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Topic: Open Firmware

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Firmware

BIOS

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Apple Computer

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History of Microsoft Windows

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Dorothy Hodgkin

Apanuugak

	Firmware - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "firmware" was originally coined to indicate a functional replacement for hardware on low cost microprocessors.
		Note that firmware for many devices can now be updated without the need for additional hardware, often through the use of vendor-provided software.
		Open Firmware is notable for being written in the Forth programming language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Firmware (279 words)

	Technical Note TN1061: Fundamentals of Open Firmware, Part I: The User Interface
		Open Firmware is the process that controls the microprocessor after hardware initialization and diagnostics are performed, but before the main Operating System is passed control.
		The Open Firmware user interface, therefore, as specified by the IEEE1275-1994 Specification, is required to allow board designers and driver writers access to their hardware and software to build and debug their expansion device project.
		Open Firmwares terminal emulator allows the use of the arrow keys to return to previous lines so that you may edit a line before trying the offending or unknown word.
	developer.apple.com /technotes/tn/tn1061.html (3244 words)

	Technical Note TN2001: Running files from a hard drive in Open Firmware
		Open Firmware can be a powerful tool for developing and debugging driver code for add-on devices, but is limited in its ability to edit and maintain this code during development.
		Creating and editing Open Firmware code, as it applies to this method, is accomplished in the Mac OS environment, using any text editor or word processor that will save files in a standard text format (i.e., without font, style, or special format information).
		Open Firmware code development can be accomplished on a single machine by alternately creating, editing, and saving a standard text file in Mac OS to the hard drive, then locating, loading, viewing, and booting the same file on the hard drive from Open Firmware.
	developer.apple.com /technotes/tn/tn2001.html (1950 words)

	Open Firmware Home Page (OpenFirmware.ORG)
		Open Firmware is the name given to the IEEE-1275 Standard for Boot (Initialization Configuration) Firmware: Core Requirements and Practices.
		Open Firmware is essentially a specification for a largely machine-independent BIOS based on ANS Forth that is capable of probing and initializing plug-in cards that have on-board IEEE-1275 compliant Fcode in their ROMs.
		The Open Firmware Working Group is an ad-hoc organization that promotes Open Firmware by publishing bindings, clarifications, extensions, and working practice documents to the IEEE 1275 standard.
	www.openfirmware.org (300 words)

	Standards and specs: Open Firmware -- the bridge between power-up and OS
		Open Firmware is software that is used after powering a machine to bring the operating system online (most visibly on PowerPC®; and SPARC systems).
		Open Firmware, written in Forth, is an open standard rather than a proprietary one, still in use even though it has been officially withdrawn by IEEE, the standards body that first published it.
		Open Firmware (OF) has been around a fairly long time, and it is just what the name suggests -- it's open and it's firmware.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/library/pa-spec2.html (3198 words)

	Booting Mac OS X
		The firmware is not part of Mac OS X, but it plays an important role in the operation of the machine, and is useful in debugging.
		An Open Firmware implementation is based on the Forth programming language, in particular, the FCode dialect (FCode is an ANS Forth compliant dialect that supports compilation of FCode source to bytecode).
		Open Firmware (which runs with interrupts disabled) builds a device tree, probes slots for devices, queries PCI devices and assigns them address space appropriately, and then looks for the default boot device (unless one was specified explicitly).
	www.kernelthread.com /mac/osx/arch_boot.html (2320 words)

	Macintosh Security Site -> Open Firmware Password Protection Mac OS
		Enabling the Open Firmware password protection feature is done so at your own risk; the author of this article and/or SecureMac will NOT be held accountable or responsible for whatever you do.
		Apple's latest Open Firmware update introduces support for additional security options which allow the Open Firmware to be password protected.
		The way this password protection feature works is that there's an Open Firmware command "password" which will request you to set your password, and then on confirmation of what you typed as you password, it sets that as the password.
	www.securemac.com /openfirmwarepasswordprotection.php (758 words)

	Comparison with Open Firmware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ACPI and Open Firmware are similar in that some functions of the firmware are written for an interpretor.
		But the most important difference is that ACPI byte code is interpreted by the operating system, while Open Firmware Forth code is interpreted by the firmware itself.
		Firmware cannot figure out all states in the devices, which is especially needed to implement suspend state.
	www.usenix.org /events/usenix02/tech/freenix/full_papers/watanabe/watanabe_html/node18.html (205 words)

