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Topic: Oocyte maturation and spawning in starfish

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Oocyte, overview

Spawning, marine invertebrates

Oocyte maturation and spawning in starfish

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	Oocyte Sensitivity to Serotonergic Regulation during the Follicular Cycle of the Teleost Fundulus heteroclitus -- ...
		Follicle-enclosed oocytes from 1.1 to 1.7 mm in diameter, with
		at inhibiting steroid-induced oocyte maturation in 1.6- and
		Pharmacology of the serotonergic inhibition of steroid-induced reinitiation of oocyte meiosis in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/59/1/53 (6215 words)

	STAZIONE ZOOLOGICA ANTON DOHRN - Activity Report 1994 / 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Electron microscopy of the oocytes during maturation revealed that the switch from self-fertility to self-sterility is accompanied by the appearance of a thin electron-dense layer on the outer surface of the VC.
		Starfish oocytes are used by Luigia Santella to study the ionic (calcium) permeability properties of the nuclear envelope.
		Starfish oocytes have very large cytosolic and nuclear compartments, consequently microinjections can be made directly into their nucleus in vivo.
	www.szn.it /actrep94/aqua_2.htm (3337 words)

	Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management
		The highest stages of development observed are presented as histograms and the number of mature oocytes or the proportion of mature spermatozoa as lines.
		Spawning success estimated with the gonadal index (GI) and the amount of oocytes spawned (n = 15 males and 15 females) (from Mercier and Hamel, 2002).
		Mature non-spawning individuals can be triggered to spawn either by injection of or physical contact with PCF collected from spawning congeners (with success up to 100 % and 31 %, respectively).
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/y5501e/y5501e15.htm (3882 words)

	End of Gametogenesis, NP Exhaustion and Spawning
		In this stage, gamete storage and spawning are the major activities of gonads of both sexes of the sea urchin.
		This means that the maturation of oocytes and spermatocytes into mature gametes is continuous throughout the gametogenesis and NP utilization stage in sea urchins and does not occur just prior to spawning of oocytes as in sea stars.
		It is apparent that oocyte maturation and spawning in sea urchins is less strictly controlled than it is in sea stars.
	zoology.unh.edu /faculty/walker/urchin/spawn.html (1189 words)

	Kathleen Foltz: Current Research
		It is focused on the identification of the oocyte membrane receptor for the sea star oocyte maturation hormone, 1-methyl adenine (1-MA).
		Oocyte maturation is characterized by cell cycle re-entry of an arrested oocyte to reach fertilization competence.
		The oocyte is approximately 170 microns in diameter.
	www.lifesci.ucsb.edu /mcdb/faculty/foltz/research/research.html (1631 words)

	Metaphase I arrest of starfish oocytes induced via the MAP kinase pathway is released by an increase of intracellular ...
		Metaphase I arrest of starfish oocytes induced via the MAP kinase pathway is released by an increase of intracellular pH -- Harada et al.
		(Left column) Oocytes spawned into SW at 45, 105 and 165 minutes after the injection of 1-MA into the body cavity of the animal were immediately collected and treated with extraction buffer, followed by fixation and staining with DAPI and an anti-tubulin antibody to visualize chromosomes (blue) and tubulin (green).
		Immediately, oocytes in the ovaries were isolated and microinjected with BCECF, and the pHi of oocytes was measured.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/figsonly/130/19/4581 (909 words)

	Myresearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fertilization success of broadcast spawning marine invertebrates such as lugworms is determined by a variety of biochemical, environmental and stochastic factors.
		Spawning too early (or too late) in response to inappropriate environmental or chemical cues may lead to the release of 'unripe' oocytes and consequently poor fertilization and failure of an annual cohort to be recruited into a population.
		The purpose of this study is to determine at what stage polychaete and starfish oocytes develop the ability the undergo sperm-induced activation and why.
	www.students.ncl.ac.uk /lucie.hannah/myresearch.htm (400 words)

