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Topic: Open system (computing)

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Complex system

	Open system (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open systems are computer systems that provide either interoperability, portability, or freedom from proprietary standards, depending on user's perspective.
		Since the emergence of The Open Group's Single UNIX Specification, any operating system that supports the Unix APIs (z/OS, for example) can reasonably be classed as an open system.
		Consequently the IBM mainframe with its open source Linux on zSeries is now widely regarded as a truly open system — it runs more Linux instances than any server, after all — while servers running proprietary, closed source UNIX and Microsoft Windows are not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_system_(computing) (218 words)

	Open system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computing, an open system (computing) is a computer operating system that provides interoperability, portability or both, particularly Unix systems.
		In management science, an open system (system theory) is a system that takes in (raw materials, capital, skilled labor) and converts them into goods and services (via machinery, human skills) that are sent back to that environment, where they are bought by customers.
		In the physical sciences, an open system (system theory) is a system where matter or energy can flow into and/or out of, in contrast to a closed system, where no energy or matter may enter or leave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_system (239 words)

	Maximum Press : Home : AS/400 Encyclopedia : Open systems computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although open-systems computing has come to mean UNIX to many people, the notion of open-system computing is actually much broader.
		computing requires that applications developed on an open system provide interoperability and portability.
		Flexibility and change management over time mean that businesses can recombine and redeploy their open systems applications and information technology infrastructure as business needs dictate without requiring perfect foresight, knowing that the application can be moved to several different platforms over its useful life.
	www.maxpress.com /encyclopedia/opensyst.htm (299 words)

	open system - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a computing context, an open system is an open source operating system, typically composed of coordinated modular components from a number of sources and not reliant upon any proprietary elements.
		Characteristics of open systems include the exposure of the source code, which is thus available for understanding and possible modification and improvement; portability, which allows the system to be used in a variety of environments, and interoperability, which allows the system to function with other systems.
		According to the Open Systems Joint Task Force, an open system "uses widely supported and consensus-based standards for its key interfaces, and has been subjected to successful validation and verification tests to ensure the openness of its key interfaces." Today, Linux is generally considered a prime example of an open system.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid1_gci1076609,00.html (267 words)

	Open Access
		Open access computing also provides great utility and convenience for students who need to conduct research in the Library, or who need to exchange information with faculty or other students via electronic mail, or who need to use computing resources in the context of their academic work.
		Open Access computing is a means to correct some deficiencies in resource provisions and provide a significant supplement to the technology provision.
		Based on the software installed in open facilities and the students using them, students in open facilities are engaged in academic work as significant and mission-oriented as any conducted in the instructional labs, and users are seen from virtually all disciplines.
	www.oit.ucsb.edu /committees/ITPG/2001_proposals/open_access.asp (1051 words)

	Open - TheBestLinks.com - Computing, Operating system, Science, Unix, ...
		Open, Computing, Operating system, Science, Unix, Open system (computing), Open...
		In science, where an open system (system theory) means a system in which matter or energy can flow into and/or out of the system, in contrast to a closed system in which no energy or matter may enter or leave the system.
		In computing, where an open system (computing) is a computer operating system that provides interoperability, portability or both, particularly Unix systems.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Open.html (172 words)

	Healthcare Informatics: Open vs. Proprietary Operating Systems Finding the Right Fit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Open systems are not confined to the UNIX operating system.
		Proprietary systems are also bundled with more features and software, such as databases, backup software and UPSs, which are usually extras on a UNIX box, so that although the proprietary system initially looks more expensive, the customers get more for their money.
		The benefit to users is that they can connect their proprietary mainframe or midrange system to a UNIX box or NT server in a three-tier client/server architecture, thus saving themselves many of the difficulties of migrating legacy applications to open systems.
	www.healthcare-informatics.com /issues/1997/05_97/systems.htm (3900 words)

	Dragos Acostachioaie's presentation about open systems at DAS'98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The standardization have an essential role in the open system's existance: it allows to work in it's interior, which means that the different components could conlucrate, and to communicate with the exterior in a well defined manner.
		So, the open systems implies the existance of some standards, but the presence of a standard does not necessarly implies the fact that we are dealing with an open system.
		Following the open system model, the systems can be built on many small components, instead of building monolithts, which are difficult to change and with minimal extension capabilities.
	www.biosfarm.ro /~dragos/papers/open_speech.html (608 words)

