Open-pit mining - Factbites

Open-pit mining - Factbites
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Topic: Open-pit mining

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	Open-pit mining - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open-pit mining refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.
		Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rock are found near the surface; that is, where the overburden (surface material covering the valuable deposit) is relatively thin or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for tunneling (as would be the case for sand, cinder, and gravel).
		The open pit is then surrounded with a fence, to prevent access, and it generally eventually fills up with ground water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open-pit_mining (960 words)

	Surface Mining/Open Pit Mining
		The planning of an open pit mine is an exercise in economics, constrained by geologic, and mining engineering aspects.
		Open pit mines, however, require a lot of planning to make sure that as much ore as possible can be extracted.
		The detrimental effects of the presence of ground water on surface mining are:
	www.dmtcalaska.org /course_dev/intromining/07openpit/notes07.html (1787 words)

	Open Pit Mining
		These conditions include the predicted cost of the mining and the processing of the ore, the predicted recovery rate, the predicted revenue generated from the sale of the processed material, and the predicted cost of the mining or disposing of the waste material.
		The ultimate pit was then automatically computed by finding the best pit solution that maximized the net profit in the model, also shown in the same figure.
		Mineable reserves shrink and expand into phenomenal changes in volume as one or a combination of parameters change slightly.
	www.lynxgeo.com /HTML/Applications/apps_6.htm (3255 words)

	Women Speak Out on Mining: Philippines
		The government's Mines and Geosciences Bureau agreed: ''Banning open pit mining would mean the closure of many big metallic mining companies, which contribute much to the economy in terms of employment generation, taxes and foreign exchange.'' Surface mining, of which open pit mining is one kind, is accepted practice worldwide, it said.
		Those were the days before a giant mining corporation in Itogon shifted in 1989 to open pit mining, a modern, heavily mechanised method of mining that boosts efficiency but leaves little room for small-scale operators and which takes a harsher toll on the environment.
		While open pit mining should improve mechanisation and provide a boost to commercial operations, pocket miners find themselves sidelined and crowded out and many have had to look for means to survive.
	www.moles.org /ProjectUnderground/motherlode/gold/women2.html (1194 words)

	Basics of an open pit mine
		Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and they are used extensively in "hard rock" mining for ores such as metal ores, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, and many minerals.
		In a open pit coal mine, the pit bottom would be the bottom mined coal seam elevation, since it is usually feasible to extract multiple seams when surface mining coal.
		Several benches may be in operation simultaneously in different parts of, and at different elevations in the open pit mine.
	www.mine-engineer.com /mining/open_pit.htm (516 words)

	SouthCot firm eyes gold, copper open pit mining
		Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and they are used extensively in "hard rock" mining for ores such as metal ores, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, and many minerals.
		Anti-mining groups in South Cotabato claim open pit mining would eventually cause massive environmental degradation since the system itself entails the excavation of the mining area.
		Open pit mine is "an excavation or cut made at the surface of the ground for the purpose of extracting ore and which is open to the surface for the duration of the mine’s life." To expose and mine the ore, it is generally necessary to excavate and relocate large quantities of waste rock.
	www.mindanews.com /2003/10/28nws-mining.html (691 words)

	open-pit mining -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In open-pit mining of the coal seam, several benches are established in both the overburden strata and the coal seam.
		Deposits mined by open-pit techniques are generally divided into horizontal layers called benches.
		Mining is generally conducted on a number of benches at any one time.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057181 (700 words)

	Surface Mining Method - Open Pit
		Although the basic concept of an open pit is quite simple, the planning required to develop a large deposit for surface mining is a very complex and costly undertaking.
		The typical large open pit mining operation that has been in production for 10 years and more is operating under conditions that could not possibly have been foreseen by the original planners of the mine.
		Mining is usually done by track-mounted electric shovels in the large operations, and by rubber-tired diesel front-end loaders in the smaller operations.
	www.digistar.mb.ca /minsci/surf/openpit.htm (507 words)

	Open-Pit Mining
		The main cost advantage of open-pit mining is that the miners can use larger and more power shovels and trucks — the equipment is not restricted by the size of the opening it must work in.
		A stripping ratio of 3 to 1 means that during the life of the pit, there will be three times as much waste rock mined as ore. To be profitable, an open-pit mine must be designed so that the cost of mining the waste rock does not exceed the value of the ore.
		An open-pit mine is the least expensive kind, and is every developer’s first choice where an orebody is situated close to surface, is big enough, and has little overburden.
	www.miningbasics.com /html/open-pit_mining.html (633 words)

	Mineral Resources in Deserts
		Nearly 3 million metric tons were mined during World War I. Valuable minerals located in arid lands include copper in the United States, Chile, Peru, and Iran; iron and lead-zinc ore in Australia; chromite in Turkey; and gold, silver, and uranium deposits in Australia and the United States.
		The copper ore mined here is in a bed that averages 150 meters in thickness (photograph by Peter Kresan).
		Sodium nitrate has been mined for explosives and fertilizer in the Atacama since the middle of the 19th century.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/deserts/minerals (581 words)

