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	Resident Geologist Program - Southern Ontario
		Amabel Formation is approximately equivalent to the Lockport Formation on the Niagara Peninsula.
		The Salina Formation is conformably overlain by dolostones of the Bertie and Bass Island Formations, the youngest Silurian strata in the District.
		It is conformably overlain by the Lucas Formation of interbedded dolostone and limestone strata.
	www.mndm.gov.on.ca /mndm/mines/resgeol/southern/southwestern/geo_e.asp (1206 words)

	Onondaga Lake Improvement: 2. Natural resources/setting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The geologic setting is a description of the topography, bedrock, and predominant soils that typify the project area.
		Onondaga Creek lies within the boundaries of the Clinton Street CSO Abatement Project; Onondaga Lake is approximately two miles to the northwest of the project area.
		Onondaga Creek within the project boundaries is classified by the NYSDEC as a Class C waterway (6 NYCRR 895) which, as designated by the regulations, best suited for fishing and secondary water contact recreation such as boating (6 NYCRR 701).
	www.lake.onondaga.ny.us /ol30622.htm (3159 words)

	Onondaga (geological formation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In upstate New York and southern Ontario the sedimentary rocks tend to slope slightly to the southward, and the Onondaga outcrops in a line that usually forms an escarpment (the steep face of a cuesta), because of its resistance to erosion.
		The formation is broken by the only major fault line in western New York, the Linden Fault just east of Batavia, where the eastern side of the fault has dropped down and the ledge moved southward relative to the western side.
		The Onondaga Formation also can be found in other areas where rocks of the same age outcrop, such as in western Pennsylvania and Michigan but they do not form prominent geographic features.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onondaga_(geological_formation) (436 words)

	Onondaga - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Onondaga is the name of some places in North America:
		Onondaga (geological formation), a geological formation, a layer of dense limestone that outcrops in New York and Ontario, Canada
		You can find it there under the keyword Onondaga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onondaga)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onondagaandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Onondaga (188 words)

	JWA V1N2 - Sourcing of Chert Artifacts by INAA by Julig
		Geological samples in the range of 200 to 600 mg were used for INAA, while archaeological samples varied in size from 50 to 10,000 mg (in the case of some whole artifacts).
		The geological samples are obtained by flaking chert cobbles with a moose antler billet and then snapping off appropriate sized flake fragments, washing them in distilled water, air drying and then sealing in polyethylene vials for irradiation after being weighed.
		The three prospective geological sources were tested by INAA for 15 short half-life producing elements; and based on the elemental concentrations of Al, Si, U, Dy, and Cl (plotted on a ternary diagram) it was shown that geological KRF was separate from the HBL and agates.
	wings.buffalo.edu /research/anthrogis/JWA/V1N2/julig-pap.html (3004 words)

	R. T. Brown (1854) - Geological Survey of the State of Indiana
		Hence the older or lower formations will be found cropping out along the Eastern boundary of the State, and as we proceed Westward, losing themselves by dipping under the higher members in the geological scale, which, in turn, are lost in the same manner.
		The geological position of this point is very similar to that of the Kanawha and Muskingum salt regions, and I see no reason why the manufacture of this indispensable article of commerce and use should not be made as economically here as elsewhere.
		On tracing the coal seams eastward from Lodi, we observed the strata to rise at the rate of between 30 and 40 feet to the mile, which may be regarded as the range of the uniform dip of the geological formations along the Wabash, at least in its middle sections.
	www.indiana.edu /~libgeol/reprints/brown1854.html (12312 words)

	Seq Strat Mid Paleo Rocks Appala
		We intend to pursue this project with chemical fingerprinting of the bentonites and attempts at correlations between the Appalachian foreland basin and the mid-continent region.
		It is also intriguing that a newly recognized interval of strongly dolomitized bioherms (previously considered to be collapse breccias) from the middle upper Wenlock Lilly/upper Bisher formations may correlate with the widespread Gasport “reef” tract in the Appalachian Basin.
		A final interesting development is the recognition of a 0.5 to 1 m interval of strongly deformed, silty dolostones within the Bisher Formation of Ohio and Kentucky.
	www.uc.edu /geology/faculty/brett/brett_pub05.html (1408 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Acid Map – Map Layers
		Includes the Casselman and Glenshaw Formations, and the Conemaugh Formation of the Broadtop coal region in northeastern Bedford and southern Huntingdon Counties.
		Pottsville Formation, in western Pennsylvania, and Pottsville and Allegheny Formations, undivided, in north-central Pennsylvania.
		The Tuscarora Formation in Huntingdon, Bedford, Blair, and Centre Counties, and in the Metal Township area, Franklin County.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/openfile/acidmaplayers.aspx (556 words)

	onondaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Onondaga (Onundagaono or the People of the Hills) are one of the original five constituent tribes of the League of the Iroquois (Hodenosaunee).
		Being centrally located, they were the keepers of the fire in the figurative longhouse, with the Cayuga and Seneca to their west and the Oneida and Mohawk to their east.
		The Onondaga Formation is a group of hard limestones and dolostones of Devonian age that form an important geographic feature in the area of outcrop.
	www.vocamania.com /onondaga.aspx (342 words)

	Description of the Geology of Columbia County Pennsylvania
		Vast quantities of Halysites catenulata of the Niagara formation occur in the Lower Helderberg limestone (VI) at Mauser's quarry.
		A south dipping belt of VIII and IX lies south of the river from Catawissa eastward, and those formations spread over Roaring creek, Locust, and Franklin townships, brought to the surface by the broad and rumpled Selinsgrove anticlinal, which, in Schuylkill county, separates the Mahanoy coal field from that of the Beaver Meadows.
		From: A geological hand atlas of the sixty-seven counties of Pennsylvania :embodying the results of the field work of the survey, from 1874 to 1884.
	www.libraries.psu.edu /emsl/guides/X/columbia.htm (401 words)

	Onondaga Lake Partnership: Acronyms/glossary
		Drainage class (natural) Refers to the frequency and duration of periods of saturation or partial saturation during soil formation, as opposed to altered drainage which is commonly the result of artificial drainage or irrigation but may be caused by the sudden deepening of channels or the blocking of drainage outlets.
		Erosion (geologic) Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the building up of such landscape features as flood plains and coastal plains.
		Layers in soils that result from the processes of soil formation are called horizons; those inherited from the parent material are called strata.
	www.onlakepartners.org /p25.html (11475 words)

	Ultimate Finger Lakes Resource \| Latest Finger Lakes Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Geological History and Glacial Formation of the Finger Lakes.
		This process was assisted by the formation of the Massena Citizen Advisory Committee which...
		of the Glen are assigned to the Ithaca Formation (in the lower part of the glen) and the...
	fingerlakes.fgot.info /index.php?kid=formation-finger-lakes (848 words)

	Geologic History
		Each of these formations can be ascribed to a different part of the shallow sea using information from the fossils and physical structures found within them.
		The Carlisle Center and Schoharie formations are a mix of siltstone and siltstone with limestone nodules.
		The Onondaga formation, deposited during the Middle Devonian, is composed of largely silty limestone.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /earth/geol205/geol_hist.html (1759 words)

	Short Explanation of the Geological Structure of Pennsylvania
		Where these carboniferous sandrocks (No. XII and X) have been preserved in geological basins, run the mountain ranges, with patches of coal on their tops; where they were arched, they have been destroyed, and valleys of older, lower, softer, Devonian formations, Catskill (IX) and Chemung (VIII), have taken the place of former much higher mountains.
		The same effect has been produced by the erosion of the corrugated mass as is obtained by planing smooth a log of gnarled wood; and the color-lines upon the map may be considered as imitating the natural graining of a piece of furniture.
		But the errors discovered in these county and township maps in following the outcrops of the geological formations from stream to stream and from road to road are innumerable, and, in a multitude of places, large.
	www.libraries.psu.edu /emsl/guides/X/explanation.htm (3429 words)

	TERRA: Ancient Forest Survey
		is the hard, durable Onondaga Limestone Formation, which was created 450 to 550 million years ago in the Devonian Era by an outburst of biological life in Earth's early ocean.
		In a geological time of warmer oceans, tiny single-cell organisms flourished by extracting energy from minerals dissoved in seawater.
		Such a point of land is almost always a place of power—a focal point for geological, subtle and spiritual energies of the living earth.
	www.championtrees.org /sacredspace/Onondaga/surveys/Bluestone.htm (2819 words)