	[No title]
		Little difference is observed betweenmelanosomes maturation in pigment epithelial cells of theorange-colored variant and the wild-type strain, indicating aninnocent role of the B gene in their differentiation.
		Sea urchin, starfish, medaka, human, golden hamster and bull spermatozoa rolled in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, although there was a large difference in the proportion of spermatozoa rolling in each direction in the different species.
		Mature flukes were recovered in 10 days in the small intestine of experimentally infected 1-day-old leghorn chicks.
	www.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp:8000 /Oryzias1.html (12940 words)

	NAADP+ initiates the Ca2+ response during fertilization of starfish oocytes -- LIM et al. 15 (12): 2257 -- The FASEB ...
		of meiosis reinitiation (maturation) is the breakdown of the
		of the pseudocolor in the cortical region of the oocyte.
		Santella, L., Kyozuka, K. (1997) Effects of 1-methyladenine on nuclear and meiosis resumption in starfish oocytes are mimicked by the nuclear injection of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate and cADP-ribose.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/12/2257 (5050 words)

	ECHINODERMATA
		Procuring Gametes: Shedding may sometimes be induced in mature animals by removing them from sea water and placing them on a board in the sun, or on the cement floor of the laboratory under the heat of a desk lamp.
		A small-bore pipette may be easily inserted into the arm of a ripe starfish, preferably near the central region, without causing injury; the few gametes thus obtained enable one to ascertain the sex of the animal rapidly.
		It was in the egg of the starfish that Fol (1879) first observed the actual penetration of an egg by a spermatozoon.
	www.mbl.edu /BiologicalBulletin/EGGCOMP/pages/73.html (2405 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In starfish ovaries, follicle cells that envelope each oocyte are thought to mediate production of meiosis inducing substance (MIS), identified as 1-methyadenine, that induces ovulation, maturation and spawning of oocytes in response to exposure to a gonadotropic substance secreted by the radial nerve (RNF).
		Oocyte maturation and spawning occured following the addition of RNF to cultures of intact ovarian tissue whereas no maturation occurred following the addition of RNF to GV oocytes or GV oocytes surrounded by follicle cells.
		Neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide altered RNF induction of oocyte maturation in the presence of the ovarian wall tissue whereas preheating (boiling water-5 minutes) the tissue obliterated its response to RNF.
	abstracts.co.allenpress.com /pweb/ssr2000/abstracts/ALL-4-31-1.html (234 words)

	Scientific publications by Annie Mercier
		Coelomic fluid as a mediator of spawning induction in tropical holothurians.
		In vivo observation of ovulation and further oocyte maturation in spawning holothurians.
		Prespawning behaviour, spawning and developmental biology of the brooding starfish Leptasterias polaris.
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~amercier/sciencecomm.html (483 words)

	[No title]
		Mean oocyte size was similar in all fed females at first reproduction, but significantly larger in fed than unfed females at second reproduction.
		Oocyte size-frequency distributions demonstrated that most primary oocytes were <80 mu m in diameter between March and September, suggesting that cold temperatures may be need for completion of vitellogenesis.
		Spawning occurs in March /April of each year but a small proportion of sea urchins in the study populations also spawned in fall 1995.
	www.seaotter.com /marine/research/stronglyocentrotus/droebachiensis/ref1 (10374 words)

	Life History Citations
		Maturity and spawning of the greenling Hexagrammos otakii in the southern part of the East Sea of Korea.
		Spawning, fecundity, and abundance of the squid Berryteuthis magister (Gonatdae) in the Bering Sea.
		Maturation, fecundity, and intertidal spawning of Pacific sand lance in the northern Gulf of Alaska.
	access.afsc.noaa.gov /reem/LHWeb/LifeHistoryCitations.cfm (11929 words)

