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Topic: Onondaga Reservation, New York

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		Whether New York's unauthorized acquisition of the land in 1795 subsequently was ratified by federally approved treaties in 1798 and 1802.
		Notwithstanding Section 8 of the 1793 Act, the State of New York, without federal participation or approval, negotiated directly with the Oneidas in 1795 for the purchase of some of the 300,000 acres that were reserved to them under their 1788 Treaty with the state and acknowledged by the Treaty of Canandaigua.
		In the 1788 Treaty with New York, the Oneidas ceded their lands (i.e., their right to occupy the lands) to the State; there was "reserved" from that cession some 300,000 acres, which had the effect of preserving the Oneidas' right to occupy those lands.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1984/sg840163.txt (11228 words)

	Onondaga - LoveToKnow 1911
		ONONDAGA, a tribe of North American Indians of Iroquoian stock, forming one of the Six Nations.
		The tribal headquarters was about the lake and creek of the same name in New York state.
		Of those who supported the league, the majority, after the War of Independence, settled on a reservation on Grand river, Ontario, where their descendants still are.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Onondaga (167 words)

	New York State breaks off negotiations
		The State of New York today, in a move contrary to the wishes of the Mohawks, and of the Federal Judge hearing the case, broke off negotiations for a settlement of the Mohawk land claim in Northern New York.
		The Treaty guaranteed a reservation of 36 square miles drawn on a map (in the area of the present New York reservation and the village of St. Regis), two areas of one mile squares situated around mills the Mohawks had (now in the middle of Massena and Fort Covington), and meadows on the Grass River.
		New York's decision to terminate settlement talks appears to be motivated in part by a recent Supreme Court decision in "The State of Florida vs. Seminole" granting states broad sovereign immunity from lawsuits.
	www.tuscaroras.com /pages/newyorkNA.html (1226 words)

	Gewas Schindler has lacrosse to bear for Onondaga tribe - More Sports - NY Daily News
		ONONDAGA NATION, N.Y. - It's a frigid night in the snowy hills of central New York, the quiet deep, the stars everywhere in the fl sky.
		It's 240 miles from the serenity of the Onondaga Nation reservation (or the rez, as its residents call it) to the mayhem of midtown Manhattan, but for the 30-year-old Schindler, forward for the New York Titans of the National Lacrosse League and captain of the Iroquois national team, it is entirely worth it.
		The grandson of an Onondaga chief, Schindler has big eyes and fl hair, a given name that means "Clear as the Sky" and a last name that was given to his family by the white man - probably by a census taker around the turn of the century.
	www.nydailynews.com /sports/more_sports/2007/03/18/2007-03-18_face_of_a_nation_part_i.html (1096 words)

	Mar 7/98: Conspiracy in Onondaga
		On the other hand, the New York State Supreme Court foundon May 14th 1997 that the states actions in forcing Indians to pay salestaxes on fuel and cigarettes was found to be illegal.
		New York state as a party to the action andsitting in judgment violates the natural law principles of a right to animpartial third party hearing.
		The Council of Chiefs who signed this agreement with New York State toimpose illegal taxation on the Iroquois people, have been continuouslyinvolved in a conspiracy to deprive the people of the IroquoisConfederacy of their rights under the Iroquois Constitution, and, inparticular, have not represented the best interests of the sovereignrights of the Iroquois people.
	www.kahonwes.com /newyork/mar0798a.html (1493 words)

	The Citizen, Auburn NY
		SYRACUSE - The Onondaga Indian Nation has persistently protested that New York state stole its historic territory and the tribe was blocked from its day in court for nearly two centuries by the American legal system, tribal officials said Monday.
		The Onondagas filed a lawsuit in March 2005 that laid claim to 4,000 square miles in 11 upstate New York counties stretching from Pennsylvania to Canada.
		When New York made its land deals, the Onondagas, like other tribes, were the victims of “constant political, social and economic exclusion and oppression” and faced “intense and open racism,” said Chief Oren Lyons.
	www.auburnpub.com /articles/2006/11/21/news/state/state01.txt (717 words)

