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Topic: Ontogeny and phylogeny

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Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Recapitulation theory

Ontogeny

Parapatry

Evolutionary developmental biology

Mammalian embryogenesis

Embryo

Sympatry

John Maynard Smith

Ernst Haeckel

Embryology

Empirical methods

Epistemology

Frog

Circumstantial evidence

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	Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Stephen Jay Gould) - review
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny is a rather different kind of book (it has more in common with Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle than the essays), but it still has the characteristic Gould feel to it.
		The idea that the development of individuals is a progression through adult ancestral forms, epitomised in the saying "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", has played an important part in the history of biology.
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny is divided into two roughly equal sections.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Ontogeny_and_Phylogeny.html (491 words)

	Ontogeny&Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Ontogeny is the development of a fetus from fertilization of the egg through the birth of the individual; it applies to any species.
		Phylogeny is the evolutionary sequence of living beings, starting with single-celled organisms and proceeding all the way to homo sapiens.
		The process of development of a fetus begins with the single-celled egg that recapitulates the very first living creatures, and then develops through the multi-celled higher forms of life to something that looks rather like the amphibians of the early history of life, and continues on until the creature hatches or is born.
	www.erasmatazz.com /library/JCGD_Volume_7/OntogenyPhylogeny.html (602 words)

	Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Stephen Jay Gould) - review
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny is a rather different kind of book (it has more in common with Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle than the essays), but it still has the characteristic Gould feel to it.
		The idea that the development of individuals is a progression through adult ancestral forms, epitomised in the saying "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", has played an important part in the history of biology.
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny is divided into two roughly equal sections.
	www.dannyreviews.com /h/Ontogeny_and_Phylogeny.html (491 words)

	Recapitulation theory Summary
		Phylogeny is a history of a group of organisms from the beginning of life to the present time.
		Ontogeny is the development of the embryos of a given species; phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species.
		While for instance the phylogeny of humans as having evolved from fish through reptiles to mammals is accepted (though 'reptiles' are now known to be a composite group and the ancestors of mammals split off before today's reptiles evolved), no cleanly defined "fish", "reptile" and "mammal" stages of human embryonal development can be discerned.
	www.bookrags.com /Recapitulation_theory (2873 words)

	Ontogeny
		Ontogeny is the history of the individual organism, phylogeny the history of the race or lineage (the linnean taxa or cladistic tree).
		Ontogeny can be the history of the universe, or the development of the psyche, or even, as indicate by the above Theosophical diagram, the evolution of the soul, spanning many lifetimes.
		On a somewhat smaller scale, the ontogeny of the universe is the totality of the phylogenies of the each and all of the parts of the universe - atoms, molecules, stars and planets, rocks and bacteria and plants and animals and genes and memes and all the rest.
	www.kheper.net /ontogeny (417 words)

	Haeckel's Lie: Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny
		ontogeny: "the development of an individual from a fertilized ovum to maturity, as contrasted with the development of a group or species (phylogeny)"
		Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny, also known as "Biogenetic Law" is not a "Law" of Science at all.
		Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny was embraced by many people because they could use it to justify things like abortion.
	www.angelfire.com /mi/dinosaurs/ontogeny.html (625 words)

	Studies into abstract properties of individuals
		An empirical study of emergence in ontogeny and phylogeny in Achnatherum nelsonii and A.
		Both ontogeny and phylogeny can be viewed as events wherein matter is transformed as energy moves from one state to another, as energy is transformed into information.
		The changes that occur during ontogeny and phylogeny result from variation in the transformation of energy to information within plants, local scale ontogeny, or among groups of related plants, global level phylogeny.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /see/SEED/Vol1-1/maze.htm (4993 words)

	Ontogeny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) describes the origin and the development of an organism from the fertilized egg to its mature form.
		The idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, that is, that the development of an organism exactly mirrors the evolutionary development of the species, is discredited today.
		However the phenomenon of recapitulation, in which a developing organism will for a time show a similar trait or attribute to that of an ancestral species, only to have it disappear at a later stage is well documented.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ontogeny (167 words)

	Star Larvae: Phylogeny
		During the twentieth century, the biogenetic law was replaced by other ideas; specifically the view that ontogeny is essentially a programmed progression from a less to a more differentiated form, not necessarily bearing any relation to the path of the species' phylogenetic ancestry.
		The newer understanding of ontogeny and its relationship to phylogeny is situated in a historical and sociological context by Stephen Jay Gould in his encyclopedic "Ontogeny and Phylogeny" (Belknap/Harvard University Press, 1977).
		Another model for the inversion of the usually conceived of relationship between phylogeny and ontogeny is the differentiation of cells during embryological and fetal development.
	www.starlarvae.org /Star_Larvae_Phylogeny.html (1478 words)

