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Topic: Open field system

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	Encyclopedia: Open field system
		Open fields appeared to have developed in the medieval period, and were particularly well suited to the very heavy ploughs that were used to cut through the heavy clay soil in North West Europe.
		The primary area of open field management was in the lowland areas of England in a broad swath from Yorkshire and Lincolnshire diagonally across England to the south, taking in parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, large areas of the Midlands, and most of south central England.
		The open field system was the prevalent agricultural system in Europe from the Dark Ages to as recently as the 20th century in places.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Open-field-system (1889 words)

	Open system (system theory) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The definition of a "system" is arbitrary; a system may be defined as the region of space under study being characterized by a collection of components or elements related in some way.
		The definition of an open system assumes that there are supplies of energy that cannot be depleted; in practice, this energy is supplied from some source in the surrounding environment, which can be treated as infinite for the purposes of study.
		An example of an open system is the space tether, which uses the ground and the ionosphere as parts of an electrical circuit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_system_(system_theory) (292 words)

	Archaeology Review 1996 - 97 : 4.20.13 Conserving open field systems in the Midlands
		The percentage of survival of each system in the form of earthworks has then been calculated using modern parishes as the initial assessment unit in the absence of consistent earlier evidence of townships, enabling an initial ranking of field systems.
		Field systems will then be scored according to the definition of the monument class description, and carried forward to the fieldwork stage of assessment for scheduling and other means of conservation as appropriate.
		The entire field system actually constitutes the monument, but because, even in the very best preserved townships, less than 50% of the system survives, it will also be necessary to carry out a programme of recording.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /archrev/rev96_7/ofsmid.htm (716 words)

	Magnetic field - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A magnetic field is a vector field: it associates with every point in space a vector that may vary in time.
		The direction of the field is the equilibrium direction of a compass needle placed in the field.
		Technically, the magnetic field isn't a vector according to the formal definition, it is a pseudovector: it gains an extra sign flip under improper rotations of the coordinate system.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Magnetic_field (626 words)

	Open field system
		The system has its origins in feudal society, with peasants allotted strips of land by a landowner in exchange for their military support.
		Each village would be surrounded by three large fields, with each field containing a different crop as part of a three field crop rotation.
		The fields would be split into a series of long strips (about an acre in area) divided by furrows.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/op/Open_field_system.html (352 words)

	High-field open MRI magnet isolation system and method - US Patent 6774633 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Open MRI magnets, including "C" shape and support-post MRI magnets, typically employ two spaced-apart coil assemblies with the space between the assemblies containing the imaging volume and allowing for access by medical personnel for surgery or other medical procedures during magnetic resonance imaging.
		The isolation system 20 is preferably selected such that its damping function minimizes the magnet system Q factor and controls the bandwidth of the vibrational response at the predominant exciting frequencies.
		Furthermore, the damping of the isolators is adjusted to minimize the magnet system Q factor and control the bandwidth of the vibrational response of the magnet system at the predominant exciting frequencies.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6774633.html (4161 words)

	MRI system having high field strength open access magnet - Patent 5378988 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The MRI system of claim 1, wherein the magnet system further comprises two conically shaped electromagnets on the central axis of the C-shape solenoidal magnets, one adjacent and in the center of the N-poles of the C-shape solenoidal magnets and the second adjacent and in the center of the S-poles of the C-shape solenoidal magnets.
		The MRI system of claim 7, wherein the magnet system further comprises two conically shaped electromagnets on the central axis of the C-shape solenoidal magnets, one adjacent and in the center of the N-poles of the C-shape solenoidal magnets and the second adjacent and in the center of the S-poles of the C-shape solenoidal magnets.
		In preferred magnetic systems in accord with the present invention, a mutual magnetic coupling geometry is configured to minimize leakage flux and to maximize flux coupling for producing maximal field contribution to the central imaging area by appropriate coil configuration and connection.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5378988.html (2293 words)

	British Agricultural Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The system was essentially post-feudal, with each farmer subsistence-cropping strips of land in one of three large fields held in common.
		Beginning as early as the 12th century, some of the common fields in Britain were enclosed into individually owned fields, and the process rapidly accelerated in the 15th and 16th centuries as sheep farming grew more profitable.
		During the Middle Ages, the open field system had employed a three year crop rotation, with a different crop in each of the three fields, eg.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution (1050 words)

