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Topic: Opacity

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	US EPA Region 5 - Air and Radiation Division - Air Quality: Particulate Matter, Opacity
		Opacity is the amount of light which is blocked by a medium, like smoke or a tinted window.
		Opacity is important because it gives an indication of the concentration of pollutants leaving a smokestack.
		Opacities must be within a certain percentage of accuracy, for both types of smoke, for certification to be obtained.
	www.epa.gov /region5/air/naaqs/opacity.htm (741 words)

	Layer Opacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Without layer opacity it would be difficult to portray the overlap cleanly since whichever drawing was placed in an upper layer would hide the lower drawing.
		Layer opacity is a property of a map layer and not of the drawing or other component that is shown in that layer.
		In the case of masks, the darker the mask region the lower the alpha value is and thus the higher the opacity.
	www.manifold.net /doc/700/layer_opacity.htm (2109 words)

	Kurtzman Group \| Opacity Index
		Opacity is the lack of clear, accurate, formal, easily discernible, and widely accepted practices in the world's capital markets.
		This first report on the Opacity Index, to be followed by others at regular intervals, provides estimates of the adverse effects of opacity on the cost and availability of capital in 35 countries.
		While the Opacity Index correlates significantly with other indices, it should be viewed as a new indicator, raising new questions in five areas of concern and giving new results.
	www.kurtzmangroup.com /opacity_index.htm (299 words)

	Opacity Function Generation
		Defining opacity as a function of position within a boundary then becomes a more intuitive task than defining opacity as a function of data value, as there is a more predictable relationship between changes made to the boundary emphasis function and the corresponding change in rendered results.
		Selectively rendering this single boundary is impossible with a value-based opacity function, but because the boundary has a distinct curve in the plot of data value versus first derivative, it is possible to create an opacity function which selects only the voxels comprising this boundary.
		As it did in the case of value-based opacity functions, the technique presented here will generate two-dimensional opacity functions which make all detected boundaries opaque; a simple ``lasso'' tool could then be used to select different regions in the two-dimensional opacity function to render one boundary at a time.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~gk/papers/vv98/node5.html (1343 words)

	SVG Group Opacity - OpenOffice.org Wiki
		Opacity is measured in percentages from 100 (fully translucent).
		It is neither possible to specify an opacity value for a group of objects nor for a shape with its border as a whole.
		The group opacity could be multiplied to all fill and stroke opacity properties of the objects contained in the group by leaving their shapes intact.
	wiki.services.openoffice.org /wiki/SVG_Group_Opacity (818 words)

	rest/opacity - Microformats
		In this case, various thoughts were recorded as the "Opacity Axiom" in response to a discussion about client behavior and the perceived need for URNs.
		The opacity principle, as actually used on the Web, refers only to the machine interpretation of request processing as being dependent on control data (e.g., hypertext anchors and message field names) rather than on metadata appearing within the URI.
		"Opacity of URI" only applies to clients and, even then, only to those parts of the URI that are not defined by relevant standards.
	microformats.org /wiki/rest/opacity (1181 words)

	Opacity Masks Overview
		The brush is mapped to the element or visual, and the opacity value of each brush pixel is used to determine the resulting opacity of each corresponding pixel of the element or visual.
		For example, if an element is 25 percent opaque and an opacity mask is applied that transitions from fully opaque to fully transparent, the result is an element that transitions from 25 percent opacity to fully transparent.
		Opacity masks are used to create interesting visual effects, such as to create images or buttons that fade from view, to add textures to elements, or to combine gradients to produce glass-like surfaces.
	msdn2.microsoft.com /en-us/library/ms743320.aspx (1290 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--opacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Opacity is of considerable importance in paper that is to be used for printing.
		e.g., a lightweight bond paper may have an opacity as low as 79%, i.e., 21o of the light that strikes it passes through, while a 24-pound bond paper of high opacity may rate a percentage of 93, meaning that only 75 of the light penetrates it.
		Different opacities may be obtained by: 1) varying the paper pulp; 2) varying the degree of hydration; or 3) using loading materials and special opacifying agents.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt2380.html (124 words)

	Atmospheric Opacity
		Comparison of the opacity values measured by these instruments is tightly correlated with occasional narrow-band skydip measurements made within this band by the CSO and AST/RO; the narrow band opacity values are about a factor of two smaller than those output by the broadband instrument.
		The opacity measured by these instruments is a factor of ~2 higher than simultaneous narrow-band measurements in the same wavelength band made with AST/RO at the South Pole and the CSO on Mauna Kea.
		The upper plot of each pair shows the rms deviation in the opacity during a one-hour period---a measure of sky noise on large scales; the lower plot of each pair shows the broadband 350µm opacity.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /~aas/SPT/opacity.htm (862 words)