	Open pit mining commences at Chariot
		The mining reserves, including all recovery factors and dilution allowances for the Chariot gold deposit and based on an open pit cut-off grade of 3g/t and an underground cut-off grade of 6.24g/t, are classified as follows:
		The first phase of open pit mining is expected to continue for nine weeks.
		Following the completion of the small open pit, the company plans to establish a portal near the pit bottom and then construct a mine access decline to 300m in vertical depth.
	www.ferret.com.au /articles/af/0c0139af.asp (229 words)

	Cutter Suction Dredge, dredge equipment, dredges, the word for dredge is Ellicott
		Open pit mining, always a demanding task, faces two relatively new problems: (1) availability of equipment and (2) environmental restrictions.
		An investigation of mining by dredge would certainly appear to be warranted.
		In addition, a lower first cost and potentially increased efficiency may offer real advantages to the miner who is forced away from his traditional mining methods.
	www.dredge.com /casestudies/dred2-05.htm (1213 words)

	Large scale slope stability in open pit mining: a review
		A case in particular is the Aitik open pit mine in northern Sweden, which currently faces the design of the overall slope angles for continued mining toward a depth of around 500 meters.
		In this report, the stability and design of large scale pit slopes in open pit mining is reviewed, with special reference to slopes in hard, jointed, rocks, similar to the rock types found at the Aitik mine.
		The factors governing large scale slope stability are primarily: (1) the stress conditions in the pit slopes, including the effects of groundwater, (2) the geological structure, in particular the presence of large scale features, (3) the pit geometry, and (4) the rock mass strength.
	epubl.luth.se /avslutade/0349-3571/96-10 (826 words)

	Open Pit Mining Engineering and Planning
		It is planned to mine approximately 5.0 Mtpa of high grade zinc ore from a large open pit with a maximum depth of almost 400 metres.
		One of the key issues for the project was to establish the optimum cut-off between the open pit and underground operations.
		Developing practical operating layouts to mine the ore, which although stratiform, is structurally complex due to the many faults that bound and intersect the mineralisation.
	www.golder.com.au /mining/ServicesOpenPitMinePlanningandMiningEngineering.htm (1233 words)

	Mining - surface mining - open pit mining
		Mining - surface mining - open pit mining
	www.mse.berkeley.edu /classes/mse120/introduction/tsld023.htm (16 words)

	EIA - First workshop - Open-pit coal mining
		Open-pit and underground mining are also the main cause of deforestation and land degradation in Quang Ninh.
		Coal mining activities in Quang Ninh have created a conflict between the interests of the Ministry of Industry (formerly Ministry of Energy), which is interested in coal exploitation, and People's Committee of Quang Ninh Province, which is interested in developing the tourism industry in the province.
		Coal mining activities, whether licensed or not, are polluting air, water and land resources in Quang Ninh through discharging waste water, dust and overburden into the natural environment.
	www.vub.ac.be /MEKO/Vietnam/EU/EIAws1_4.html (2939 words)

	EI Teacher's: Main Section
		A degree from a mining technology institute and /or five years of mining operations experience at the supervisory level in open pit and underground operations.
		University or mining school graduate and/or several years of experience as a technician in open pit or underground mining.
		Responsible for the open pit mining operations including ore production, ore haulage, mill feeding, safety and environment protection and monitors underground mining contractor to ensure compliance with company's plans, schedules, quality standards, safety, radiation and environment practices.
	www.kcdc.sk.ca /ei/students/jobs.htm (2560 words)

	Open Pit Mine / InfoMine
		Since November last year, some 13-km pit roads have been developed open pit mining was started in the Conico deposit.
		The pit portion is designed at 13,000 tpd and is expected to produce 136,735 ounces of gold and 3,979,826 ounces of silver.
		Gammon Lake Resources announced that mining and heap leaching operations have commenced at Ocampo mine in Chihuahua, Mexico.
	technology.infomine.com /openpitmine (431 words)

	Mines and Communities Website
		It’s a grim account of life in the largely-abandoned coal fields of Uzbekistan a country whose biggest exploiter is one of the world’s most renowned mining companies.
		If you need help researching mining companies, projects or technologies, visit the Partizans affiliate, Nostromo Research.
		This presents major criticisms of the mining industry and its claims to promote "sustainable development".
	www.minesandcommunities.org (745 words)

	OPEN PIT MINING PLAN
		A mining permit (#H1008ME) has been issued to J.L. Dane, President, Dane Mining and Exploration, LTD by the state of New Mexico, USA and a mining plan is registered with the BLM.
		The company will mine the exposed silica deposit and silver vein to a depth of 300 feet, width of 150 feet, and length of 300 feet in PHASE I of the mining plan, producing an estimated 4000 tons per month of shippable ore or a minimum of 953,333 tons.
		At this time, Dane Mining and Exploration, LTD is negotiating with companies that will mine the Volcano Mine, taking advantage of its high silica, silver and gold values, and the market for decorative rock.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~fish/volcano_mine/plan.htm (665 words)

