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Topic: Open shell

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	Open shell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the context of atomic orbitals, an open shell is a valence shell which is not completely filled with electrons or which has not given all of its valence electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction.
		Having an open shell means that one or more electrons in the outer shell of the element is (are) available to react with an external atom or molecule to establish a chemical bond and is therefore unstable.
		When a reaction fills an open shell or removes all of its valence electrons, it releases energy and the resulting product is at a lower energy level and more stable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_shell (271 words)

	Apparatus and method for removing a very open shell from a forming mandrel - Patent 5117688
		The fixed claws of the shell removal mechanism are spaced axially somewhat less than the length of the very open shell to leave room between the claws for access by a mechanism for closing the shell and outboard of the claws for installation of end caps.
		The openings of claws 308,310 are size so that when mandrel carrier 36 is moved outwardly by mechanism 274, mandrel 76 and very open shell 28 move through the openings in claws 308,310 while lips 20c,20t remain outside the openings and held against the mandrel by hook 158 and clamping fingers 252,254, respectively.
		Opening 426 is also sized to permit the shell to spring into and be firmly held within the central opening due to the spring force of the shell.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5117688.html (8809 words)

	Karl Shell
		Shell (1973) provides the first growth model in which inventive activity depends on the prevailing industrial organization.
		Yves Balasko and Shell provided the equilibrium and welfare analyses of monetary (and nonmonetary) general OG economies.
		Shell spent 1984-85 in Stanford as a fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
	www.karlshell.com (394 words)

	Encyclopedia: Open shell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom, which contains the electrons most likely to account for the nature of any reactions involving the atom and of the bonding interactions it has with other atoms.
		The octet rule is a simple chemical theory that states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, similar to the electronic configuration of a noble gas.
		In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Open-shell (578 words)

	Shell Info \| Project Underground (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Their only crime was their success in exposing the Shell Petroleum Company's role in destroying their land, their society, and their people.
		Seeking to portray critics as pessimistic and paranoid, one ad read: "The world in which companies use their influence to prop up or bring down governments would be a frightening and bleak one indeed".
		For the people of Colombia who have watched BP hire whole battalions of their military, or the people of the Congo Republic who watched last month as their President was ousted because he dared to challenge Elf Aquitane's monopoly on his country's oil, ours is, indeed, a frightening and bleak world.
	www.moles.org /ProjectUnderground/motherlode/shell/shellgame.html (619 words)

	Shell Command Language
		The shell performs various expansions (separately) on different parts of each command, resulting in a list of pathnames and fields to be treated as a command and arguments; see Word Expansions.
		Shell Execution Environment), PPID shall be set to the same value as that of the parent of the current shell.
		When the shell is waiting, by means of the wait utility, for asynchronous commands to complete, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set shall cause the wait utility to return immediately with an exit status >128, immediately after which the trap associated with that signal shall be taken.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/xcu_chap02.html (12205 words)

	Apparatus for forming a very open shell for lateral loading of product - Patent 5125254 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		For example, the very open shell may be formed by several die segments that move in radially around the mandrel, by elastomeric dies that engage the very open form shell and yield as the shell is wrapped about the mandrel or by inflatable tools which form the shell about the mandrel.
		At a shell removal station, the mandrel and clamped shell are moved essentially parallel to the axis of rotation of the forming dial to a position where the mandrel and shell enter the fixed claws of a nest fixture of a shell removal mechanism.
		Then, very open shell 28 may be closed about the prewound spool to a substantially cylindrical configuration 30 with the lead end of strip 12 captured between lips 20c,20t.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5125254.html (6759 words)

	Shell Houston Open News
		Shell Houston Open News continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
		The PGA Tour announced its 2007 schedule Friday, allowing Shell Houston Open officials to breathe a sigh of relief.
		Billy Andrade was relieved when he found the magic bullet, because he'd grown weary of shooting himself in the foot -- or, more to the point, he had enough of misfiring from more than a foot.
	www.topix.net /golf/pga-shell-houston-open (606 words)

	Open-Shell Theory
		The open-shell theory described here is restricted by two simplifying assumptions: (1) the total energy is expressible in terms of the shell-averaged one-electron, coulomb, and exchange integrals already defined [14] for closed shells, and (2) the total energy can be written in terms of only one open-shell density matrix [15].
		The one-electron energy for both closed and open shells will be given simply by the product of the occupation numbers and the one-electron MO integrals.
		The electron repulsion energy between open shells depends on the spin and spatial coupling of the occupied spinorbitals in the wavefunctions for the various terms.
	www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu /~sbrozell/soci/node3.html (396 words)