	TERRA: Sacred Space
		The consequence of having New York's fourth largest city upstream of the Lake were catastrophic, and nearly resulted in a terminal diagnosis.
		New York continued to pressure Onondaga Nation to sign more treaties, and in 1795 claimed full control of the Salt Lake—a legal fiction that would persist for 200 years.
		New York began to lease Salt Springs Reservation land to businesses to produce salt, and collected a tariff on each barrel of salt produced.
	www.championtrees.org /sacredspace/Onondaga/SaltCityChakras.htm (3313 words)

	Onondaga Reservation, New York - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Onondaga Reservation is an Indian reservation in Onondaga County, New York, United States.
		New York State Route 11A is a north-south highway in the reservation.
		In the Indian reservation the population was spread out with 50.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 11.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.5% who were 65 years of age or older.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onondaga_Reservation,_New_York (400 words)

	Canku Ota - December 27, 2003 - Rescuing a language
		Onondaga was spoken by nearly all of the nation's residents until the 1920s or 1930s, Hill said.
		He said his parents spoke Onondaga at home only when they were discussing something they didn't want the children to understand or were giving their children a simple order, like go to bed.
		Onondagas have to know the language to participate in the nation's Longhouse ceremonies - which is the crux of the Onondaga culture, Gonyea said.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues03/Co12272003/CO_12272003_OnondagaRescue.htm (1554 words)

	Facts for Kids: Onondaga Indians (Onondagas)
		Yes, the Onondaga nation was one of the original members of the Iroquois League, or Kanonsionni in their own language ("league of clans.") The other member nations were the Mohawk, the Seneca, the Cayuga, and the Oneida.
		In times of war, Onondaga men often shaved their heads except for a scalplock or a crest down the center of their head--the style known as a roach or "Mohawk." Sometimes they would augment this hairstyle with splayed feathers or artificial roaches made of brightly dyed porcupine hair.
		The Onondaga and other Iroquois tribes were known for their carved masks, which are considered such a sacred art form that outsiders are still not permitted to view many of these masks.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/onondaga_kids.htm (1854 words)

	Onondaga Reservation: Can a Sovereign Nation be controlled by State Tax Laws? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		History states that the State of New York signed five so-called "treaties" with members of the Onondaga Nation in 1790, 1793, 1795, 1817, and 1822, and these treaties supposedly allowed the state to acquire all of the Nation's lands except for the 7,300-acre territory where the Nation resides today.
		For generations The Onondaga Nation and the Haudenosaunee have faced poverty in their communities, a condition worsened by the recent economic downturn in Central and Upstate New York.
		Once New York State implements a system in which they are better able to track sales on reservations to non-natives, a bill may be passed that will require those non-natives to pay taxes.
	neovox.cortland.edu /oldsite/vox/vox_09/vox_09.html (1681 words)

	Onondaga, Onondaga County, New York
		The Onondagas were unquestionably one of the most numerous and powerful of the Confederacy of the Six Nations, and they lived in and around, all that rich and favorite region, which became the heard and centre of Confederate power.
		This borough is also called Onondaga Court House Village, and Onondaga West Hill Village, and in the Table of Post-Offices, 'Onondaga C. a singular and awkward confusion of names, and is situated from Albany, 132 miles by the way of Cherry Valley, 149 by way of Utica, a little N. of west.
		I wish the people at Onondaga Hollow would take a hint from this, and let their Village be 'Onondaghara,' and that on the hill, 'Onondaga,' the capital of the County of Onondaga.
	www.rootsweb.com /~nyononda/ONONDAGA/ONONDHIS.HTM (1061 words)

	Iroquois linguist brings Onondaga language to class
		To do that, he is conducting outreach at the Onondaga reservation to develop a curriculum to teach the language to children, and he is experimenting with virtual reality software to see whether the language can best be visualized -- and taught -- in cyberspace.
		The Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk peoples populated what is now New York state and parts of Pennsylvania and Ohio.
		Onondaga is a language of space, and how you are in that space, and is called an 'aspect' language.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/00/6.8.00/Connelly.html (1054 words)