	The Open Source WRT54G Story
		Consumer-grade firmware may be buggy, and may be limited in functionality compared to commercial-grade routers designed for business such as those made by Cisco and SonicWall.
		While the newest firmware releases for the major distributions such as Talisman and DD-WRT are compatible with most WRT54G revision, it is important to double check the particular release notes for a firmware version against the WRT54G version.
		Regardless of which firmware you choose, be it a Sveasoft release, DD-WRT, or any other, ultimately you are going to have in your possession a.bin file which needs to be uploaded in to the router.
	www.wi-fiplanet.com /tutorials/article.php/3562391 (2042 words)

	Hardware Independent Boot Code: Open Firmware
		Open Firmware, then called Open Boot, prevented the nightmare by allowing one version of the Boot Rom to run on any configuration of hardware and software, even supporting boot-time operations on third-party plug-in cards.
		The Open Firmware Device Tree is a generic and simple format for a device tree.
		Open firmware makes no restrictions on how the operating system will eventually use this named data, except for reserving certain names to have certain meanings: the "name" property, for example, is always the node name.
	playground.sun.com /pub/1275/mejohnson (2351 words)

	Open Firmware for Microcontrollers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Firmware Factory allows the manufacturer to build an application language that the end user, as well as the manufacturer, can use to add more functionality.
		Firmware Factory allows live debugging that is analogous to "hot-swapping" of hardware modules.
		A monitor program (sometimes referred to in Firmware Factory as the backdoor debugger) is resident on the target device.
	www.tinyboot.com /paper.html (2517 words)

	Introduction (macppc-specific), Diskless NetBSD HOW-TO
		Open Firmware versions 1.0.5, 1.1.22, 2.0.x, and 2.4 support BOOTP (or a DHCP server in BOOTP compatible mode) and expect to load a XCOFF bootloader.
		Open Firmware version 3 supports DHCP (and will fall back to BOOTP) and expects to load an XCOFF or ELF bootloader, or the ELF kernel directly.
		On earlier machines (or if you want to configure your Open Firmware 3 machine to always netboot), you must first get to the Open Firmware prompt and enter a boot command at the prompt.
	www.netbsd.org /Documentation/network/netboot/intro.macppc.html (813 words)

	NetBSD/macppc Frequently Asked Questions
		Open Firmware, as specified by "IEEE Std 1275-1994: IEEE Standard for Boot Firmware (Initialization Configuration) Firmware: Core Requirements and Practices" and its supplements, is a platform-independent boot firmware.
		Open Firmware uses a different device path depending on the model of the card and the PCI slot it is located in.
		Open Firmware either can't open the device you specified (because it is not present or the device path is mistyped) or the file you specified.
	www.netbsd.org /Ports/macppc/faq.html (9900 words)

	Articles - Open Firmware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Open Firmware (also, OpenBoot) is a hardware-independent firmware (computer software which loads the operating system), developed by Sun Microsystems, and used in post-NuBus PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh computers, Sun Microsystems SPARC based workstations and servers, IBM POWER systems, and PegasosPPC systems, among others.
		On those computers, Open Firmware fulfills the same tasks as BIOS does on PC computers.
		This functionality is generally only used by developers; for common users, the Mac OS X operating system provides a high level graphical user interface to change commonly used Open Firmware settings.
	www.hailstone.biz /articles/Open_Firmware (419 words)

	Open Source Firmware - COWON America Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Linksys has made their router firmware open source and so far the results have been very impressive.
		The iRiver firmware is just so crap that so many people have got pissed off with it and now people are reverse engineering the iRiver firmware and are building their own.
		It's the same for the Neuros firmware - essentially the open source bit is completely useless seing that nobody can prog for it seeing that there is no way of them getting their hands on a compiler legally.
	www.jetaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?p=11945 (1359 words)

	macosxlabs.org - Documentation
		This command line tool ("OFPW") can set the Open Firmware security-mode and security-password, when executed with sudo or as the "root" user context (ie, from within Login and Logout Hooks, logged in as root, etc.).
		This tool can set the open firmware password without having to know the encryption method of the password.
		The Open Firmware password dialog is displayed when the mode is changed to command and the Option key is held down at boot up time:
	archive.macosxlabs.org /documentation/ofpw_tool/intro.html (458 words)

	AppleTechs.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		What this allows you to do is password protect your computer's ability to boot (See this article for some more info on Open Firmware).
		What this will do is drop you into open firmware when the machine is started and if you password protect open firmware using the open firmware utility in OS X or 9 and set the password the machine will start right in open firmware and then type mac-boot and it will ask for a password.
		At the open firmware screen for mac OSX users what is the password you use after you type "mac-boot".
	www.appletechs.com /archives/00000070.html (699 words)