	Open-Shell Energy Coefficients
		The coefficients describing the electron repulsion interactions within and between open shells must be consistent with the number of electrons involved.
		shell is multiplied both by this spatial factor and by a two-electron singlet spin factor, the electrons in both factors being numbered
		There can be two shells of the same symmetry only if the same coefficients can serve both as intrashell and intershell coefficients.
	www.univie.ac.at /columbus/documentation/fulldoc/scfpq/node4.html (1128 words)

	JavaScript Shell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Open the shell or get the Shell bookmarklet (Firefox only).
		If the shell is opened using a bookmarklet, JavaScript typed into the shell runs in the context of the original window.
		Use the shell like you would use the home screen of a calculator such as a TI-83.
	www.squarefree.com /shell (261 words)

	Open Site in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The open politics movement parallels the free software and open content movements, and relies on both to create what is claimed to be a more open and transparent means of decision making in politics.
		A cold open in a television program or movie is the technique of jumping directly into a story at the beginning..., the cold open can last anywhere from less than a minute up to ten minutes or more in rare circumstances..
		Open FX Open FX is an Open Source free modeling and animation studio, distributed under the GNU General Public License, created by Dr. Stuart Ferguson, who made the decision to release the source code to the public..
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Open+Site/5 (1003 words)

	4. RHF Open Shell Calculation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		If the user wishes to modify this occupancy and define the shell structure characterising the wavefunction, then the OPEN directive must be used to specify the electronic distribution in the open-shell orbitals.
		The input orbitals must be arranged such that the doubly occupied manifold precedes the open shell orbitals (grouped according to shell).
		Equally the default high-spin open shell occupancy means that the OPEN defaults apply, so that the directive is not required.
	www.cse.clrc.ac.uk /qcg/gamess-uk/manual-6.3/chap2/node5.html (1542 words)

	Shell Gas Credit Card - Info Shell Gas Credit Card (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		On the shell gas credit card bond market, borrowers package their debt shell gas credit card in the form shell gas credit card of bonds.
		Data shell gas credit card as to shell gas credit card credit risk shell gas credit card are supplied by agencies organized for that shell gas credit card purpose.
		Ship brokers keep informed shell gas credit card of the movement shell gas credit card of vessels, of cargo space available, shell gas credit card and shell gas credit card of rates for shipment shell gas credit card and sell this information to shippers.
	gascreditcard.azawia.com /shellgascreditcard.html (910 words)

	Softpanorama Virtual Library: Open Source Shells Webliography
		An introductory paper Slightly Skeptical View on Shell discusses the shell as a scripting language and as one of the earliest examples of very high level languages.
		The friendly interactive shell is a shell focused on interactive use, discoverability, and friendliness.
		The Perl Shell (psh) is an interactive command-line Unix shell that aims to bring the benefits of Perl scripting to a shell context and the shell's interactive execution model to Perl.
	www.softpanorama.org /Scripting/shells.shtml (6862 words)

	Verbs and File Associations (Windows Explorer and Controls)
		Used by the Shell to expose the contents of a file in the context of a specific user.
		When the Shell calls DdeConnect to establish the DDE connection, a handle to this string is passed in the hszService parameter.
		When the Shell calls DdeConnect to establish the DDE connection, a handle to this string is passed in the hszTopic parameter.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/shellcc/platform/shell/programmersguide/shell_basics/shell_basics_extending/fileassociations/fa_verbs.asp (1439 words)

	Accurate properties for open-shell states of large molecules
		Chemists are usually introduced to molecular electronic structure in terms of filled shells of molecular orbitals: functions that describe the behaviour of each electron in the molecule.
		In these filled shells or closed-shell systems, each molecular orbital is occupied by a pair of electrons which differ in their spin states: one having spin up and the other spin down.
		As part of another project we are coupling this technique to the CASPT2 method to treat open shells, and our plan is to examine fitting methods that will extend this to molecules of perhaps hundreds of atoms.
	www.osti.gov /scidac/updatestaylor.html (882 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Shell stitch is used to create a shell model from a collection of surfaces.
		Shell unstitch is used to return a shell model into a collection of surfaces.
		For example, if a fillet is required along an edges of a shell, the shell must be unstitched, filleted, and stitched again.
	www.cclabs.missouri.edu /things/instruction/aw/Stitch.html (629 words)

	Shell Houston Open Tickets - Shell Houston Open Golf Tournament Tickets - Golf Ticket Brokers
		If the Shell Houston Open tickets you are looking for are not available, please check back as our inventory is constantly updated.
		Orders for Shell Houston Open tickets that are no longer available will be cancelled or substituted at the customer's discretion.
		If you would like to attend a Shell Houston Open event to see golf action live, or to see a team schedule and information, Coast to Coast Tickets is your source.
	www.coasttocoasttickets.com /golf/shellhoustonopen_tickets.shtml (400 words)