	Opacity (optics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Opacity is the state of being impenetrable to light.
		The opacity of a material, and of a gas in particular, often depends on its temperature and density.
		In astrophysics, the variations in opacity within a star are important to the understanding of radiation transfer in stellar atmospheres and the spectra we observe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opacity_(optics) (548 words)

	13.4 Opacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Intermediate opacity values result in color blending so that the earlier picture shows through what is drawn on top of it.
		The opacity of a design is the degree to which it hides the previous contents of the drawing plane when it is drawn.
		The fully transparent and fully opaque opacity levels (that is, opacities 0 and 1) must always be supported, but a valid CLIM implementation might only support a handful of opacity levels in between (including none).
	www.stud.uni-karlsruhe.de /~unk6/clim-spec/13-4.html (297 words)

	Astrophysics and Space Physics: Opacity
		The radiative opacity of interest in stars is a harmonic mean of the spectral-dependent opacity, which means that the opacity of interest is dominated by those windows in the frequency spectrum that lie between the strong absorption features.
		Opacity has the most effect on stellar structure in the intermediate zone between the convective outer envelope and the hydrogen-depleted core.
		With the new opacity calculations, the range of temperatures predicted is extended to lower temperatures as observed.
	www.llnl.gov /science_on_lasers/07AstSpace/AS-A_Opac.html (1304 words)

	A Opacity Monitor: Green LED for EPA compliancy monitoring.
		Alignment of both opacity monitor light source and reflector is critical for accurate off stack zeroing of opacity monitors.
		Historical opacity calibration, opacity alarms, PLCF changes, and operational parameters are maintained in viewable logs that can be output via the systems built in RS232 interface.
		The opacity signal comes from the control unit and is (PLCF) corrected and corresponds directly with the control unit opacity readout.
	www.phoenix-instruments.com /opac2020.htm (436 words)

	Mandarin Design: CSS Opacity and Transparency
		Opacity can be thought of conceptually as a postprocessing operation.
		Opacity is a little ditty that goes something like this.
		Included is opacity over a white background, opacity over fl background and opacity over the color of your choice.
	www.mandarindesign.com /opacity.html (2978 words)

	CSS Opacity Color Tips and Tricks
		If the object is a container element, then the effect is as if the contents of the container element were blended against the current background using a mask where the value of each pixel of the mask is .
		Opera is the only known browser that doesn't support the opacity property as of today, but putting the image on top of the background will allow Opera browsers to see the image.
		All other known browsers support the opacity property even though it is CSS3 and not required yet.
	www.mandarindesign.com /opacitycolor.html (730 words)

	Opacity
		Higher opacity values allow better readability on one side, because the print showing through from the other side is less noticeable.
		Opacity, like light transmission, is determined mostly by pigment and cavitation characteristics, which are controlled by proprietary resin formulations and film-making process conditions.
		Opacity measurements are made with commercially available opacity meters that meet criteria stated in the standard procedures.
	www.polyprint.com /faq_opacity.htm (477 words)

	Opacity functions of data value and gradient magnitude
		To demonstrate the generation of two dimensional opacity functions, consider the dataset first seen in Figure 4.5, containing two concentric cylindrical shells each at distinct data values.
		The relationship between the two dimensional opacity function and the final rendering is shown in Figure 5.9.
		Other examples of the effectiveness of this technique in generating two dimensional opacity functions are given in Chapter 6.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~gk/MS/html/node19.html (931 words)

	Material Properties: Opacity
		Knowledge of the x-ray opacities (x-ray absorption) of hot matter is essential for understanding its state and radiative transport.
		The x-ray absorption of opacity samples was measured by the method of point projection spectroscopy, which is illustrated in Fig.
		[6] Both of these studies on iron opacity are motivated by astrophysical considerations and indicate that, in at least this one area, the experimental capability has become mature.
	www.llnl.gov /science_on_lasers/09MatProps/MP-B_Opac.html (901 words)

	Smoke School, Opacity, & Visible Emission
		Smoke school smokeschool smokeschools smoke schools Opacity and visible emissions are measured by transmissometers in accordance with nsps or New Source Performance Standards and SIPs or State Implementation Plans approved by the Environmental Air Pollution to protect and improve air quality.
		EPA or the Environmental Protection Agency often requires transmissometers or continuous opacity monitors sometimes known as coms or opacity meters in place of ve observations for opacity.
		It is important that the opacity observer have the correct sunangle.
	www.eta-is-opacity.com (502 words)

	Photoshop Opacity
		For instance, if a layer’s opacity is set to 100%, then that layer is completely opaque (in other words, you can’t see through it).
		If a layer’s opacity is set to 50%, then it is see-through, or moderately transparent, and layers behind it can show through.
		The opacity setting for each layer can be adjusted simply by highlighting the desired layer and adjusting the slider bar.
	iit.bloomu.edu /vthc/Photoshop/SpecialEffects/opacity.htm (239 words)