	Open field system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Each village would be surrounded by several large open fields, usually not physically divided from each other, with each fieldcontaining a different crop as part of a three field crop rotation.
		In addition to the three fields, there would be common land where the villagerswould graze their livestock, woodland for the pigs, and a communal village green for social events.
		Poor harvests in the late 17th century calledfor a rethinking of current farming techniques, and the subsequent agricultural revolution sounded the death knell for open field farming in Britain, with newdevelopments in farming practices requiring larger enclosed areas to be workable.
	www.therfcc.org /RFCC/open-field-system-64257.html (459 words)

	open-field system -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Crop rotation was by the two-field system (q.v.
		Crop rotation was by the two-field system (q.v.) in the earlier age and by the three-field system...
		Such a system had long been in force in China, and the Japanese ritsuryo was an imitation of the lü-ling of T'ang China and incorporated many of its original articles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057177 (912 words)

	Open-field system (from history of agriculture) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		On his death in 1906, Field bequeathed generous sustaining funds and a sum to erect a new museum building (completed in 1921) to house exhibits, research collections, and a library primarily devoted to anthropology, botany,...
		In the old two-field system half the land was sown to crop and half left fallow each season; in the three-field system, however, only a third of the land lay fallow.
		Arable land was divided into two fields or groups of fields; one group was planted to wheat, barley, or rye, while the other was allowed to lie fallow until the next planting season to recover its fertility.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-10569 (886 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Agricultural Revolution : The Four Field System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He divided his fields up into four different types of produce with wheat in the first field, clover (or ryegrass) in the second, oats or barley in the third and, in the fourth, turnips or swedes.
		The yield of the crop from the field decreased.
		Enclosed literally meant that a field was surrounded by a fence or a hedge.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/003f.html (882 words)

	Open-Field Soilless Culture of Vegetables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fields with nutgrass will be a challenge for developing alternative fumigation systems to replace methyl bromide.
		Soilless systems are particularly adapted to small farms producing a variety of crops, but also can be used by growers producing crops in large fields.
		Soilless culture can be practiced on any field site on the farm, but when possible, growers should chose areas free of weeds such as nutsedge and areas least likely to flood (Figure 6).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /HS176 (1950 words)

	AGU Web Site: A Beginner's Guide to the Earth's Magnetosphere
		The magnetosphere is the region of space to which the Earth's magnetic field is confined by the solar wind plasma blowing outward from the Sun, extending to distances in excess of 60,000 kilometers from Earth.
		The second principle concerns the force that the magnetic field exerts on the plasma, which usually opposes the bending and twisting of the field, or its compression, in the frozen-in flow.
		Given a planetary "bar magnet" field that produces a field strength of about 30,000 nT at the Earth's surface at the equator, estimates place the boundary, called the magnetopause, at a geocentric distance of about 10 Earth radii on the upstream (day) side, and this is where it is generally observed.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/cowley.html (3002 words)

	History of THE MANORIAL SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The system of labour and of rent which develops on a medieval manor is also immensely variable.
		One field is planted in the spring with oats, barley or vegetables such as peas and beans.
		But the trend is everywhere the same - transforming the open fields of the Middle Ages into the fenced, hedged or walled fields of the individual farms which are characteristic of today's landscape.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac80 (1689 words)

	English Farming: Chapter VII
		The cultivated fields were generally foul, if not from the fault of the occupier, from the slovenliness of his neighbours; the turf-balks harboured twitch; the triennial fallows left their heritage of crops of docks and thistles.
		It was, notes Marshall in 1786, "not long ago an open arable county; now it is a continuous sheet of greensward." The vale of Belvoir, which, in the days of Plattes, was considered to be the richest corn-district in the country, had been laid down to grass before the time of Defoe (1722-38).
		In Scotland the "Tullian system" was enthusiastically preached by the Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture in Scotland (founded 1723, dissolved 1745), by Lord Cathcart, and by Mr.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/010136ernle/010136ch7.htm (9014 words)

	Shropshire Routes to Roots \| Changes in People and Landscape \| The Landscape of Sheinton
		Under the Midland System two open-fields were ploughed and sown on an annual basis and the third field was rested (fallow).
		Each field was divided into strips (selions) which were allocated among the lord, his tenants and the incumbent.
		The cropping of these fields was controlled by a 'Field Master' or 'Reeve' appointed by the manor court.
	www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk /roots/packages/lan/lan_y02.htm (219 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This type of system requires a room for the system and a separate room for the magnet.
		Open MRI systems look like a long operating table with circular object mounted above the head of it and below it.
		It requires one room for the system, because the magnet is built on the inside of the system.
	mccoy.lib.siu.edu /sileven/health_leisure/MRIsystem.html (790 words)