	Recapitulation theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, is a theory in biology which attempts to explain apparent similarities between humans and other animals.
		Observers have noted various connections between phylogeny and ontogeny, explained them with evolutionary theory and taken them as supporting evidence for that theory.
		Occasionally however, a modification of an earlier step in the program does succeed: for this reason a strict correspondence between ontogeny and phylogeny, as expressed in Ernst Haeckel's discredited recapitulation law, fails.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ontogeny_recapitulates_phylogeny (1260 words)

	Phylogeny and Jaw Ontogeny of Beloniform Fishes1 Integrative and Comparative Biology - Find Articles
		The parallel between needlefish ontogeny and beloniform phylogeny is discussed, and clades amenable to future morphological analysis are proposed.
		Phylogeny is integral to understanding the evolution of ontogeny.
		Needlefish ontogeny would thus be an example of the phenomenon of recapitulation or peramorphosis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4054/is_200411/ai_n9467792 (860 words)

	Ernst Haeckel
		Both of these branches of evolutionary science, are, in my opinion, in the closest causal connection; this arises from the reciprocal action of the laws of heredity and adaptation...
		Experimental morphologists and biologists have shown that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between phylogeny and ontogeny.
		Although a strong form of recapitulation is not correct, phylogeny and ontogeny are intertwined, and many biologists are beginning to both explore and understand the basis for this connection.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/haeckel.html (697 words)

	[No title]
		Ontogeny is the entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism).
		One of the overwhelming conclusions that emerges from a study of ontogeny is that it is an ordered process which shows considerable powers of resisting disturbances imposed from both the "outside" (e.g., experimental manipulation) and from "within" (e.g., by mutation).
		In the late 1800s, Ernst Haeckel attempted to explain the similarity among embryos of different species with the dictum "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." His hypothesis states that as organisms develop from fertilized eggs through embryos and into adults (ontogeny) they retrace (recapitulate) in their life histories the outline of their evolutionary histories (phylogeny).
	www.gwu.edu /~darwin/BiSc150/Ontogeny/development1.html (975 words)

	Ontogeny, Phylogeny and the Origin of Biological Information
		In a clear demonstration of his rejection of Darwinism, he wrote: The laws of the organic world are the same whether we are dealing with the development of an individual (ontogeny) or that of a paleontological series (phylogeny).
		Accordingly, I have found the acceptance of the existence of preformed laws and information to be a necessary and liberating asset in the ongoing search for ultimate truth concerning the two greatest mysteries in all of biological science: ontogeny and phylogeny.
		The several parallels that exist between epigenesis and preformation in both ontogeny (development) and phylogeny (evolution) are discussed.
	www.uvm.edu /~jdavison/ontogeny.html (2999 words)

	IngentaConnect Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		IngentaConnect Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid...
		Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid reptiles
		Current phylogenies of mosasauroid reptiles are reviewed and a new phylogeny examining aigialosaur interrelationships presented.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/zj/1996/00000116/00000004/art00027 (250 words)

	Unofficial SJG Archive - Bibliography
		Ontogeny and the explanation of form: an allometric analysis.
		Muscular mechanics and the ontogeny of swimming in scallops.
		The ontogeny of Sewall Wright and the phylogeny of evolution.
	www.stephenjaygould.org /bibliography.html (986 words)

	The Mind Spiral
		Haeckel coined the phrase "Ontogeny recapitualtes Phylogyny," by which he meant that there is a direct link between individual development (ontogeny) and the evolution of species (phylogeny).
		Gould's book demonstrates that even though the biological use of recapitulation fell into disrepute early this century, it remains one of the great themes of evolutionary biology, and deserves to be revived today with the necessary correctives that have been developed in recent years.
		Actually, all of us are born primitive, Lombroso held, since ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, but most of us pass on to more civilized behavior, while the criminal remains mired in his brutish past.
	www.lifespirals.com /TheMindSpiral/themindspiral.html (1821 words)

