-skilled specialists for these organizations.
	www.kerc.msk.ru /ipg/index_e.shtml (8730 words)

	NEWS - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET & SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The project is being developed by the leaders in the Russian rocket and space industry, who have proven their worth in the work on Soyuz launch vehicle, Energia/Buran reusable space launcher system, Sea Launch system and other systems.
		Among the participants in the Council meeting were General and Chief designers, managers and representatives from the companies involved in the project, as well as representatives from organizations that provide an independent experts' assessment of the project.
		The Council of Chief designers has reviewed and approved the presented results of the Onega space launcher system design effort, and, taking into account the conclusions of independent experts, has recommended that the developers start working on the conceptual design of the system, assuming that its flight tests are to start in 2005.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/news/news-2002/news_08-01.html (271 words)

	SkyscraperCity - Russia to launch new rocket booster - Soyuz M2 "Onega"
		The rocket is designed for taking satellites to low, medium, high, solar synchronized, geo-transitional and geo-stationary orbits, and also of carrying manned and cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS), said Ivanov.
		The Soyuz-2 rocket blasted off from the Plestsesk launch pad in northern Russia carrying a mockup of an unspecified "space apparatus," the Interfax news agency reported.
		The booster is a modernized version of the Soyuz rocket, which has been a workhorse of the Soviet and then Russian space program since the 1960s and has a stellar safety record.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=146150 (1500 words)

	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Propulsion systems in Russia
		Since the earliest days of rocket development, Russia has been working on propulsion systems that could ensure that payloads are placed into highly accurate trajectories.
		The RD-170 four-chamber, recoverable liquid-propellant rocket engine with the fuel turbopump-feed system, and a vacuum thrust of 806.7 tonness and specific impulse of 337 s, still remains one of the most promising designs in this area.
		The latter is a peroxide-fuelled liquid-propellant rocket engine intended to prove feasibility of a relatively simple small-size recoverable motor to be fuelled by non-toxic, environment-friendly propellants, that could provide for essentially unlimited duration of space operation.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMWMLMKPZD_0.html (1151 words)

	LiftPort Group Discussion Boards - A group of Chinese is very interested in this project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Russian rocket engineers had spent their entire lives perfecting military liquid fuel rockets and had never favoured solid fuel.
		The rockets used in the "SE Era of Space Travel" are more likely to have much lower thrust, much higher exhaust velocity, and be capable of burning for a much longer time, like MHD/ion rockets powered by laser or microwave beaming, solar power, or nuclear power.
		That is not as big a rocket as I would have liked, but some compromise is needed--and the R-56 can grow larger if SE development doesn't pan out.
	www.liftport.com /forums/printthread.php?t=136 (6001 words)

	LiftPort Group Discussion Boards - View Single Post - A group of Chinese is very interested in this project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		R-56 was the Rocket the Soviets SHOULD have built.
		I would have them keep existing Long March rockets and add R-56 to their stable--so they will have an all hypergolic fleet--with hydrogen upper-stages coming later.
		But until then--do not neglect the rocket tech you are going to need to launch the SE to begin with.
	www.liftport.com /forums/showpost.php?p=1369&postcount=10 (1155 words)

	Kliper Did You Mean kliper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Although it is tempting to draw comparisons between Kliper and the CEV given their similarities, there is no hard evidence as yet that Kliper will be used for longer planetary missions, though there is a proposed lunar element to its mission declared by ESA.
		At present the Soyuz rocket will not be able to lift Kliper into lower earth orbit, because the spacecraft is expected to weigh between 13 and 14.5 metric tons (with payload and crew) whereas Soyuz only has a lifting capacity of around 8 metric tons.
		As of June 2005 it is unclear whether the Ariane 5 rocket, which was originally designed to bring the European Hermes shuttle into orbit, will be used as a launch vehicle due to its poor safety record.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Kliper.html (2241 words)

	The Space Fellowship :: Russia Re-thinks Kliper....again
		Splitting the spacecraft into two independent segments would enable their launches onboard a modified version of the Soyuz rocket, which has been a workhorse of the Russian manned spaceflight for decades.
		Hard to think of R-7 as a small rocket when it dwarfs the original Titans, Atlas, etc. But one Zenit has about the same thrust as the five booster R-7.
		So why don't they approach Europe - admitadly relations with Europe aren't great either, but given their was serious talk about trying to boot the Russians from the one seaport in Ukraine, I have to imagine the feels are considerably warmer between Russia and Europe than Russia and Ukraine.
	www.spacefellowship.com /Forum/viewtopic.php?t=1551 (2052 words)