	[No title]
		Mature giant cells are located in the vessels of branchial sac, whereas mature cells with colourless granules, granulocytes and morula cells migrate into the tunic.
		The fourth component of the granules of mature morula cells is represented by the o-diphenolic compounds.
		When the extract of ovarian egg mass of the spawning animals is subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 column (the gel filtration), two peaks of activities inducing the oocyte maturation and the expansion of peri-vitelline space (self-sterility) are detected.
	nsm.fullerton.edu /~lamberts/ascidian/an39.html (11121 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Burkenroad,M.D. Intensity of settling of starfish in Long Island Sound in relationship to fluctuations of the stock of adult starfish and in the settling of oysters.
		Occurrence of nodososide in the starfish Acanthaster planci and Linckia laevigata.
		Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the starfishes Astropecten polyacanthus and Astropecten scoparius in the Seto Inland Sea.
	www.charonia.com /charonia/chap11.htm (3480 words)

	Role of Specialized Microvilli and the Fertilization Envelope in the Spatial Positioning of Blastomeres in Early ...
		Induction of spawning and oocyte maturation by 1-methyl-adenine in starfishes.
		Marked decrease in the rigidity of starfish oocytes induced by 1-methyladenine.
		Isolation and characterization of an endodermally derived, proteoglycan-like extracellular matrix molecule that may be involved in larval starfish digestive tract morphogenesis.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/202/3/213 (4287 words)

	VEN:Papers presented at meetings
		Surviving shear stress in the gonopore during spawning: the role of echinoderm egg jelly coats.
		Lithiuim induces fusion embryos in marine planaria polyclad and starfish.
		Induction of oocyte maturation by GSS in ovarian oocytes, and a large scale culture of juveniles of the sea cucumber, Stichopus japonica.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /iz/echinoderm/1999/mtgs.htm (3930 words)

	[No title]
		The cortical array of microtubules is present in all oocytes before and for about 30 min after the application of 1-methyladenine, the hormone that induces oocyte maturation.
		It was concluded that starfish radial nerve extracts contain a substance(s) which induces maturation of sea cucumber follicle -free oocytes, and sea cucumber oocyte maturation is regulated by substances different from those in starfish.
		The cycle of assembly-disassembly of cortical microtubules synchronized to the cycle of nuclear envelope breakdown and reformation and to the mitotic cycle; specifically, cortical microtubules are present when a nucleus is intact (germinal vesicle, female pronucleus, zygote nucleus, blastomere nucleus) and are absent whenever a meiotic or mitotic spindle is present.
	www.seaotter.com /marine/research/pisaster/ochraceus/ref1 (9708 words)

	Some Animals Age, Others May Not: What Nature Tells Us About Aging
		A delayed maturity and increased lifespan as a result of a lower ambient temperature is common in many ectotherms (see bellow).
		Typically, animals in northern or mountain regions tend to live longer and, usually, mature later, though hibernation could be a factor too (Smirina, 1994).
		These animals tend not to live more than 20 years, show age-related changes in their second decade of life, and have short life cycles attaining sexual maturity in less than 2-3 years (Bons et al., 1992; Austad, 1997c; Harada et al., 1999).
	www.senescence.info /nature.html (4893 words)

	10th ICIRD - Abstract Information
		Oocyte Maturation and Spawning in Bivalve Mollusks: Control by Serotonin, Prostaglandin and a newly identified Oocyte Maturation Arresting Factor.
		Ovarian maturation cycle of the Norway Lobster Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Western Mediterranean.
		The oocyte as source of egg-laying factors in the mollusc cephalopod Sepia officinalis.
	www.ncl.ac.uk /icird2004/RegList.htm (1396 words)

	Fertilization Success in Marine Invertebrates: The Influence of Gamete Age -- Williams and Bentley 202 (1): 34 -- The ...
		induced to spawn by injection of homogenized prostomia from
		The fatty acid 8, 11, 14 eicosatrienoic acid induces spawning in the male lugworm Arenicola marina.
		Pennington, J. The ecology of fertilization of echinoid eggs: the consequences of sperm dilution, adult aggregation, and synchronous spawning.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/202/1/34 (4772 words)

