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Topic: Open spectrum

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	Open spectrum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open spectrum (also known as free spectrum) is a movement to get the government to provide more unlicensed spectrum, radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by all.
		Proponents of the "commons model" of open spectrum advocate a future where all the spectrum is shared, using Internet protocols to communicate with each other, and smart devices to find the most effective energy level, frequency, and mechanism.
		A notable advocate for Open Spectrum is Lawrence Lessig.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_spectrum (439 words)

	Open Spectrum FAQ
		No. Unlicensed spectrum refers to spectrum for which the FCC doesn't issue a specific license to a user, but instead certifies equipment that may be used in a segment of spectrum designated for shared use.
		One of the basic technological enablers of the Open Spectrum approach is some form of "frequency hopping" that opportunistically moves transmissions into the most accessible bands.
		But Open Spectrum would solve this problem in a single blow without facing the probability that it will be obsolete in a few years.
	www.greaterdemocracy.org /OpenSpectrumFAQ.html (2783 words)

	Simon Woodside \| Rethink - An Open Spectrum License
		For example, a open spectrum license being offered for spread-spectrum radio technology in the 2.4 GHz band would be equivalent to part of the current ISM band "regime" that is in place in many parts of the world.
		From a regulatory point of view, it is well-accepted that open spectrum policy (in its current form) is a bestiary of complexity.
		Open spectrum licensing, by contrast, is simple to both describe and put into policy.
	simonwoodside.com /projects/ict/openspectrum.html (1437 words)

	Framing Open Spectrum
		Spectrum thus took on the practical characteristics of property: something of value to which someone, by legal right, has exclusive access.
		Spectrum can be architected the same way: as an information transport utilized by “smart devices” such as adaptive and software-defined radios.
		To gauge the effect of opening up spectrum, take the energy of the Internet and multiply it, for all of that Net's passion and commitment comes from a medium that until now is overwhelmingly used to transmit text.
	www.greaterdemocracy.org /framing_openspectrum.html (2656 words)

	Werbach Open Spectrum Paper
		Wireless communication in the radio-frequency spectrum is fundamentally similar to wireless communication in the acoustic spectrum, otherwise known as speech.
		Spread spectrum was invented in the 1940s, and has been used extensively for military and other applications that require robustness and resistance to jamming or eavesdropping (because only the receiver knows how the signal is spread across the range of frequencies).
		Spectrum is scarce, so the argument goes, so either some may speak or none will be able to get their message across amid the cacophony of interfering voices.
	werbach.com /docs/new_wireless_paradigm.htm (9331 words)

	Open Spectrum \| The New America Foundation
		Instead of treating spectrum as a scarce physical resource, we could make it available to all as a commons, an approach known as "open spectrum." By making more efficient use of the spectrum we have, the capacity constraints that limit current wireless voice and data services can effectively be removed.
		And, open spectrum can coexist with traditional exclusive licensing, through both designated unlicensed wireless "parks" and "underlay" of non-intrusive communications in licensed bands.
		Promoting open spectrum is the most democratic, deregulatory, pro-investment and innovation-friendly move the US Government could make.
	www.newamerica.net /publications/policy/open_spectrum (205 words)

	Wired 11.01: VIEW
		Open spectrum treats the airwaves as a commons, shared by all.
		In an open spectrum world, wireless transmitters would be as ubiquitous as microprocessors: in televisions, cars, public spaces, handheld devices, everywhere.
		When spectrum licensing was established in the early 20th century, radios were primitive, as was the regulatory model used to govern them.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/11.01/view.html?pg=1 (748 words)

	Taking the Next Step Beyond Spectrum Auctions: Open Spectrum Access
		The concept of buying spectrum access as an input rather than owning a spectrum license is unfamiliar and disturbing to users and policy-makers alike, and a scatter of objections are made, mostly on the grounds of practicality, uncertainty, and property.
		Spectrum is no different in that respect from a gas station that cannot be certain of the price of its vital input, wholesale gasoline, or of a bakery that needs to buy flour at varying prices.
		But when it comes to spectrum, much of private industry is so used to the concept of control (whether by ownership or license) that it finds it hard to conceive of buying spectrum access like another input.
	www.columbia.edu /dlc/wp/citi/citinoam21.html (6061 words)

	Economist.com \| Articles by Subject \| Spectrum policy
		The new school, pointing to cutting-edge technologies, says that spectrum is by nature abundant and that allocating, buying or selling parts of it will one day seem as illogical as, say, apportioning or selling sound waves to people who would like to have a conversation.
		He argues that the assumption that public sharing of spectrum would lead to chaos presumes that spectrum is scarce; but this reflects a flawed understanding of the physics of electromagnetism.
		One is that, as with spread spectrum, signals can be sent at very low power, since they only have to travel to the next user's node, which will be hundreds of metres, instead of kilometres, away.
	www.coe.montana.edu /ee/rwolff/EE580/spectrum_policy.htm (2647 words)