	UFO Research in the USSR (Skeptical Briefs December 2000)
		Practically all the mass night UFO sightings were conclusively identified as phenomena caused by rocket launches and tests of aerospace equipment.
		The main optical mechanism of this class of UFO sighting involves the scattering of solar light on the gas-dust cloud formed by the combustion byproducts of the rocket fuel.
		Thus the most favorable conditions for such observations are under twilight conditions, when the path of the a rocket lies in the region illuminated by the Sun, and the observer at a distance at a location still in night conditions.
	www.csicop.org /sb/2000-12/ussr.html (3975 words)

	Kliper
		Three options are being considered for booster rockets for launching the new Kliper space shuttle to orbit and they are:
		Onega, a modified Soyuz rocket from a Plesetsk launch pad.
		It is a proposed new generation rocket from Energia.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceshuttle/kliper.html (436 words)

	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Four presidents plan to set up new space corporation
		By the reports of the Russian and Kazakh media, one of the objectives of the space rocket corporation will be to build and operate the new Clipper shuttle system.
		Two are Russian and the third is Ukrainian-made, FSA deputy director Nikolai Moiseev told on September 16, 2004.
		A modified Soyuz with a high-energy resource (Onega), a new generation booster rocket Angara and the Ukrainian Zenit could be used for delivering Clipper into orbit, he said.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMG5R9DFZD_0.html (454 words)

	The fuselage of the Kliper (Clipper) spacecraft
		Some sections of the thermal protection system, such as original nose section with the attachments for the emergency escape rocket, would be expendable.
		In September 2005, Russian press reported that RKK Energia contacted Plastik plant in Syzran, the manufacturer of composite materials for Russian rocket industry, on possible cooperation in the development of the thermal protection system of the Kliper vehicle.
		A two-stage version of the Zenit booster (shown on the background, not to the scale) would also be capable of launching the Kliper.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /kliper_fuselage.html (1409 words)

	www.TsENKI.com - Select news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This automated vehicle 20.5 tons in mass will be inserted in to an orbit by Ariane-5 rocket and deliver to the space station a cargo about 7.67 tons in mass, including resource for crew, research instrumentation, water, compressed gases and propellant for refueling the engines on the stations.
		Clippers will be launched into orbit by promising Onega carrier rocket, developed by RSC Energia.
		This rocket equipped with the third stage, working on oxygen and hydrogen.
	www.tsenki.com /NewsDoSele.asp?NEWSID=397 (581 words)

	Pravda.RU:Soyuz to give way to clipper by 2010 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Clippers will be launched into orbit by Russia's Onega carrier rocket, a radically upgraded version of the Soyuz launch vehicle.
		It will be possible to launch the new space shuttle from all Russian space centers with Soyuz launch site facilities, that is from Baikonur and Plesetsk.
		In case the joint EU-Russian project of utilizing the Kourou space center facilities develops successfully, Clippers will be able to lift off from the Russian rocket launching site currently under construction on the equatorial space center Kourou in French Guiana.
	newsfromrussia.com /science/2004/02/21/52446_.html (300 words)

	A Light Read - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		At this time, the Soviet rocket program was managed by Sergei Korolev.
		rocket based on a concept of a multi-chamber engine.
		Fueling of the A-4 (V-2) rocket in Kapustin Yar.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=13496&st=15 (3133 words)

	UFO Area Mass sighting of large jellyfish-like UFO over Petrosavodsk, USSR - 1977 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Photograph of the UFOs of Petrosavodsk, above the Onega Lake, in the early morning hours of September 20, 1977.
		But it is obvious that this rocket could not have been the cause of the phenomenon: the shining jellyfish was sighted at first west of Petrosavodsk, and it moved underneath the clouds, long after the rocket had passed through the stratosphere.
		Of course, no rocket leaves behind thousands of holes in glass and asphalt.
	www.ufoarea.com /events_mass_petrosavodsk.html (1445 words)

	Discussion: ESA and Russia Get Closer - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		At present the Soyuz rocket will not be able to lift Kliper into lower earth orbit, because the spacecraft is planned to weigh between 13 and 14.5 metric tons with payload and crew whereas Soyuz only has a lifting capacity of around 8 metric tons.
		It was therefore planned to heavily enhance the Soyuz rocket - a project that was labelled the Onega rocket.
		As of June 2005 it is unclear whether the Ariane 5 rocket, that was originally designed to bring the European Hermes shuttle into orbit, will be used as a launch vehicle beside Russian launch carriers.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=26536 (1744 words)

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