	The Journal Of Open Computing
		The "open systems" approach is in bold contrast to other operating environments that lock in their customers with resultant high switching costs.
		The UNIX system’s increasing popularity spawned the development of a number of variations of the UNIX operating system in the 1980s, and the existence of these of many UNIX system brands caused a mid-life crisis for the UNIX system itself in the 1980s.
		The "open systems" approach is in bold contrast to other operating environments that lock in their customers with high switching costs.
	www.uniforum.org /journal/OGWhyUnix.html (3683 words)

	PNNL supercomputer fastest open system in U.S.
		The laboratory's 11.8 teraflops industry-standard HP Integrity system came to full operating power this week, marking the next advance in high-performance computing designed to enable new insights in the environmental and molecular sciences, including chemistry, biology, climate and subsurface chemistry.
		Based on peak performance, the PNNL machine is the fifth fastest system in the world and is the fastest unclassified computer operating in the U.S. The laboratory ordered the supercomputer from HP in April 2002.
		The PNNL system is the world's fastest supercomputer based on the Linux operating system and is the largest machine ever built using Intel's 64-bit architecture.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-08/dnnl-psf082603.php (698 words)

	Q2ADPZ - An Open Source, Multi-platform System for Distributed Computing
		ADPZ system are ease of use at different user skill levels, inter-platform operability, client-master-slave architecture using fast, message-based communication, modularity and modifiability, security of computers participating in the system, and very easy and automatic install and upgrade on the computing nodes.
		To evaluate the system, we employed the version 0.6 of the system in artificial evolution of layers of 3D LEGO models [9].
		Computation results data will be encrypted and/or signed so that the user of the system can be sure the received data is correct.
	qadpz.sourceforge.net /paper-Crossroads/qadpz.html (4197 words)

	AUUG Incorporated: Open Computing in Government (OCG)
		Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a non-profit corporation dedicated to managing and promoting the Open Source Definition for the good of the community, specifically through the OSI Certified Open Source Software certification mark and program.
		A Swedish study has concluded that open standards and formats, along with free and open source software, are important factors in arriving at increased competitiveness, improved interoperability and reduced costs for administration in the public sector.
		OPEN source software has taken a big step closer to the mainstream, as Australia's two largest state governments have created policy units to investigate wider use of open platforms in the public sector.
	www.auug.org.au /ocg (1132 words)

	Seams Can Show Seams Can Show Open System
		Over the years, open systems computing platforms, which are basically networks of mini-computers running Unix, OpenVMS, Windows NT Server or several other server operating systems, have been proffered by vendors as a much cheaper substitute for mainframe computing platforms.
		Without effective systems and applications management, “soft costs” for operating open systems computing environments over time often exceed the costs of traditional data center operations.
		By 1997, it was obvious that Aberdeen needed a hands-on systems management capability that provided centralized monitoring and required fewer IT staff, “a long-term issue government-wide,” she said.
	www.washingtontechnology.com /news/14_17/tech_features/939-1.html (1728 words)

	what is an open system? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An open system is, as the name may suggest, a system or combination of sub-systems that are connected by some open standard that they each understand.
		Operating systems, both those that run computers and those that operate other machineray, know how to talk over networks, and are built to be able to share a certain amount of data.
		By allowing any one piece of a larger system to act in exactly the same manner as any else and by giving that piece the ability to obtain data from, send data to or start actions on other pieces, we start to visualize a system where there are no limitations.
	www.cs.brown.edu /~stp/summit/open.html (598 words)

	Dragos Acostachioaie's paper about open systems at DAS'98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The main idea was a operating system that would allow applications that were written for a computer to run successfully on another system, with a minimum of supplemental work.
		The interoperability of systems is precisely the key to open systems.
		Indisputable, the systems' (hardware or software) design is moving from monolithic model to open system model, and this movement is going to accelerate in the future.
	www.biosfarm.ro /~dragos/papers/open.html (1826 words)

	Using Symfoware Navigator to Build an Open Database System and Promoting Exploitation of Information by End Users : ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This system enables end users to exploit accumulated data in the core system database.
		Therefore, we applied the framework so that we can open data as raw as possible, that is, the content of the transactions as they are when building up the system," reminisces Mr.
		Now that the system is in operation, it does not take time to take care of the temporary form output process.
	www.fujitsu.com /global/casestudies/SYMFWR_casestudy06.html (1369 words)

	Webopedia: The 7 Layers of the OSI Model
		The OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers.
		Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.
		This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.
	www.webopedia.com /quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp (426 words)

	The Open Systems Laboratory
		The OSL mission is to develop science and technology for computing with large-scale and pervasive hardware and software systems, to enable more productive computing and software development, and to foster economic development in the State of Indiana.
		Work in the Open Systems Laboratory (OSL) is motivated by the changing nature of modern information technology systems.
		The LAM Team from the Open Systems Lab at Indiana University is pleased to announce the release of LAM/MPI version 7.1.2.
	www.osl.iu.edu (541 words)