	Australian Open Spectrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the U.S., due to the close proximity of towns, spectrum is allocated to a station and unallocated in neighbouring towns because of interference.
		As suggested throughout this blog and the links, opening spectrum would encourage innovation in hardware and software that would increase the use by reducing the cost the the end user.
		The reason why we don't have the technology for an Open Spectrum, is because there is no reason for business or research institutions to invest in the technology.
	www.richardgiles.net /openspectrum (2484 words)

	The myth of interference - Salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		If he's right, then spectrum isn't a resource to be divvied up like gold or parceled out like land.
		Spectrum is more like the colors of the rainbow, including the ones our eyes can't discern.
		Spectrum as color seems like an ungainly metaphor on which to hang a sweeping policy change with such important social and economic implications.
	www.salon.com /tech/feature/2003/03/12/spectrum/print.html (894 words)

	eucap: Europe Technology Investment Open Spectrum Archives
		Open spectrum organizations, and the wireless internet commons will be lobbying for some of the new spectrum to be released for open public use.
		The key breakthrough of open public radio technology, like wifi, is that it allows all users an equal share of the resource, and manages the contention when users collide on the spectrum.
		The narrow ranges of spectrum used by the 802.11 standard have shown how much value can be generated when a communications medium is made available to all.
	blog.eucap.com /open_spectrum (852 words)

	Spectrum-Instrumentation: Fast PCI, PXI and CompactPCI PC Instruments, transient recorder, data acquisition, arbitrary ...
		Since 1989, Spectrum has led the way in the manufacture of high-speed and high-resolution PC instruments for PCI, PXI and CompactPCI (CPCI) busses.
		Spectrum has focused its business on the high-speed A/D, D/A and Digital I/O range with sampling rates between 100 kS/s, 1 MS/s, 10 MS/s, 50 MS/s, 100 MS/s, 200 MS/s and 500 MS/s.
		This opens the complete 64 bit adress space for memory consuming applications.
	www.spectrum-instrumentation.com (230 words)

	openspectrum.info - What is Open Spectrum?
		Wi-fi is often cited as Open Spectrum's "proof of concept," validating "unlicensed commons" as a practical paradigm in frequency management.
		Open Spectrum supporters seem split by this distinction, with some arguing for complete deregulation, and others (like ourselves) embracing type approval as preferable to licensing.
		Nevertheless, opening a licensed band to shared use by unlicensed devices is easier than completely clearing a band of licensed users.
	www.volweb.cz /horvitz/os-info/whatis-OS.html (1241 words)

	» Will open spectrum be allowed? \| Open Source \| ZDNet.com
		The powerful Progress and Freedom Foundation, which is heavily funded by the Bell companies, Microsoft, and other members of the proprietary software and content space, has issued a report that says (surprise) unlicensed, open spectrum is dangerous and should be rejected, in favor of selling it all to the highest bidder.
		Spectrum is bought mainly to keep other users off, not to create innovative new services.
		In a historic move, Sun is opening the door to greater innovation by open sourcing key Java implementations.
	blogs.zdnet.com /open-source/?p=588 (674 words)

	Techworld.com - Mobility & Wireless Insight - Ofcom to throw radio spectrum wide open
		Over the next six years, 72 percent of the radio spectrum Ofcom does manage will become subject to market forces, so licences will be bought and sold by the holders, who can also change the use of that spectrum.
		Perhaps the biggest surprise in the document is the proposal to increase the amount of unlicensed spectrum by a small amount, to 7% of the total.
		Spectrum management in the UK will never be the same.
	www.techworld.com /mobility/features/index.cfm?FeatureID=1013 (1462 words)

	Internet 2.0 is Open Spectrum \| AlwaysOn
		Once this switch to open spectrum happens, you will need only Internet access (over the air or through a wire) to receive all of your content whether you are sitting still or mobile, whether you are at home or traveling.
		If frequencies were open, the frequencies now devoted to the AM band would be reused for various kinds of mobile access for the same reasons that they were good for car radio initially.
		There are two enormous obstacles to extending the principal of open access to the airwaves: inertia and the interests of those who maintain profitable bottlenecks through private licensing of frequency including operators of cellular networks and TV networks – certainly forces to be reckoned with.
	alwayson.goingon.com /permalink/post/5678 (1385 words)

	Techdirt: Open Spectrum? Bah, Who Needs It!
		Last year, we were intrigued by the new spectrum allocation plan in the UK that would create a much more open market for spectrum.
		The folks at the Progress & Freedom Foundation (with whom we've clashed before) have put out a report claiming that pretty much all spectrum should be licensed and auctioned off, and that the concept of open spectrum discourages investment, is inefficient, and slows innovation in the space.
		While open, unlicensed spectrum clearly does not make sense in all accounts (as long as interference still is around) to brush it aside completely, as this report appears to do is pretty questionable and misleading.
	www.techdirt.com /articles/20060309/0317233_F.shtml (1658 words)

	Open Spectrum: Archive Entry From Brad DeLong's Webjournal
		Instead of treating spectrum as a scarce physical resource, we could make it available to all as a commons, an approach known as “open spectrum.” Open spectrum would allow for more efficient and creative use of the precious resource of the airwaves.
		If the price DOES turn out to be zero or infinitessemal, or segments of spectrum don't get auctioned off, it seems that then would be the right time to abolish the auctions, so as to get rid of the wasteful procedure of buying and selling an abundant commodity.
		The most exciting open spectrum approaches are dynamic, using software-defined radio to hop to open frequencies.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /movable_type/archives/001018.html (1589 words)