	Syracuse - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		163,860), seat of Onondaga co., central N.Y., on Onondaga Lake and the Erie Canal; settled c.1788, inc. as a city 1848.
		The city is the seat of Syracuse Univ., Le Moyne College, and the State Univ. of New York Upstate Medical Center.
		Nearby is Hancock International Airport, the Onondaga Reservation, and New York's first casino, run by the Oneidas.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-SyracuUS.html (284 words)

	Onondaga Nation Land Claim
		The Onondagas-who were left with a corner of their original reserve after a series of treaties with state agents between 1793 and 1822—have a formidable argument, according to scholars and legal experts familiar with both sides of Iroquois land claims.
		NYS still pays members of Onondaga Nation $2,400 a year in treaty annuities, along with the annual provision of 150 bushels of salt—which was intended to compensate the Onondagas for the loss of the salt-rich deposits along Onondaga Lake.
		Clinton's Salt Treaty to the Onondagas began: "The Onondagoes do hereby cede and grant all their lands to the people of the State of New York forever." Onondaga chiefs refused to sign, and Clinton left frustrated but unrelenting, and went to meet with Oneidas, who also refused to sign away land.
	www.onondagalakepeacefestival.org /landclaim.htm (5261 words)

	Onondaga Nation
		The Onondaga Nation was the Firekeeper for the Iroquois Nations.
		They were the heart of the Confederation that Benjamin Franklin studied, and probably used to model many aspects of the new nation.
		October 1, 1993 -- Relates my rather shocking introduction to the Reservation, and demonstrated what I believe the be the " bought" obedience of the local Sheriff.
	www.outpost-of-freedom.com /onondaga00.htm (457 words)

	The History of New York State, Book IX, Chapter XI
		A new penitentiary was built near by in 1830, and after the burning of the courthouse, 1856, another was erected on the north side of the canal the next year.
		Onondaga County is in a somewhat elevated district, the lowest point being 350 feet above sea level, and ranges to hills well over 2,000; five valley cross the county from north to south; there are many, and some large, lakes.
		On the 100 acres of campus, new buildings for the enlarged wok of the school are constantly being erected.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/ny/state/his/bk9/ch11.html (3833 words)

	The Military Tract
		New York's quota, based on population, was four regiments but as late as March 1781 only two regiments had been activated.
		New York argued that since its militia was maintaining the Mohawk frontier it was fulfilling its obligation.
		Since the State of New York had a vast surplus of land and a need for two regiments of military men it decided to add 500 acres to the Colonial 100, and thus did arrive at the somewhat odd figure of 600 acres in its military lot.
	www.flls.org /weedsport/military.html (1566 words)

	Town of Newstead
		A portion of the Tonawanda Indian Reservation is in the northeastern corner of the Town.
		Towns were not new in 1788, however, and the laws established that year specified boundaries, town officials and municipal responsibilities that codified, in many instances, arrangements that already existed.
		The Town of Newstead is one of 932 towns in New York State.
	www.erie.gov /newstead/history.asp (676 words)

	New York Press - BRAD LOCKWOOD - The Warriors Within
		As the Seneca open their reservations to all and use their gaming rights to build casinos throughout western New York (even breaking federal law at the governor’s behest by building casinos off of reservation land), the Mohawk are closing themselves off to any outsiders, invoking their sovereignty and becoming self-sufficient in upstate New York.
		He’s a leader of the Warrior Society, a new movement intended to personify the ideals of the old Chiefs, but without the Chiefs’ regard for the Haundenosaunee, which the Warriors feel no longer represents their people or their values.
		A new 40-year lease was effected, with the nation retaining its tax-free sales of cigarettes and gasoline, while the residents of Salamanca, used to paying literally $10 rents, are now obligated to pay hundreds, even thousands, each year.
	www.nypress.com /19/5/news&columns/feature.cfm (5088 words)