	WVGES Publications Catalog
		Geologic Cross Section and Apparent Structure Along the West Virginia Portion of U.S. Highway 48 (from 1-79 to the Maryland Line): R.F. Fonner and others, 1981, 1:48,000, on two sheets (west half and east half) each 30" x 20".
		The reports are accompanied by geologic, topographic, and, in some cases, soil maps, all at a scale of 1:62,500 (about 1 inch to 1 mile).
		Geological Folio of Paw Paw and Hancock 15' Quadrangles: 1912.
	www.wvgs.wvnet.edu /www/services/servpubc.htm (14407 words)

	Abstracts
		Geological maps, regarded as the dynamic force in geology, illustrate the distribution, configuration, succession, and interpretation of rock units at the earth's surface.
		Consequently, the Pennsylvania Geological Survey and the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey conducted a mapping investigation to evaluate the regional geology of the coal-bearing intervals and its influence on coalbed methane potential.
		Formation waters in the entire basin are enriched in calcium and depleted in magnesium, sodium, potassium and sulfate, relative to the seawater evaporation trend.
	karl.nrcce.wvu.edu /esaapg/abstracts/PRGABS.html (14671 words)

	SITES OF GEOLOGIC INTEREST IN THE MCKAY WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND NATURE TRAIL IN CALEDONIA, NEW YORK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Ganzhorn contacted the Department of Geological Sciences at State University of New York College at Geneseo to aid in the identification of rocks along the trail as part of an overall public education plan.
		The Devonian Onondaga Formation is exposed in the park, which contains marine fossils, such as brachiopods, corals, and crinoids.
		Permission is hereby granted to the author(s) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely, for noncommercial purposes.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005NE/finalprogram/abstract_83698.htm (364 words)

	For Sale : USGS bulletins : United States Geological Survey bulletins for sale
		Plates include folded geologic and structural map of the Coalinga district, folded geologic and topographic map of the Coalinga oil field, plates of fossils, and vintage photos.
		USGS B 508 : 1912 : The Onondaga fauna of the Allegheny region.
		USGS B 680 : 1918 : A geologic reconnaissance for phosphate and coal in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming.
	www.woodenski.com /2neat/usgs/bulletins.html (10265 words)

	New York State Geological Survey / Empire State Geogram Vol.31, No. 1, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		A geologic map, gravity map and seismicity map (1:1,000,000) are overlain to observe the relationship of earthquake distribution to the geology and gravity anomalies in New York State.
		For example, the well known linear trend of Onondaga pinnacle reefs in the New York-Pennsylvania subsurface appears to have been initiated during a relative low stand of sea level on a local arch (forebulge?); the reefs built upward during subsequent inversion of topography, as the arch shifted eastward.
		The Hoyt formation is extremely fossiliferous with columnar, domal and planar stromatolites and trilobites.
	www.nysl.nysed.gov /edocs/education/geogram.htm (14287 words)

	[No title]
		However, individuals and companies also can contribute to this fund through the AAPG Foundation, a 501(c)(3) public foundation which is qualified to receive tax-free contributions in support of worthwhile educational and scientific programs or projects related to the geosciences.
		Individuals, companies and geological societies who are interested in contributing may do so through the AAPG Foundation, Beardsley Grant, P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, OK 74101.
		First consideration for receipt of the grant will be given to a deserving geoscience graduate student whose thesis or dissertation is related to petroleum exploration in the region of the Eastern Section of AAPG (Appalachian, Illinois and Michigan basins).
	www.pittsburghgeologicalsociety.org /aapg_news021203.htm (972 words)