	Mac OS X 10.1 Security Feature - Apple Includes Open Firmware Password App \|\| The Mac Observer
		When you first run Open Firmware Password, you are presented with a window that says "The Open Firmware password is used to prevent others from starting your computer with a different disk.
		Please do, be careful that is. There may well be a way for reversing an Open Firmware lock, but we don't know what it is. Turning your Mac into a useless, but beautiful, hunk of plastic in the name of security would be a terrible waste.
		Those that travel, those with sensitive materials, and those who are just plain paranoid can use Open Firmware Password to make sure that if their Mac falls into the wrong hands, it will at least be exceedingly difficult to do anything with it other than part it out.
	www.macobserver.com /article/2001/10/08.8.shtml (1100 words)

	macosxlabs.org - Documentation
		To use Open Firmware password protection, your hardware must support it, and you must use Open Firmware version 4.1.7 or newer.
		Another way to tell the Open Firmware version is by the header message presented in the Open Firmware user interface.
		For details on installing the Open Firmware update, see our "Configuration" page or read the "About Firmware Update" file that came with the firmware update.
	archive.macosxlabs.org /documentation/firmware_security/requirements/requirements.html (480 words)

	Devicescape Software: OpenAP Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The source is no longer available here but we are in the process of planning a new fully updated release in the coming months.
		The OpenAP Project is a legacy, unsupported open source project originally introduced by Devicescape Software, then Instant802 Networks back in 2002.
		Loading open source software into your access point or client may void your manufacturer’s warranty and could result in loss of functionality of your hardware.
	opensource.instant802.com (190 words)

	WebHome < Main < neuros-firmware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Welcome to the Neuros open source firmware project.
		These will be considerably more open, powerful and hacking-friendly, without most of the issues that plagued Neuros I/II open firmware developement.
		We are a group of developers working together with the goal of improving the firmware for the Neuros portable digital audio player.
	neuros-firmware.sourceforge.net (226 words)

	about: Open Firmware & Open Boot
		I would like to see decent open firmware tutorial or something along those lines...
		Oh, and about that 'do NOT try this at home' disclaimer at the top -- if you start poking about and changing things at the Open Firmware prompt level, it is possible that you'll turn your very expensive machine into a door-stop.
		Now once you've read all that Open Firmware stuff, and the OS X man page for 'nvram', you can then access (read or WRITE) some Open Firmware variables from the OS X command line, not that you'd want to [remember reading that disclaimer about doorstops in the last paragraph?]
	bigblueroom.net /aboutopenfirmwareopet.html (210 words)

	Upgrade the Linksys WRT54G with open source firmware
		But what makes the $60 router unique is the fact that its firmware is based on Linux.
		I had to gut the router many times in order to short it out to reset the firmware and start over.
		Linksys are probably pissed right now that they've had to make their entire firmware source public, but they will soon realise that its one of the best things they have done.
	digg.com /hardware/Upgrade_the_Linksys_WRT54G_with_open_source_firmware (906 words)

	ResExcellence \| One Button Booting from Classic to MacOS X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With a simple text file and a few lines typed into Open Firmware, we can tell the computer to look at a text file for instructions first.
		Welcome to Open Firmware, the system time and date is: 20:31:45 04/10/2002 The battery capacity is: 42 percent To continue booting, type "mac-boot" and press return.
		I have used this trick to boot into Linux and MacOS X on a variety of machines for several years, but it's possible there is a version of Open Firmware that this will not work under.
	www.resexcellence.com /hack_html_02/04-11-02.shtml (673 words)

	macosxhints - Protect your Mac using an Open Firmware banner
		To exit Open Firmware, even if your OF Password is set, just type "boot" at the prompt.
		Numero Uno, Open Firmware password protection is dependent upon the physical security of the unit.
		I personally have never used it nor ever will until the RAM override mechanism is removed which will never be since Apple was concerned about thousands of units which could potentially be locked forever if someone tried to use password protection and subsequently forgot their password.
	www.macosxhints.com /article.php?story=2005010300260868 (2150 words)

	Mac OS X Security - Open Firmware Password (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Open Firmware is located on the computer hardware.
		The easiest way to turn on Open Firmware security and to set the password is to use Apple's Open Firmware Password utility.
		On the other hand, if you need to change all of your open firmware passwords, this tool can be a great time saver.
	www.macos.utah.edu /Documentation/macosx/security/openfirmware.html (604 words)

	Mac Geekery - Open Firmware Tricks
		Reduce the amount of memory your computer uses, or "remove" a RAM stick in software by editing what Open Firmware sees on the logic board.
		Useless trivia: A side effect of Open Firmware's stack-based command structure is that it doubles as an RPN calculator.
		You can access Open Firmware over telnet if you really want to.
	www.macgeekery.com /node/96 (267 words)

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