	Iroquois Confederacy
		The Onondaga ("people of the hills"), the Cayuga ("where they land the boats"), and the Seneca ("the people of the big hill") named themselves by describing their homelands.
		The new year began with the Mid-Winter Festival, which was held in late January or early February when the men returned from the fall hunt.
		Wampum belts held by the New York State Museum in Albany were removed from public display in deference to the Indians' belief that they should not be treated as curiosities, and were finally returned to the Onondagas (as Keeper of the Central Fire for the Iroquois League) in 1989.
	www.everyculture.com /multi/Ha-La/Iroquois-Confederacy.html (9190 words)

	Onondaga (tribe) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Onondaga (Onundagaono or the People of the Hills) are one of the original five constituent tribes of the League of the Iroquois (Hodenosaunee).
		The Onondaga later sided with the majority of the League and fought against the United States in alliance with the British Crown, after an American attack on their main village on April 20, 1779.
		Those remaining in New York are under the government of traditional chiefs nominated by clan mothers, rather than elected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onondaga_(tribe) (469 words)

	OCPL New York State History Web Links
		Populations of New York State Counties from 1790 to 1990.
		New York History Net is devoted to New York history and culture.
		A part of the New York State Library web site, this section describes the state-wide effort to inventory, catalog, and microfilm newspapers in all communities, as well as provide a research catalog of newspapers held in microfilm both at the New York State Library and at libraries around New York State.
	www.ocpl.lib.ny.us /website/links/history.htm (548 words)

	The Six Nations of the Iroquois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Onondagas are the confederacy's Keepers of the Central Fire.
		The 32 acres are all that remain of the some 6 million acres in New York state which once belonged to their ancestors.
		A portion of the land on the reservation where the British burned the main Tuscarora settlement during the War of 1812 is now a plowed field.
	tuscaroras.com /pages/six_nations_ex.html (956 words)

	Welcome to News From Indian Country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Geri Thomas, spokeswoman for the community, confirmed recently that Gov. William Rhodes wants a reservation vote on the matter “in light of the high level of interest the South Mountain Freeway has generated among the surrounding communities.” It is the first sign in years that the tribe would even consider such a proposal.
		The resolution was voted down recently at the company’s annual shareholders meeting in New Jersey with 83 percent of shareholders voting against it.
		The resolution is part of the tribe’s efforts to pressure the corporation into improving its Onondaga Lake cleanup plan, she said.
	www.indiancountrynews.com /fullstory.cfm?ID=430 (1203 words)

	Syracuse, New York - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Syracuse (New York), city in central New York and seat of Onondaga County.
		Among the educational institutions located in the city are the main campus of Syracuse University (1870); Le Moyne College (1946); the Health Science Center (established in 1834) of the State University of New York (SUNY); the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (1911); and several colleges offering two-year degrees.
		The New York State Fair, one of the oldest continuously running fairs in the country, is held in late summer at a site west of the city.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /syracuse_new_york.htm (622 words)

	Living in Dryden: More on the Onondaga Land Rights case
		The Onondaga Nation seems intent on differentiating their case from others by calling it a "Land Rights action" rather than a "Land Claim," I think to emphasize that they don't plan to actually seize the land or sue landowners, but the underlying legal mechanisms are the same.
		As I mentioned before, Dryden is in a part of the disputed territory that is slightly different from previous successful New York State land claims, because the treaty in which the Onondaga ceded the land was signed before the Nonintercourse Act of 1790.
		that shows a pre-Revolutionary War boundary between the Cayugas and Onondagas that is somewhat to the east of the boundary the Onondaga Nation shows on their maps.
	livingindryden.org /2005/03/more_on_the_onondaga_land_righ.html (864 words)

	Native American Services - New York State Office of Children & Family Services
		The Office of Children and Family Services is one of three state agencies (with the Department of Education and the Department of Health) charged with specific obligations to New York's Native American population.
		The statute, enacted in 1924, conferred upon the New York State Department of Social Welfare (later named the New York State Department of Social Services) the bulk of the state's responsibilities with regard to Native Americans.
		Genesee County and the New York State Office for the Aging provide a daily meal at TICH for elderly residents of the reservation.
	www.ocfs.state.ny.us /main/nas (620 words)

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