	Oil and Gas Conservation Law - Act 359
		(1) Any well or wells which do not penetrate the Onondaga horizon, or in those areas in which the Onondaga horizon is nearer to the surface than thirty-eight hundred feet, any well or wells which do not exceed a depth of thirty-eight hundred feet beneath the surface.
		(iv) The nature and character of the producing formation or formations, and whether the substances produced or sought to be produced are gas or oil.
		(vi) Any other available geological or scientific data pertaining to said pool, which may be of probative value to said commission in determining the proper spacing and well drilling unit therefor, with due and relative allowance for the correlative rights and obligations of the producers and royalty owners' interest therein.
	www.dep.state.pa.us /dep/DEPUTATE/minres/OILGAS/Act359uc.htm (3483 words)

	randallquarry.html
		A wall of rock that projects into the middle of the quarry includes a patch reef made of tabulate corals and bryozoans surmounted by rugose corals and crinoids.
		That is, there is a significant amount of topography preserved at the unconformity between these two formations.
		The center of the outcrop is unstratified because it is a biogenic reef core.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Western_Transect/randallquarry.html (636 words)

	Onondaga (geological formation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The outcrop can be traced from the Hudson River valley westward along the southern rim of the Mohawk River valley, passing just south of Syracuse, New York, and along the northern heads of the major Finger Lakes to Buffalo, New York.
		In several spots it is breached by geologically young streams and spectacular waterfalls are formed, such as at Chittenango Falls just east of Syracuse, Oatka Falls at Leroy, New York and Indian Falls west of Batavia, New York.
		The Geologic fault, which runs from Attica, New York northward to Lake Ontario, is still active and periodically causes minor earthquakes in the area.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Ontario-geography/Onondaga-(geological-formation).html (388 words)

	DMS Mineral of the Month Page--May
		Formation of the Escarpment began somewhere to the north and east of its
		Onondaga geological formation which runs parallel to it and just to the south in New York and eastern
		Formation, and is also as part of the carbonate shelf deposits.
	www.delminsociety.net /motm/motm_may2005.htm (5207 words)

	Classic Buffalo WNY Outdoors - Onondaga Escarpment
		This parcel of land, off Scotland Road northeast of Akron, is owned by NY state and was acquired due to its special natural beauty, wilderness character, geological, ecological and historical significance as a natural preserve.
		The area between the larger Niagara Escarpment and Onondaga Escarpment is the Tonawanda Plain, this is where you hear about all those sinking home problems in Amherst.
		A section of the Onondaga Escarpment west of Scotland Road and north of Akron airport.
	www.classicbuffalo.com /WNYOutdoors/OnondagaEscarpment.htm (386 words)

	Niagara Hotels
		After the ice melted back, drainage from the upper Great Lakes became the present day Niagara River, which could not follow the old filled valley, so it found the lowest outlet on the rearranged topography.
		In time the river cut a gorge across the Niagara escarpment, the north facing cliff or cuesta formed by erosion of the southwardly dipping (tilted) and resistant Lockport formation between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
		In doing so it exposed old marine rocks that are much older than the geologically recent glaciation.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/146/niagara-hotels.html (2127 words)

	Chronological Index to Theses and Dissertations
		The hydrogeochemistry of Lake Junin, Peru and a reconstruction of Lake Junin, Peru paleohydrology from stable isotopes of authigenic carbonates
		Age and tectonic setting of the Tumbledown formation, Grenville of far west Texas: implications for the evolution of the southern margin of Laurentia
		Mineralogy, petrography, and diagenesis of the Whetstone Gulf formation (Upper Ordovician) of north-central New York, The
	library.syr.edu /research/internet/earth/thesisyears.html (2868 words)

	Charles A. Ver Straeten
		Comparative study of geologic and paleontologic events, Lower and Middle Devonian, New York-Appalachian Basin and Central European successions.
		Integrated geochemical (elemental/isotopic/coulometric), sedimentological, and paleoecological analysis of ancient marine shales, Western New York; study examines sedimentary processes (e.g., sequence stratigraphic trends), the relationship of paleoenvironmental change and community-level faunal turnover, and carbon burial during late stages of a greenhouse episode.
		Brett, C.E., and Ver Straeten, C.A., eds., 1997, Devonian cyclicity and sequence stratigraphy in New York State: Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy (International Union of Geological Sciences Commission on Stratigraphy), Field Trip Guidebook for Meeting, Rochester, NY, July 20-29, 1997, 369 p.
	www.albany.edu /geosciences/cverstrat.html (532 words)

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