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Topic: Open source intelligence

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	Culture & Context: Open source intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A deeper more critical discussion of the issue is on Homeland Security Watch, which points to an audio webcast of the release of a new report, Open Source Information: The Missing Dimension of Intelligence.
		Many in the intelligence community are well aware of the value of open source information and the universe of experts outside of the classified world, but there is no comprehensive program to exploit this talent.
		Managing this collected intelligence so that it’s most useful for the most people will be a huge job.
	www.fcw.com /blogs/archives/culture/2006/03/open_source_int.asp (307 words)

	Open source intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is an intelligence gathering discipline that involves collecting information from open sources and analyzing it to produce usable intelligence.
		In the intelligence community, the term "open" refers to overt, publicly available sources (as opposed to covert or classified sources); it is not related to open-source software.
		In December 2005, the Director of National Intelligence appointed Eliot A. Jardines as the Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source to serve as the Intelligence Community's senior intelligence officer for open source and to provide strategy, guidance and oversight for the National Open Source Enterprise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_source_intelligence (1869 words)

	Open source journalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open source journalism, a close cousin to citizen journalism or participatory journalism, is a term coined in the title of a 1999 article by Andrew Leonard of Salon.com.
		The term 'open source journalism' is often used to describe a spectrum on online publications: from various forms of semi-participatory online community journalism (as exemplified by projects such as the copyright newspaper NorthWest Voice), through to genuine open source news publications (such as the Spanish 20 Minutes, and WikiNews).
		Yet the term's use of open source clearly currently implies the meaning as given to it by the open source software movement; where the source code of programs is published openly to allow anyone to locate and fix mistakes or add new functions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_source_journalism (547 words)

	Open source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open source politics — is a term used to describe a political process that uses Internet technologies such as blogs and email to provide for a rapid feedback mechanism between political organizations and their supporters.
		Open source journalism — referred to the standard journalistic techniques of news gathering and fact checking, and reflected a similar term that was in use from 1992 in military intelligence circles, open source intelligence.
		Open Source Yoga Unity — A nonprofit California corporation, was formed to provide a common voice, and the pooling of resources, to resist the enforcement of the copyright protection of any Yoga style thereby ensuring its continued natural unfettered practice for all to enjoy and develop.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/OpenSource (2680 words)

	Interviews from an Open Source Intelligence Conference \| Echo Chamber Project
		Open Source Intelligence has also been traditionally underfunded and undervalued within the intelligence community, partly because of the vested interests of defense contractors have been influencing the political decision makers, who have been continuing to invest in very expensive satellite equipment and other types of fancy signals intelligence collection technologies.
		The openness and transparency of journalism and the scientific method creates generates knowledge from the feedback and conversations that are started -- while the sense making capabilities of classified world of intelligence analysis is limited by the obsession with secrecy and a closed infrastructure that blocks the flow of information and context between compartmentalized silos.
		So openness, transparency, authenticity and a dedication to education seem to be the key differences that allow journalists and academics to create symbiotic relationships and better networks of distributed knowledge than the governmental intelligence agencies.
	www.echochamberproject.com /osint (1671 words)

	Migrating Open Source Intelligence Insights Into Participatory Journalism \| Echo Chamber Project
		In both cases, the cooperative principles of Open Source holds the keys to unlocking these potentials of the wisdom of the crowd and the trust of the electorate.
		However, if Steele's vision of a public intelligence initiative comes to pass, then there would be more of an effort to help make these types of analytical techniques more available with open source technology, and into the hands of people who could use them to help think about complex issues of concern to them.
		Again, the fields of open source intelligence analysis and participatory journalism are on a trajectory to collide.
	www.echochamberproject.com /opensourceintelligence (4265 words)

	Stalder/Hirsh: Open Source Intelligence
		The condensed outcome of these experiences is a realization that a sustainable, open and collaborative practice is difficult to achieve and that new specialized approaches must be developed in order to sustain the fine balance between openness and a healthy signal/noise ratio.
		It is also important to note that an often overlooked characteristic of open source collaboration is the flexible degree of involvement in and responsibility for the process that can be accommodated.
		Following the open source peer-review maxim, formulated by Eric Raymond as "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," this allows the project to grow not only in number of articles, but also in terms of the articles' depth, which should improve over time through the collective input of knowledgeable readers.
	felix.openflows.org /html/osi.html (5348 words)

	OJR article: Flinging Open the Doors toIntelligence Gathering
		Knowledgeable observers suggest that as much as 80 percent of the intelligence required to support informed policy-making is available via open-source channels, and that the habits of secrecy, bureaucracy and "stove-piping" are all that stand between us and greater access to those sources.
		Cross-disciplinary thinking tends to be associative and analogical rather than linear and literal, and while the intelligence services are criticized for groupthink and academia for its disciplinary blinders, journalists and writers are better prepared to see the relevant analogy and track it down wherever the chase may lead them.
		Tracking developments in intelligence reform and paying particular attention to "open source" matters, Robert Steele of OSS.Net is pitching the idea that open-source intelligence should include what he terms "the seven tribes," national, military, law enforcement, business, academic, NGO-media -- that's where the journalists come in --, and citizen-labor-religion.
	www.ojr.org /ojr/workplace/1097814155.php (1180 words)