	Cdc2-Cyclin B-Induced G2 to M Transition in Perch Oocyte Is Dependent on Cdc25 -- Basu et al. 71 (3): 894 -- Biology of ...
		induction in vitro by incubating oocytes at 30° ±
		MIH-induced GVBD in perch oocytes increased sharply from 12
		Resumption of meiosis is initiated by the accumulation of cyclin B in bovine oocytes.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/71/3/894 (4925 words)

	1 Apr 04
		In both species, the number of eggs per spawn mass, the average volume per egg, and the percentage of body weight allocated to reproduction were compared among individuals of different sizes and from different locations.
		However, spawning was not apparent during the earlier months of the year, and little recruitment of juveniles was seen between the months of January and July 2004.
		The shell size at sexual maturity is about 100 mm, while the 50% of the population is mature approximately at 115 mm shell length, when they are 8 years old.
	www.mollusckey.com /perth/abstracts2.htm (15909 words)

	SEA SCALLOP AQUACULTURE
		Predator species, starfish and crabs, are collected along with the scallops, and the area is reseeded with juveniles collected the previous year as spat.
		Collective or batch spawning results in the gametes being mixed with the huge amount of tissue, waste, and other organic compounds generated by the animals during major spawning events.
		Examples of issues raised in the current regulatory context range from the ownership of privately spawned scallop stock that are legally landed from managed fisheries but grown out on private leaseholds, to days-at-sea assessments for aquaculture activities which do not involve the capture of fish or shellfish.
	www.seascallop.com /Summit.html (16109 words)

	an45
		Although mature eggs of several ascidians including Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis, which are hermaphroditic animals, are self-sterile, immature oocytes and acidic seawater-pretreated mature oocytes of these animals are self-fertile.
		We previously reported that a 70-kDA component of the vitelline coat of H. roretzi (HrVC70) appears to be specifically attached to the vitelline coat during oocyte maturation and this molecule is released from the isolated vitelline coat by treat ment with 1mM HCl.
		Rapid oocyte growth and artificial fertilization of the larvaceans Oikopleura dioica and Oikopleura longicauda.
	nsm.fullerton.edu /~lamberts/ascidian/an45.html (9633 words)

	A Presumptive Developmental Role for a Sea Urchin Cyclin B Splice Variant -- Lozano et al. 140 (2): 283 -- The Journal ...
		We show that a splice variant-derived cyclin B is produced in sea urchin oocytes and embryos.
		In prophase-blocked oocytes (germinal vesicle stage), cyclin B in most species is associated with tyrosine 15- and threonine
		During starfish oocyte meiosis, MPF is the only cycling H1 kinase (20).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/140/2/283 (6377 words)

	Ascidian News 39 - May 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Twelve types of blood cells were identified in the blood of an ascidian, Styela rustica, by means of phase contrast microscopy, Nomarksy optics and histological analysis of differentially stained sections.
		Therefore, during their differentiation the morula cells of S. rustica accumulate in their granules all the components of phenoloxidase system, which is used for sclerotization of tunic proteins as well as for realisation of different immune reactions.
		Halocynthia roretzi is classified into three types on account of their reproductive behavior; spawning season and daily spawning time.
	biol.dgbm.unina.it:8080 /ascidians/AscidianNews/an39.html (11280 words)

	VEN: Meetings and Papers: Conference
		Species-specific induction of the acrosome reaction in starfish.
		Patterns of spawning of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, in Central Maine over a three-year period.
		Spawning and development of the sea star Psilaster charcoti during the springtime depletion of ozone in Antarctica.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /iz/echinoderm/mtgsind/mtgsconf1/body_mtgsconf1.html (1273 words)

	VLIZ LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS NO. 148/4 April 2003
		Okaji, K. Delayed spawning activity in dispersed individuals of Acanthaster planci in Okinawa.
		Kinor, H.; Yamaguchi, M.; Suzuki, N. Appearance of an egg jelly molecule, fucose sulfate glycoconjugate in the extracellular matrix of the growing oocyte of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
		Developmental diversity in the starfish genus Patiriella (Asteriodea: Asterinidae).
	www.vliz.be /docs/libac/ac148.htm (6200 words)

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