	The Peasants: Advances in Agricultural Technology, 800-1000			The huts were sometimes grouped around a central open place, or green, in which the peasants might graze their animals.
		One of the fields was plowed in the early spring and planted in grain.
		Just before the weeds in the fallow field were ready to seed, the field was plowed a second time and the weeds turned under.
	www.ku.edu /kansas/medieval/108/lectures/peasants.html (1527 words)

	Company News
		The GE Signa 3.0T system is a high performance neuroimaging system, built with a whold-body magnet and gradient platform system operating at 3.0 Tesla.
		He said that equipped with a full array of clinical applications, and combined with the higher sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution that high field units provide, 3T MR units are going to assume a leading position in clinical MR.
		Wipro GE Medical Systems and the MRI Department of Dr.Balabhai Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai jointly organised a symposium on "New Advances in MR imaging" on July 28, 2001.
	www.gehealthcare.com /inen/company/imagesjournal/nov2001/mrisystem.html (878 words)

	NEH 2000 Summer Seminar - Site Visit #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Today, the village of Laxton in Nottinghamshire is well known nationally for the survival of the system of Open Field farming.
		A substantial part of the farmland within the parish has escaped enclosure, both by act of Parliament and private agreement; this unenclosed land is organised into three open fields, farmed in common, with tenants holding land in strips.
		In addition there are large areas of enclosed land within the parish, and a number of farmsteads with their origins in the 18th century, which wholly comprise enclosed land.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/site1.html (1240 words)

	GBI’s commitment to excellence in medical imaging and patient comfort continues with the area’s first ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The examination area is open on four sides, eliminating the sense of enclosure for the patient and allowing complete access to the patient by healthcare professionals.
		Open MRI systems combine patient comfort with consistent, high-quality images for comprehensive diagnosis.
		Fears are further eased with an intercom system that allows communications between the patient and the technologist at all times.
	www.greatbasinimaging.com /articles/MRI-020105.htm (390 words)

	Open Field website
		The Open Field Foundation was created to protect and sustain the unique and diverse ecology associated with open land, and to explore alternative uses for productive agricultural acreage.
		Instead it seeks to help in the development of new models for the small farm, which will allow a land based way of life and the ecology of the open field to sustain themselves indefinitely.
		The Founders recognize that new land uses that emerge will be diverse and organic in nature, changing and adapting to the skills and interests of those who contribute their efforts to the endeavor.
	www.open-field.org (299 words)

	Crop Management - Galileo Open Field Controller - Technical Information
		In a conventional method, an electric wire is extended from each output or input to every unit in the field.
		Galileo Open Field system can be remote controlled by central computer, which can communicate with a network of controllers up to 256 units by different methods.
		By a cellular telephone modem (it must be verified that the cellular system is suited for data transmission).
	www.netafim-usa-agriculture.com /Agriculture/p-crops/p-galileo-OPEN-controller-tech.php (780 words)

	Background to History / Open Field Farming Songs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the main elements in any assessment of the medieval open field farming system is the availability of oxen for the winter plowing.
		Graham Chapman: This is not to say of course that the system was as sophisticated as it later came to be.
		Eric Idle: That was a talk on the open field farming system by Professor Angus Jones.
	arago4.tn.utwente.nl /stonedead/albums-cds/sketches/matching-tie-and-handkerchief/background-to-history.html (303 words)

	The Open Field System
		§ As the requirements of the open farming system were very simple all the needs of the villages were catered for in the village, e.g.
		§ The open field system meant that the villages were able to provide for themselves as they bred all their animals and grew all their own vegetables and grain.
		§ The open field system benefited the poorest people in the village, as they were able to use the resources of the land, e.g.
	www.coursework.info /i/26260.html (337 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - SOS Teacher History Britain 18th to 20th C agriculture
		This answer is posted on behalf of Di One of the main reasons for needing extra food was a big increase in population.
		I’ll also give you some ideas of the disadvantages of the open field system so that you’ll be able to work out an answer for your homework.
		The crop-rotation system used meant that the fields would not be producing a crop every third year.
	www30.thdo.bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/sosteacher/history/50744.shtml (266 words)

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