	CSS3 module: Color
		There was feedback indicating that this optional extension to the opacity property was not desired, nor would it necessarily be the best way to solve the problem it was trying to address.
		A better way to enable authors to control the styling of elements dependent upon (potentially) hardware dependent support for opacity would be to extend Media Queries to enable style(sheet/rule)s based the presence/absence of such support.
		The format of an HSLA color value in the functional notation is 'hsla(' followed by the hue in degrees, saturation and lightness as a percentage, and an , followed by ')'.
	www.w3.org /TR/2003/WD-css3-color-20030214 (3835 words)

	SHORT HISTORY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS & OPACITY
		Also in the early 1950's, the Ringelmann method was expanded by LA to white and other colors of smoke by the introduction of the idea of "equivalent opacity." Equivalent opacity meant that the white smoke was equivalent to a Ringelmann number in ability to obscure the view of a background.
		In some states, equivalent opacity was still measured in Ringelmann numbers while in others the 0 to 100% scale was used.
		TODAY Opacity remains the mainstay of the federal, state, and local enforcement efforts with more observers certifying annually than at any time in the past.
	www.eta-is-opacity.com /history.htm (1855 words)

	DURAG: Opacity Monitor D-R 290
		A blue gallium nitrate diode, in connection with a fluorescent layer, produces a white light containing the broad band of wavelengths associated with the luminescence material as well as the emission band of a normal light emitting diode.
		The influences of the color, shape, and surface structure of the dust particles are not taken into account, shown in the non-linear relationship between dust load and opacity.
		For example, opacity increases only about 15% when the dust load is doubled in the upper measurement ranges.
	www.durag.com /html/ems/290specs.html (658 words)

	Opacity and Blending
		The opacity fits well with the model defined in Section 1.1 with minute particles that occlude light from behind them.
		That is, the opacity increases by the fraction occluded in the new disk (the first term) that is not already occluded by the cylinder behind it (the second term).
		as the function that is the opacity for a given length through the volume, in practice we are interested only in the opacity of the entire segment.
	www.cs.unm.edu /~kmorel/documents/dissertation/thesis_full/node13.html (412 words)

	Opacity gecko based browsers - Mac Compatible DHTML Menu Xml
		Put the opacity class, whatever you want to name it in the head of the document, or I guess it would work in an external style sheet.
		Opacity applied through css and opacity applied in the overfilter and outfilter settings are completely different...
		However, applying an opacity setting in an alpha() filter, as used in the overfilter or outfilter milonic properties, will only work in IE5.5+ (on Windows), because these filters rely on DirectX technology to render their effect (DirectX being a Microsoft technology).
	www.milonic.com /mfa/2004-June/opacity-gecko-based-browsers.html (2031 words)

	mezzoblue § Opacity Bugs
		I tried to implement opacity (95% if I remember correctly) on some dropdown menus and got some faint ghosting in Firefox (Windows) in the rectangular area that the menus occupy at their largest extent (if that makes sense) when they were in the inactive/mouseout state.
		Here are some general tips to keep subpixel antialiasing working on web pages: if you specify opacity, also specify an opaque background on the same element or on the child elements containing text, or if you’re just playing on the text opacity, use a transparent text color: “color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5)”.
		I tried to set the background opacity in a recent Son of Suckerfish menu nav system and spent close to 3 hours trying to figure out why the 3rd + level menus were not rendering.
	mezzoblue.com /archives/2006/12/12/opacity_bugs (1375 words)

	Widget opacity control... - Konfabulator Forums
		Basically what i want to do is, change the opacity of the entire widget except for a couple of images.
		But the thing is that there are two images in the widget which i want them to keep their original/default opacity value, which is 100%, and that not does happen even though i'm overriding the value define in the preferences by calling the code shown.
		The general opacity slider changes the opacity for the Widget's window, not the objects in it.
	www2.konfabulator.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=15598 (534 words)

	THE OPAL OPACITY CODE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The OPAL code was developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to compute opacities of low- to mid-Z elements.
		Although the calculations were done for a specific composition, opacities for different element abundances can be readily generated from the same monochromatic data by the principle of corresponding states.
		It is anticipated that most needs for astrophysical opacities can be met with a standard set of tables.
	www-phys.llnl.gov /Research/OPAL (552 words)

	Stu Nicholls \| CSSplay \| Partial Opacity
		There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head.
		Placing text over an image can sometimes make it difficult to read, but with these methods the background for the text is made 'opaque' using various methods of opacity (including css3) and the fl text is then quite readable.
		One to hold the background opacity and the other to hold the text.
	www.cssplay.co.uk /opacity/png.html (441 words)

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