	Open Spectrum: Take It or Lose It \| Linux Journal
		Open Spectrum: Take It or Lose It By Doc Searls on Mon, 2001-12-03 02:00.
		Open Letter to the FCC on Spectrum Policy in which he makes a number of specific recommendations, including adoption of the "intelligent radio bill of rights" suggested by Bran Ferren, the former head of RandD for Disney Imagineering.
		Open Spectrum: The Paradise of the Commons is his lead piece in the current issue of the publication.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article.php?sid=5640 (789 words)

	ISP-Planet - News - Q&A with Kevin Werbach on Open Spectrum
		Werbach recently spoke about some of the ideas behind open spectrum, the decentralization trend in technology, and, of course, how he thinks last week's mid-term elections might affect tech policy.
		Among his expertise and focus: the nascent Open Spectrum movement, which, put simply, seeks to use the spectrum as a common platform (kind of like Internet Protocol) in order to free-up a precious resources.
		There's no question that the concept of open spectrum works, and we have one example of proof with Wi-Fi (a protocol built on unlicensed parts of the spectrum) adoption that shows even in a limited way and under strict conditions, that sharing the spectrum can lead to tremendous innovation and growth in activity.
	www.isp-planet.com /news/2002/werbach_interview.html (1884 words)

	Open Spectrum: A Global Pervasive Network (LogicError/Spectrum)
		Spread spectrum is a technique for talking on multiple stations, and letting the reciever put the combined message together.
		Spectrum is limited, they were told, if everyone tries to speak, then no one will be able to.
		As I said, spectrum auctions are expensive, and it's unlikely that a small company would be able to afford a chunk of spectrum.
	logicerror.com /openSpectrum (1344 words)

	Richard Giles blog: Australian Open Spectrum. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With new technology, such as Spread Spectrum or Software Radios, the spectrum can be used by a great deal more people.
		Wi-Fi, a technology that uses a small part of the spectrum, has shown just how much can happen when a part of the spectrum is opened.
		The recent boom in deployment and talk of home users going as far as creating free community networks is a great illustration of innovation.
	www.richardgiles.net /blog/archives/000201.html (434 words)

	Dissing Open Spectrum: Corante > Moore's Lore >
		But the problem isn't inherent in the spectrum proposal of Kevin Werbach (left), and the solution isn't to sell spectrum to the highest bidder.
		But right now property "rights" are the only remaining roadblock to the greater good of open spectrum, free communication for everyone.
		Open spectrum is merely the Internet idea applied to wireless.
	mooreslore.corante.com /archives/032013.html (365 words)

	Full Spectrum Lighting and Light Therapy
		Full Spectrum Solutions lives up to our vision statement every day by providing high quality full spectrum lighting, innovative light therapy, task, and commercial lighting products with patented features you will not find anywhere else.
		Full spectrum HD high bay fixtures provide natural lighting in the work environment while reducing energy costs by up to 60% over conventional fixtures for energy efficient lighting retrofits.
		We have been a leader in the healthy lighting industry for the past 9 years and have developed many patented features for light therapy products and light boxes, such as the only fully dimmable light box on the market, and continue to be a leader in our market.
	www.fullspectrumsolutions.com (377 words)

	About the Spectrum Policy Task Force
		The Spectrum Policy Task Force was established in June 2002 to assist the Commission in identifying and evaluating changes in spectrum policy that will increase the public benefits derived from the use of the radio spectrum (News Release).
		while the commission has recently made some major strides in how spectrum is allocated and assigned in some bands, principally through flexible rules and competitive bidding, spectrum policy is not keeping pace with the relentless spectrum demands of the market.
		The Spectrum Policy Task Force is comprised of senior staff from several Commission Bureaus and Offices, including attorneys, engineers and economists.
	www.fcc.gov /sptf (437 words)

	RF Spectrum Page from SSS Online: RF, Microwave, Spread Spectrum & Wireless engineering resource site.
		Internationally, the RF spectrum is allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to various classes of service according to different regions of the world.
		This paper examines the present scheme of spectrum allocation/management in the US, and suggests that it be replaced with a system of open spectrum access.
		Spectrum Etiquette — promotes efficient power spectral density designs to aid the wireless design community in protecting the integrity and reliability of the wireless airways.
	www.sss-mag.com /spectrum.html (736 words)

	America Needs Unchained Spectrum
		Our misuse of spectrum is one of the greatest lost opportunities of the last century, falling victim to the siren call of the merely good.
		In short, today's spectrum usage is sodden with the inefficiencies that arise when a command-and-control economy prescribes exactly who will produce what and for what purpose.
		The principal obstacles are the current owners of billion-dollar swaths of spectrum, who in any freeing of spectrum would resist losing their dominant positions.
	www.businessweek.com /technology/content/jan2005/tc2005014_6520.htm (1308 words)

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