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	Onion Routing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Onion Routing accomplishes this according to the principle of Chaum's Mix Cascades: messages travel from source to destination via a sequence of proxies ("onion routers"), which re-route messages in an unpredictable path.
		Onion Routing does not provide perfect sender or receiver anonymity against all possible eavesdroppers-- that is, it is possible for a local eavesdropper to observe that an individual has sent or received a message.
		To create an Onion, the Router at the head of a transmission selects a number of Onion Routers at random and generates a message for each one, providing it with symmetric keys for decrypting messages, and instructing it which Router will be next in the path.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onion_Routing (1080 words)

	Onion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Onions (usually but not exclusively the bulbs) are edible with a distinctive strong flavour and pungent odour which is mellowed and sweetened by cooking.
		Onions are one of the earliest crops mentioned in written text, in the Bible's Book of Numbers (11:5) as part of the Egyptian diet of that time.
		Onions can be used, usually chopped or sliced, in almost every type of food, including cooked foods and fresh salads, and as a spicy garnish; they are rarely eaten on their own (except in poor or traditional cultures), but usually act as accompaniment to the main course.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onion (980 words)

	Onion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Onions (usually but not exclusively the bulbs) are edible with a distinctive strong flavour and pungent odour which is mellowed by cooking.
		Onions are probably one of the oldest crops grown by humans, being mentioned in the Bible Book of Numbers (11:5) as part of the Egyptian diet of that time.
		Onions can be used, usually chopped or sliced, in almost every type of non-dessert food, including cooked foods and fresh salads, and as a spicy garnish; they are rarely eaten on their own, but usually act as accompaniment to the main course.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Onion (944 words)

	Hiding Routing Information
		He applies the forward cryptographic function and key (obtained from the onion) to data moving in the forward direction (along the route the onion traveled) and the backward cryptographic function and key to data moving in the opposite direction (along the onion's reverse route).
		If the onion is valid, it is inserted into the table, and the node then labels a new connection to the next node and passes the peeled and padded onion in a similar sequence of messages to the next node.
		In Onion Routing the header and payload of each message are crypted separately: the header is encrypted and decrypted using the connection's key, and the payload is crypted (only by the recipient) using the appropriate function/key pair associated with the virtual circuit.
	cryptome.quintessenz.at /mirror/hri.htm (5669 words)

	Onion Routing: Publications
		Onion Routing's network of core onion-routers (Mixes) is distributed, fault-tolerant, and under the control of multiple administrative domains, so no single onion-router can bring down the network or compromise a user's privacy, and cooperation between compromised onion-routers is thereby confounded.
		An onion is a data structure that is treated as the destination address by onion routers; thus, it is used to establish an anonymous connection.
		Onion Routing lives just beneath the application layer, and is designed to interface with a wide variety of unmodified Internet services by means of proxies.
	www.freehaven.net /anonbib/cache/onion-discex00.abstract (2061 words)

	Onion Routing for Anonymous Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Onion Routing relies on using Public Key Cryptography, which allows it to encrypt layers of onions such that only intended recipients of each layer can decrypt it with their private keys.
		Plus, as the entire onion is decrypted at each router, there is no correspondence on the data layer between an onion entering a router and an onion leaving the router.
		Eventually the onion is going to arrive at the onion proxy, which will decrypt it with the public keys of the routers along the chosen route to get the clear-text data.
	ganges.cs.tcd.ie /undergrad/4ba2.05/group10 (2561 words)

	[No title]
		Onion routing is a method of disguising the identity of a message sender by clever routing of information.
		Onion routing is designed to work against eavesdroppers using traffic analysis and is designed to work even in the event of compromise of one or more routers in the path.
		An onion is a multi-layered data structure that encapsulates the route of the anonymous connection starting from the responder proxy and working backward to the core proxy.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /~nemo/crypto/dickenson.doc (1279 words)