	Ontogeny and Phylogeny
		It turns out that for some characterstics the ontogeny of the trait does go through stages much like the adult forms of the ancestors of the species with the trait-- that is, ontogeny does recapitulate phylogeny.
		Its ontogeny does NOT recapitulate its phylogeny -- it never goes through a stage of not having gills that would be like the adult form of its ancestors.
		when drawing phylogenies to show that ontogeny does, or does not, recapitulate phylogeny, be sure to create groups within which it is easy to identify the evolutionary sequence from primitive to derived.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cens/biology/rirwin/391/391OntogPhylog.htm (1764 words)

	allnurses.com
		"Ontogeny recapitulates philogeny" is the largely defunct theory that as a fetus grows it reprises the collected earlier adult states of its evolutionary forebears.
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny by Stephen Jay Gould is an enlightening book filled with facts, history, knowledge, science, sociology, biology and mixed with this is the Gould Factor.
		The same has to be said about Ontogeny and Phylogeny, as the development of the individual leads to the development of the whole (type).
	www.allnurses.com /nursingbooks/shop.php?c=NsgBooks&n=13567&i=0674639413 (1445 words)

	Direct Textbooks Price Comparison for ISBN 0674639405: Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Ontogeny and Phylogeny by Stephen Jay Gould is an enlightening book filled with facts, history, knowledge, science, sociology, biology and mixed with this is the Gould Factor. By this, Gould Factor, what I mean is this.
		The same has to be said about Ontogeny and Phylogeny, as the development of the individual leads to the development of the whole (type). Gould's clever brilliance is evidenced here and you'll see him working the esoterics, bringing the reader on, interlacing ideas, and ultimately to the conclusion.
		"Ontogeny and Philogeny" goes the next level down, using interesting bits of (mostly) science to deliver well-informed and timely bits of philosophy. I bought this book because I was curious about the relationship between ontogeny and philogeny.
	www.directtextbook.com /price.php?p=prices&q=0674639405&shippingtime=5 (1033 words)

	Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" is a catchy phrase coined by Ernst Haeckel, a 19th century German biologist and philosopher to mean that the development of an organism (ontogeny) expresses all the intermediate forms of its ancestors throughout evolution (phylogeny).
		Ernst Haeckel most certainly did not coin the phrase "ontology recapitulates phylogeny." Ontology is the branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being.
		"Ontogeny recapitulates philology" would mean the biological development of an organism parallels the comprehensive study of language, a mistake no sillier than the one you and I both made in our websites.
	mcraeclan.com /Graeme/Language/OntogenyRecapitulatesPhylogeny.htm (3432 words)

	Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia (ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The phylogenies of the NP and NS genes also supported the avian origin of these genes, indicating that all the genes from the human H5N1 isolates analyzed are of avian origin, which confirms the absence of reassortment with human influenza genes.
		Taken together, the phylogenies of the 8 genomic segments show that the H5N1 viruses from human infections and the closely related avian viruses isolated in 2004 and 2005 belong to a single genotype, often referred to as genotype Z (1).
		The phylogenies of the 8 genomic segments from the clade 1 and 2 isolates from 2004–2005 showed that all genes are of avian origin.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1488284/posts (5295 words)

	Week 10 More...
		Ontogeny refers to the development of an organism, particularly the process of organogenesis.
		This was the origin of the famous phrase "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" by Ernst Haeckel.
		Since Darwin's time, however, many studies have demonstrated that the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny is not as simple as Haeckel originally thought.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hsd212/02weekpages/WK10/week10_5more.htm (688 words)

	Evolution and Development I
		Early embryologists noticed similarities between ontogeny (the development of an organism) and phylogeny (ancestor descendant relationships in a group).
		Haeckel held that descendants, during their ontogeny, passed through stages that resembled the adults of their ancestors.
		Cuvier noticed that there was nothing in the ontogeny of a vertebrate that resembled the adult stages of, say, a mollusk.
	biomed.brown.edu /Courses/BIO48/30.S&S.HTML (1385 words)

	Ontogeny and Phylogeny — Darwinia Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		"Ontogeny recapitulates philogeny" is the largely defunct theory that as a fetus grows it reprises the collected earlier adult states of its evolutionary forebears.
		This book is about the history of the concepts around which the "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" developed, flourished and eventually faded out.
		No, Ontogeny and phylogeny was simply not to be.
	darwinia.com /amazon_tool/0674639413/amazon_item_view (735 words)

	Mental Evolution and Art
		In fact, Ernst Haeckel, in the late nineteenth century, coined the phrase, "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." That means the chronological and physical development of an embryo/fetus reveals the sequence or unfolds the stages of animal evolution.
		By tracing the phylogeny of physical living change one can also restage the development of living mentality through time.
		Locked within the phrase "mental ontogeny recapitulates mental phylogeny" is the record of our mental evolution, from the single cell to our present consciousness.
	www.lastplace.com /Journal/ontogeny78.htm (1327 words)

	phylogeny - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		definition, theory that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, use in classification of species
		The development of the field of molecular phylogeny in the 1970s changed our view of bacteria.
		He attempted to use evolution to construct a unifying...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /phylogeny.html (82 words)

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