	Open Source Intelligence
		Instead the focus is on the state in the surveillance society, and the role that Open Source Intelligence (OSI) plays in breaking the monopoly on intelligence that the imperial or nation state has traditionally held.
		While it is not within the scope of this paper to evaluate the merits or value of said policies, it is important to examine the way in which functions traditionally held (and monopolized) by the state, are now being adapted and adopted by the private sector for use within the global markets.
		Open source intelligence tries to facilitate this type of organizing, enabling this type of moderation, and a shared body of knowledge that can be freely exchanged.
	jesse.openflows.org /OSI.html (4250 words)

	Ming the Mechanic
		Robert Steele is a champion for OSINT - Open Source Intelligence.
		Print and broadcast media are actually the smallest part of the open source universe.
		But what I think is cool about Open Source Intelligence is not just that it might make governments do less stupid things, but rather that it is equally available to the rest of us, if we organize ourselves well.
	ming.tv /flemming2.php/_d10/_v10/__show_day/_w2004-05-25 (366 words)

	Open Source Intelligence
		The condensed outcome of these experiences is a realization that a sustainable, open and collaborative practice is difficult to achieve and that new specialized approaches must be developed in order to sustain the fine balance between openness and a healthy signal/noise ratio.
		Most importantly, the practice of Open Source has proved that these principles are a sound basis for the development of high-end content that can compete with the products produced by commodity-oriented control structures [8].
		Following the open source peer-review maxim, formulated by Eric Raymond as "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," this allows the project to grow not only in number of articles, but also in terms of the articles' depth, which should improve over time through the collective input of knowledgeable readers.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue7_6/stalder/index.html (5352 words)

	Schneier on Security: Open-Source Intelligence
		The problem our intelligence agencies face right now is not the traditional problem of not being able to gather enough information; rather, the problem is that they gather so much information that they cannot possibly analyze even a small fraction of it.
		I founded the USMC Intelligence Center in 1988, and was shocked to discover, after a career as a spy, that 80% of what I needed to do policy, acquisition, operational, and logistics intelligence was not secret, not in English, not online, and not known to anyone in DC.
		But a prudent analysis of how government used intelligence to form policy and the methods of gathering intelligence could have identified the potential for failure before it manifested itself (all these processes are just the basic role for a government, in any situation, not just intelligence).
	www.schneier.com /blog/archives/2005/11/opensource_inte.html (2806 words)

	Stalder & Hirsh, Open Source Intelligence
		Eric Raymond had the same limitations in mind when he noted that open source projects are often run as "benevolent dictatorships." They are not benevolent because the people are somehow better, but because the dictatorship is based almost exclusively on the people's ability to convince others to follow their lead.
		Most importantly, the practice of open source has proved that these principles are a sound basis for the development of high-end content that can compete with the products produced by commodity-oriented control structures.
		Following the open source peer-review maxim, formulated by Eric Raymond as "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," this allows the project to grow not only in number of articles, but also in terms of the articles' depth, which improves over time through the collective input of knowledgeable readers.
	subsol.c3.hu /subsol_2/contributors2/stalder-hirshtext.html (4635 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Summer 1998
		Intelligence is categorized customarily according to the source from which it is obtained.
		Intelligence targets of greatest concern to US leaders have changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the accompanying geopolitical upheavals (such as political deterioration in the Balkans), and changes in Western perceptions of global security interests (e.g., the significance of the Middle East).
		Intelligence agencies must now focus their activities on a far broader range of targets and potential targets than was common in the Cold War era.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/98summer/sum-essa.htm (17956 words)

	Open Source Intelligence - Forbes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Despite high-profile intelligence failures such as Sept. 11, a series of directors of Central Intelligence have failed to significantly change the way we collect and process information.
		They simply have not gotten it through their heads that intelligence is about knowing enough to make smart decisions at all levels, on all subjects, not just about stealing very expensive secrets on a handful of what they call “hard targets”--China, Iran, Russia and a few others.
		In our new era, everyone, including any terrorist, has the option of using open sources of information that are equal or superior to secret sources.
	www.forbes.com /2006/04/15/open-source-intelligence_cx_rs_06slate_0418steele.html (967 words)

	Open Source Intelligence - A-H
		This is followed by a consideration of the utility of open sources in terms of complementing classified information.
		open source information acquisition and exploitation alternatives, such as the use of commercial vendors, universities and military reservists.
		Whether intelligence decisionmakers should move away from long-established and cost-effective governmental open-source collection and management resources toward private-sector-generated materials is worthy of some debate.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /opensource_folder/opensourcea-h.html (927 words)