	Privacy on the Internet
		Section 4 describes how onion routing networks may be configured, and how varying the configuration changes the privacy characteristics of the network.
		An onion router that receives an onion peels off its layer, reads from that layer the name of the next hop and the cryptographic information associated with that hop in the anonymous connection, pads the embedded onion to some constant size, and sends it to the next onion router.
		The onion routing network supporting anonymous connections can be configured in several ways, including a customer-ISP model that moves privacy to the user's computer and may relieve the carrier of responsibility for the user's connections.
	www.isoc.org /inet97/proceedings/F7/F7_1.HTM (3043 words)

	side.gif (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Practically speaking, there is a group of onion routers distributed around the public network, each of which has the task of encrypting the socket connections and to act in turn as a proxy.
		According to the official project documents (www.onion-router.net), Onion Routing differs from other anonymity services in three ways: Communication is real-time and bi-directional; the anonymous connections are application-independent (as opposed to services like anonymizer.com and its ilk); and there is no centralized component.
		Yes, but it is sometimes possible, with due preparation, to attempt a coordinated approach based on the interception of data flows (for example on an ISP or at a specific point in the “normal” path of a packet) and on the forensic investigation carried out on the computer of the suspected person.
	www.ijde.org /02_fall_art3.html (2731 words)

	Onion Routing
		The Onion Routing program is made up of projects researching, designing, building, and analyzing anonymous communications systems.
		Onion Routing prevents the transport medium from knowing who is communicating with whom -- the network knows only that communication is taking place.
		The protection of Onion Routing is independent of whether the identity of the initiator of a connection (the sender) is hidden from the responder of the connection, or vice versa.
	www.onion-router.net (850 words)

	Privacy and Anonymity on the Internet
		Onion Routing is a flexible communications infrastructure that is resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis.
		Onion Routing uses well known networking and cryptographic techniques to protect both the privacy and anonymity of Internet communication against both eavesdropping and traffic analysis.
		Onion Routing differs from other anonymity services in two ways: Communication is real-time and bidirectional; and the anonymous connections are application independent.
	cryptome.quintessenz.at /mirror/onion.htm (1695 words)

	ipedia.com: Onion Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Allium cepa L. Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the genus Allium but used without qualifiers usually means Allium cepa, also called the garden onion.
		Onions are frequently used in school science laboratories because they have particularly large cells which are easily visible through an optical microscope.
		Onion cells have two sections, one with enzymes called allinases, the other with sulfides.
	www.ipedia.com /onion.html (517 words)

	Routing, bank directory routing number, routing switch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Routing by source This is probably the most used feature of policy routing.
		Routing High-performance core and WAN routing—from the data center to the...
		routing: The process of determining and prescribing the path or method to be used for establishing telephone connections or forwarding messages.
	www.internetserviceinfo.com /routing.html (1094 words)

	Tor offers onion routing for anonymity - Computer Business Review
		Developers have released what they say is the first free anonymous routing system that uses so-called "onion routing" to mask its users' addresses.
		Onion routing combines "mix" anonymity services, where multiple messages are mixed up before being sent, and "proxy" services, which provide anonymity by providing one layer of indirection.
		The idea is that users in a peer-to-peer network proxy for and encrypt each other's traffic, with three layers of redirection between the two communicating nodes.
	www.defcon.org /html/links/dc_press/archives/12/cbr_tor.htm (165 words)

	Onion Routing: Publications
		This is a complete list of all NRL publications on Onion Routing along with on-line copies where possible.
		Other publications on anonymous communication, including papers by the Onion Routing team can be found at the Free Haven Anonymity Bibliography.
		This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points.
	www.onion-router.net /Publications.html (2172 words)

	Onion Routing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Onion Routing is a technique for (Click link for more info and facts about pseudonymous) pseudonymous (or anonymous) communication over a ((computer science) a network of computers) computer network, developed by David Goldschlag, Michael Reed, and Paul Syverson.
		Each of these messages, and the messages intended for subsequent routers, is encrypted with the corresponding Router's (Click link for more info and facts about public key) public key.
		Tor provides perfect forward secrecy and moves protocol cleaning outside of the onion routing layer, making it a general purpose (A protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another) TCP transport.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/on/onion_routing.htm (1184 words)

	Onion routing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In onion routing, packets are sent through a network of randomly selected proxy servers before being delivered to their final destination.
		Onion routing accomplishes this goal by separating identification from routing.
		Onion routing can be used by a variety of unmodified Internet applications by means of proxies (non-invasive procedure) or by modifying the network protocol stack on a machine to be connected to the network (moderate or highly-invasive procedure).
	www.networkworld.com /details/7088.html (1177 words)