	Shell Houston Open News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The unofficial weblog for Shell Houston Open news.
		He has a PGA Tour title to his credit in the Shell Houston Open and has career earnings of nearly $2 million.
		Shell Houston Open News is proudly powered by WordPress
	www.sportsblogz.com /ShellHoustonOpen (186 words)

	Generalised open-shell calculations (GRHF)
		To use this expression it is necessary to divide the orbital list into shells and specify the one-electron and two-electron coupling coefficients (i.e.
		For example, there is one occupied shell for closed-shell SCF, two for high-spin open-shell (ROHF), three for open-shell singlets and so on.
		A set of orbitals belongs to the same shell if all their coupling coefficients are the same.
	www-theor.ch.cam.ac.uk /software/cadpac/chap2/node6.html (1038 words)

	The Georgia Shell Club
		The Georgia Shell Club is a non-profit organization dedicated to the appreciation of all aspects of the science and beauty of seashells.
		The Georgia Shell Club was instrumental in having the Georgia State Legislature declare the Knobbed Whelk the official state shell of Georgia.
		Shell Art: Amy Edwards' page has some fantastic art, including several seashell paintings.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~amylyne/GSC/gashell.htm (505 words)

	HOME - Shell Canvas Website
		Shell Canvas - The Philippines' Leading Fabric and Furnishing House
		Shell Canvas is the Philippines' leading fabrics and furnishing house for domestic and contract use.
		Shell Canvas provides its customers with extraordinary personalized attention and a myriad of customer services.
	www.shellcanvas.net (121 words)

	INVESTIGATION OF DIPOLE RESONANCES IN OPEN SHELL NUCLEI BASED ON DIRECT REACTION INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The main difference in direct reaction spectroscopy for nuclei with closed and open shells manifests in a quantity of residual nuclei states displayed in pick-up reactions.
		The width of resonance?s in open shell nuclei is larger than in closed shell nuclei.
		The configuration splitting clearly seen in closed shell nuclei as two peaks formed by transition from valence and more deep shells is broken in open shell nuclei.
	www.inr.ac.ru /~polonski/abstracts/goncharova1.htm (248 words)

	Shell Lubricants US
		Shell lubricants companies have launched a revitalized range of mineral and synthetic industrial gear oils for the US market.
		Shell ROTELLA® is the primary sponsor for the No 50.
		Shell Lubricants (Shell) proudly announces the launch of its latest can seaming lubricant, Shell FM Gear Oil TLS 150.
	www.shell-lubricants.com (189 words)

	Singh edges Hoch and Huston as the Shell Houston Open finally finishes up
		Vijay Singh won his second Shell Houston Open title in three years Monday as he edged Scott Hoch and John Huston on a most welcome sunny day.
		Singh shared the lead with John Huston in the rain-delayed Shell Houston Open going into the last round, but he pulled away with a 4-under 68 for his sixth straight win when leading after three rounds.
		Singh opened the event with a 74, but his second-round 66 equaled the low round of the tournament.
	www.pga.com /news/tours/pga-tour/shell042604.cfm (997 words)

	In the Shell Main
		Welcome to in the Shell, a site dedicated to Ghost in the Shell (Kokaku kidotai) in all its incarnations, and to the philosophy found there.
		Ghost in the Shell (anime) is copyright Masamune Shirow/Kodansha Ltd./Bandai Visual Co., Ltd./Manga Entertainment.
		The design of in the Shell was inspired by a very old version of Neil Creek's Graviton City, the best Project A-ko site (and, heck, one of the best sites overall) on the Web.
	www.neomythos.com /intheshell (309 words)

	The Shell Shop, Specialists in Marine Sea Shells, Giant Clams, Coral, & Sea Shell Jewelry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Renowned throughout the world, The Shell Shop is the place to find Sea Clams, decorative corals, unique crafted sea shell jewelry and shells of all types.
		The extensive selection of jewelry is entirely crafted from sea shells imported from many tropical areas of the world.
		Sea shells, mostly by-products of the fishing industry, and related items are imported from over 22 countries.
	www.theshellshop.net (215 words)

	GOLFONLINE - 2004 Shell Houston Open
		Things began to change for Vijay after he opened the Masters with rounds of 75-73 to just make the cut.
		Until this year, the Shell Houston Open had great weather in the last decade or so.
		Other highs for Vijay: His opening 74 was the highest opening round by a winner since Mark O'Meara shot a first-round 74 in the 1998 Masters.
	www.golfonline.com /golfonline/features/johnson/columnist/0,17742,629892,00.html (988 words)

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