	Open System for Geniuses - by Chronostalker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is true that Mackey’s theory of imprimitivity systems is important for the theory of group representations, but it can not be replaced by the theory of group representations - unless we move into the realms of infinite dimensional groups of maps - where the ground becomes shaky.
		But when the system is not Galilei invariant, when there are external forces, or when we move to special or general relativity, the position becomes the fundamental observable, independent of any group considerations.
		Moreover, in open systems, and all realistic systems are open, states are represented by density matrices, not by "waves".
	opensys.blogsome.com (6524 words)

	Next Generation Middleware Group @ Lancaster
		Whereas the use of such techniques is commonplace at the application or service level, we also advocate the use of these technologies in the construction of middleware itself, with reflective mechanisms providing introspection and adaptation facilities building on this underlying structure.
		Finally, we are investigating the use of reflective component-based middleware in mobile computing, in the construction of programmable networks, and also for advanced Web Services and Grid-based platforms.
		This open and reflective component model acts as a common development and distribution environment for our research systems.
	www.comp.lancs.ac.uk /computing/research/mpg/reflection (311 words)

	An Open System for Distributed Computing - Constantinescu, Petrovic, Pedersen, ADPZ (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abstract: The recent growth of computational power of desktop computers calls for their efficient use in larger organizations, especially those, which need to run computationally intensive tasks, such as universities and research centers.
		We describe QADPZ ['kwod "pi: 'si:], a modular, open source implementation in C of a multiuser and multi-platform system for idle distributed computing in a TCP/IP network.
		The computing power of large number of idle desktop computers is utilized by automatically...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /575633.html (289 words)

	Lockheed Martin Passes Major Aegis Open Architecture Milestone
		The move to open architecture also will enable the Navy to install software and other technology upgrades faster and cheaper throughout the life of the Aegis fleet.
		Lockheed Martin's approach to open architecture is built on nearly a decade of "open system, rapid capability" deliveries to the Navy, including combat system, sonar, communications and electronic warfare capabilities.
		AOA is led by Lockheed Martin, with significant involvement of Computer Sciences Corporation (NYSE: CSC) and the Navy's Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-12-2005/0004166329&EDATE= (487 words)

	Tech Blogs on ZDNet \| blogs.ZDNet.com
		Posted by Dana Blankenhorn in Open Source on: Apr 24, 2006 10:19 AM Xerox disappoints Wall St. but CEO Anne Mulcahy's stock looks good.
		That is where desktop Linux opportunities are most pronounced, according to Dave Rosenberg, principal analyst at OSDL and the man who led a survey of the field last fall.
		For fans of municipal Wi-Fi, news of ongoing technical problems in 28,000-population St. Cloud, Florida's new Cyber Spot free Wi-Fi system can't be taken as encouraging.Some $2.6 million has been spent on the project,...
	blogs.zdnet.com (1158 words)

	Open Sound System Applications
		MIDAS Sound System: MIDAS Sound System is a multichannel digital music and sound system, intended mainly for use in games and demos.
		CMIX - CMIX is a computer music "language" designed to create and manipulate soundfiles, or files containing raw binary data which can be converted into sound on a computer equipped with a soundcard.
		The goal of CCF is to evolve a virtual environment for distributed computation that supports integrated human AV communication, high performance heterogeneous computing and distributed data management facilities.
	www.4front-tech.com /ossapps.html (5093 words)

	summit - an open computing environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Summit project is an ongoing exploration of open systems, and what kind of environments will help unify the systems in which we operate tomorrow.
		The goal of the Summit project is both to provide a framework for a truly open system and to make it conceptually simple enough that it is accessable to anyone.
		It is being combined with research on past and present implementations and conceptualizations of open computing environments in an attempt to discuss what kinds of systems will become valuable in the future.
	www.cs.brown.edu /people/stp/summit (332 words)

	Stratus Launches Open-Systems NEBS Server Line for Global Telecom Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The T Series systems will be bundled with a Stratus fault-tolerant Linux operating system, which is the Linux 2.4.18 kernel with Stratus additions.
		With the advent of the cost-effective ftServer T Series system, current Stratus telecom customers can protect their investments into the future and have the ability to deploy new competitive services, as well.
		Stratus Technologies is a global provider of fault-tolerant computer servers, technologies and services, with more than 20 years of experience focused in the fault-tolerant server market.
	www.stratus.com /news/2004/20040310a.htm (653 words)

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