	5 – Onion Routing
		This translated data is then passed on to the onion proxy, which “defines a (perhaps random) route through the onion routing network by constructing a layered data structure called an onion and sending that onion through the network” [23].
		An onion router, too, is similar to a Chaum’s design [4], though it differs from a strict Chaum mix in that it is more limited in the extent to which it delays traffic because of the real-time expectations that the applications demand of socket connections [23].
		The onion proxy must retain knowledge of the topography and link state of the network, the public certificates of the nodes in the network, and the exit policies of nodes in the network to build onions and define the routes.
	zoo.cs.yale.edu /classes/cs490/00-01b/oh.jason.jeo8/section5.html (809 words)

	Onion, union lighting, buried onion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the Genus Allium but used without...
		Onion Routing is a technique for pseudonymous (or anonymous) communication...
		The goal of Onion Routing (OR) is to protect the privacy of the sender and...
	www.lookfood.com /onion.html (1223 words)

	Onion Routing Averts Prying Eyes [Archive] - Techzonez - Archive
		The Navy is financing the development of a second-generation onion-routing system called Tor, which addresses many of the flaws in the original design and makes it easier to use.
		Their goal is to blend together a wide range of users and avoid the weakness of many anonymizing services that are located on a handful of machines and vulnerable to a single point of failure.
		Companies could also use Tor for discreet competitive research, said Dingledine, or to route their employees' Web browsing so employment sites like Monster can't determine which of them are trolling for a job.
	www.techzonez.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-11104.html (807 words)

	Anonymous Connections and Onion Routing - Syverson, Goldschlag, Reed (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: Onion Routing provides anonymous connections that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis.
		Onion routing has been implemented on Sun Solaris 2.X with proxies for Web browsing, remote logins, and e-mail.
		1.4: Analyzing the Difficulties in Backtracking the Onion Router's..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /syverson97anonymous.html (480 words)

	Ready Response :: View topic - onion routing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Seems to me that although onion routing seems be a slight more secure way, it does raise a few concerns such as for an instance: it creates a cetralized traffic area for those who are privacy concerned and other non-average users.
		If they only controlled a single node in your route, they would not know who the person sending/receiving data was, or what data was being sent since it would have multiple layers of crypto still.
		The idea of this kind of routing originated in the US NRL (Naval Research Lab) and it is them financing this project..
	www.readyresponse.org /forums/viewtopic.php?p=5810 (1301 words)

	Onion Routing Averts Prying Eyes :: OSDir.com :: Open Source, Linux News & Software
		The system is based on a concept called onion routing.
		It works like this: Messages, or packets of information, are sent through a distributed network of randomly selected servers, or nodes, each of which knows only its predecessor and successor.
		OSDir is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
	osdir.com /Article1393.phtml (275 words)

	MemeStreams \| Onion Routing 2.0: tor
		This makes it hard for recipients, observers, and even the onion routers themselves to track the source of the stream.
		The complex version: Onion Routing is a connection-oriented anonymizing communication service.
		Users choose a source-routed path through a set of nodes, and negotiate a "virtual circuit" through the network, in which each node knows its predecessor and successor, but no others.
	www.memestreams.net /users/bmitchell/blogid4403033 (114 words)

	Tor: An anonymous Internet communication system
		Your traffic is safer when you use Tor, because communications are bounced around a distributed network of servers, called onion routers.
		Instead of looking at the content of your communications, traffic analysis tracks where your data goes and when, as well as how much is sent.
		In the past, Tor development was funded by contracts with the Naval Research Lab (inventor of onion routing) and the
	tor.eff.org (331 words)

	MemeStreams \| RE: Onion Routing 2.0: tor
		It's a performance tradeoff, and it is thought that even the typical padding and reordering is not sufficient.
		No mixing, padding, or traffic shaping (yet): Onion Routing originally called for batching and reordering cells as they arrived, assumed padding between ORs, and in later designs added padding between onion proxies (users) and ORs [27,41].
		Tradeoffs between padding protection and cost were discussed, and traffic shaping algorithms were theorized [49] to provide good security without expensive padding, but no concrete padding scheme was suggested.
	www.memestreams.net /users/jlang/blogid4735647 (297 words)

	…My heart’s in Accra » Tor - Onion routing and the modern dissident
		Tor - Onion routing and the modern dissident
		One of the questions I was asked (multiple times, and sometimes quite forcefully!) was why I hadn’t included the Tor (The Onion Router) network in the draft document.
		One of my complaints at the time was that TOR was a somewhat tricky install - much easier than most anonymizing technologies, but still non-trivial for a technical user.
	www.ethanzuckerman.com /blog/?p=25 (1947 words)

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