	Openflows \| Open Source Intelligence, 1/2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Eric Raymond had the same limitations in mind when he noted that open source projects are often run as "benevolent dictatorships." They are not benevolent because the people are somehow better, but because the dictatorship is based almost exclusively on the people's ability to convince others to follow their lead.
		Most importantly, the practice of open source has proved that these principles are a sound basis for the development of high-end content that can compete with the products produced by commodity-oriented control structures.
		Following the open source peer-review maxim, formulated by Eric Raymond as "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow," this allows the project to grow not only in number of articles, but also in terms of the articles' depth, which improves over time through the collective input of knowledgeable readers.
	www.openflows.org /article.pl?sid=02/04/23/1518208 (3449 words)

	ARTicles: Rene -- Open Source Intelligence
		Nettime is an e-mail list founded in the summer of 1995 by a group of cultural producers and media activists during a meeting at the Venice Biennale.
		We use the term Open Source for its deliberate openness.
		Open Source Intelligence by Felix Stalder and Jesse Hirsh
	www.16beavergroup.org /mtarchive/archives/000932.php (5450 words)

	Open Source ERP Software
		It's called Open Source software because the collaboration of the software is open to all and the source code is freely shared amongst its users.
		Open source harnesses the distributive powers of the Internet by separating the work out to many different people and then uses their ideas to build a system.
		However, one of the main problems with Open Source software is that the programmers aren't getting paid and the amount of time and effort devoted to making a better working system can, at times, be questionable.
	www.open-source-erp-software.com (365 words)

	Open source approach reshapes intelligence-gathering
		The report, titled “Intelligence Issues for Congress,” outlines the challenges in intelligence-gathering, analysis and dissemination facing the director of national intelligence and the 15 other federal intelligence agencies in the post-9/11 era, with a large part of the activity is focused on counterterrorism.
		The rising dependence on open sourcing is partly due to a requirement for a broad range of information about many regions and subjects throughout the world, instead of the former concentration on military and political issues in a small number of countries, the report said.
		Another intelligence discipline receiving greater emphasis in recent years is MASINT, which is a highly technical discipline used by the Defense Intelligence Agency and others in which complex analytical refinements are applied to information collected by signal intelligence and geospatial imagery.
	www.washingtontechnology.com /news/1_1/daily_news/28411-1.html (308 words)

	Open Source Intelligence - I-Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Robert D. Steele, former CIA operations officer and chief executive of Open Source Solutions Inc., "three of the Pentagon's joint commands have appointed action officers to manage the collection of openly available, non-secret intelligence.
		This is an excellent analysis of the problems surrounding the collection and use of open-source intelligence in the information world of today.
		"Without human and technical intelligence, open source intelligence can be important, but of limited utility for the strategic intelligence analyst, because of the very nature of the material.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /opensource_folder/opensourcei-z.html (874 words)

	Open Source Intelligence Conference Jan. 16-20, '06 in the Washington D.C. area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Open Source Intelligence Conference Jan. 16-20, '06 in the Washington D.C. area
		An Open Source Society consisting of a series of Citizen Intelligence Networks.
		America is soon to have in effect a range of Joint Intelligence Operations Centers or Commands (JIOC) with embedded Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) feeds in all languages on all topics, and the requisite man-machine Foreign Language (FL) and Advanced Analytics (AA) able to make sense of all information, in all languages, all the time.
	www.omidyar.net /group/conference/news/25 (571 words)

	\| Open Source \| ZDNet.com
		Having a proprietary team advance open source for commercial advantage may sound like foul play to GPL backers, but it’s at the heart of the open source ideal.
		The recent support given by IBM and Google to the open source movement, coupled with that of Sun and others, needs to be considered carefully, in other words.
		Making open source software successful on the desktop is pivotal for its advance in corporate use, and that will require drastic measures.
	blogs.zdnet.com /open-source (5825 words)

	An Open Source Intelligence Agency?
		In its recent report, the 9/11 Commission adverts to the possibility of establishing a new "Open Source Agency" within the U.S. intelligence community (see the chart on page 413).
		The barest mention of such a new agency has already prompted some debate and conflict, beginning with a dispute over where the hypothetical agency should be housed, inside or outside of the CIA.
		Robert Steele of the private Open Source Solutions, who has been advocating increased appreciation of open source intelligence for over a decade, takes the position that the new agency should be completely independent of the existing U.S. intelligence community.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,Secrecy_072804,00.html (191 words)

	Complexity and Social Networks Blog: Open source intelligence?
		Re the first, it seems clear in this case, consistent with open source projects, that key motivations are the possibility of "making a difference" and of getting attention (e.g., getting on the front page of the NYT).
		Re the second, I suspect what will happen, in contrast to open source software projects (which have a certain degree of central management to guarantee continued coherence), is that multiple truths will emerge, where what is ideologically meritorious will float to the top in different communities.
		So far they have highlighted documents that refer to a meeting between Osama bin Laden and an Iraqi intelligence officer in Sudan in 1995; a plan to train Arab militants as suicide bombers; and a 1997 document discussing the use of "special ammunition," chemical weapons, against the Kurds.
	www.iq.harvard.edu /blog/netgov/2006/03/open_source_intelligence.html (1037 words)

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