	Northern Alaska Environmental Center :: Mining :: Open Pit Mining - Its Impacts
		With the exception of the Nixon Fork gold mine, which was an underground operation, and Red Dog, which is a very high-grade base metal deposit, all of these mines share the common trait of being bulk-tonnage, open-pit leach gold operations.
		Because these mines are essentially strip mines, huge quantities of uneconomical or un-mineralized rock are considered waste by the company, and permanently placed in huge rock dumps on-site.
		Since this mine had a projected mine life of about 16 years (although that has now shrunk to about half as a result of current gold prices), the mine property encompasses an area big enough to accommodate a 1,177 acre tailings impoundment and several huge waste rock dumps.
	www.northern.org /artman/publish/hard.shtml (402 words)

	Surface Mining Methods
		Because of the rapid development of many types of large and efficient earthmoving machinery and auxiliary equipment, surface mining methods have made it possible to mine many ore deposits that would be uneconomic to develop underground.
		Although there is great variation in detail, only a few basic methods are employed, and the terminology is much more simple than in underground mining.
	www.digistar.mb.ca /minsci/surf/surfm.htm (61 words)

	Death-Valley.us - Nation's toughest open-pit gold mining regulations considered
		The California State Mining and Geology Board's proposed regulations would require mining companies to refill all new open-pit metal mines, and provide financial guarantees so taxpayers wouldn't be stuck in the event the company defaults.
		The mine could leave an open pit 4,700 feet by 2,700 feet, and 800 feet deep, along with piles of waste rock a mile long and up to 300 feet high.
		If a mine fills with water, it can become a toxic lake that, unlike pits left by other mining, can never be used for recreation or wildlife.
	www.death-valley.us /article437.html (499 words)

	Mining Technology - SNIM Open Pit Iron Ore Mining
		A 960t/h regrinding circuit at the Guelb Rhein plant was opened in November 2000.
		A mining centre was constructed at Zouerate together with port facilities at Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast, both with power plants and linked by a 700km railway.
		Approximately 50% of the 10-12Mt/y ore produced is processed at the mining area plants, and the remainder at Point Central.
	www.mining-technology.com /projects/snim (882 words)

	United Kingdom - Open pit mining
		In the current method, a surveyor walks along the top and bottom of the mine wall to collet 3D points." The case study goes on to compare traditional pit mining surveying with 3D laser scanning, listing all of the benefits of this new technology in open pit mining.
		To read more of the case study "Profiles and Volumes for Open Pit Mining," please click on the PDF icon at the bottom of the page.
		"PandM Coal currently uses labor intensive methods to calculate the volume of coal and material that is mined from its open pit coal mine in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
	www.leica-geosystems.com /uk/en/lgs_1932.htm (101 words)

	press59.htm
		Open-pit mining also jeopardizes the lives of indigenous people in the areas as they usually have a high level of dependency on the forests.
		The government banned open-pit mining in 1999 because of its grave impacts on the environment and human lives.
		Environmentalists have raised alarm over a recent recommendation from legislators to allow four mining companies to resume open-pit mining operations in protected forests, citing potential huge losses to the country's biodiversity, toxic waste and the ensuing possible loss of human lives.
	www.minesandcommunities.org /Action/press59.htm (637 words)

	Planet Ark : INTERVIEW - Indonesia seeks solution on open-pit mining ban
		Recently passed Indonesian forestry law bans open-pit mining deemed to be a danger to forests, which the statute defines in a way that would apply it to virtually all existing and proposed open-pit operations in the country, according to industry sources and some government officials.
		Mining and its lucrative revenues are one of the key areas in which provincial and district administration have been given greater control under new autonomy rules in Indonesia.
		Mining companies that already have long-term contracts with the government would also be hit.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=15561&newsdate=19-Apr-2002 (695 words)

	RCRC Glossary - Open Pit
		Also called strip mining; placer mining, opencast; opencut mining; open-pit mining.
		Molycorp no longer extracts molybdenum from the open pit, but uses underground block caving techniques.
		A mining process whereby the target mineral is extracted from the ground by means of the removal of overburden from a seam of the mineral, as opposed to underground mining; or any mining at or near the surface.
	www.rcrc.nm.org /glossary/gl-open-pit.html (64 words)

	OPEN PIT URANIUM MINING
		The photograph shows the overburden pile and haulage roads typical of an open pit uranium mine.
		This aerial photograph of the Sweetwater Pit was taken on September 25, 1980.
		The overburden pile is shown in the center of the photograph.
	www.wma-minelife.com /uranium/mining/openpit.html (49 words)

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