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Topic: Opening of Japan

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	Japan (11/06)
		Manchukuo was dissolved, and Manchuria was returned to China; Japan renounced all claims to Formosa; Korea was occupied and divided by the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.; southern Sakhalin and the Kuriles were occupied by the U.S.S.R.; and the U.S. became the sole administering authority of the Ryukyu, Bonin, and Volcano Islands.
		Japan's Government is a parliamentary democracy, with a House of Representatives and a House of Councillors.
		Japan's economic engagement with its neighbors is increasing, as evidenced by the conclusion of an EPA with Singapore and the Philippines, and its ongoing negotiations for EPAs with Thailand and Malaysia.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm (5020 words)

	History of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Traditional Japanese legend maintains that Japan was founded in 600 BC by the Emperor Jimmu, a direct descendant of the sun goddess and ancestor of the present ruling imperial family.
		Japan went to the peace conference at Versailles in 1919 as one of the great military and industrial powers of the world and received official recognition as one of the "Big Five" of the new international order.
		The Japanese invasion of China in 1937 followed Japan's signing of the "anti-Comintern pact" with Nazi Germany the previous year and was part of a chain of developments culminating in the Japanese attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/japan.html (1467 words)

	Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		On March 31 1854 representatives of Japan and the United States signed a historic treaty.
		He knew that the mission to Japan would be his most significant accomplishment.
		The Japanese government realized that their country was in no position to defend itself against a foreign power, and Japan could not retain its isolation policy without risking war.
	www.history.navy.mil /branches/teach/ends/opening.htm (425 words)

	Significant Opportunities Opening in Japan
		Japan's nutritional supplements sector is a major market for U.S. firms and one that appears likely to continue to exhibit steady growth for the foreseeable future.
		Each year, Japan's Ministry of Health Education and Welfare publishes a report entitled "Outline of Survey Regarding National Nutritional Intake." According to the latest edition, many Japanese are deficient in their intake of such minerals as calcium and iron.
		Japan has the longest life expectancy in the world, and it also has the most rapidly aging population of any industrialized nation.
	www.naturalproductsinsider.com /articles/251infoc.html (1237 words)

	Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japan's medieval era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai.
		Japan's military is governed by the Japan Defense Agency (JDA) and primarily consists of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.
		Japan is among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemical, textiles, and processed foods, and is home to some of the largest and most well-known multinational corporations and commercial brands (see list of Japanese companies).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/JAPAN (6496 words)

	Consulate General of Japan in New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		By the dawn of the twentieth century, there were two new players on the international stage, Japan and the United States, two battle-tested young nations in love with modern technology and eager to test the waters of empire.
		This second opening was the work of men and women who realized that Japan had things to offer besides safe harbor for American whaling crews or coal for merchant ships bound for China.
		This recovery of Old Japan was the work of men and women who realized that to open Japan culturally meant that they had to open themselves in turn, and risk transformation in the process.
	www.cgj.org /en/c/vol_12-4/title_01.html (955 words)

	Transformation of Experience: Interpreting the 'Opening' of Japan - Events - Institute of East Asian Studies, UC ...
		Japan opened the country to the western world in the mid-19th century, giving up the previous policy of seclusion.
		After the opening of Japan, Japanese modernizers returned from visits to Europe and reported that there, military rules were strictly followed, whereas in Japan there was no discipline neither within nor outside the military.
		Japan is best known today for its contributions to physics and chemistry; but in the 19th century until about 1935, it was medicine that carried Japan's reputation abroad.
	ieas.berkeley.edu /events/2004.03.19a.html (1536 words)

	Opening Japan: The Construction Market
		But until the Japanese market is deemed open by our own firms and by the U.S. Trade Representative, we clearly need a role by the American government in which it can work with the U.S. private sector to try to break into the construction industry market in Japan.
		And as America's previous experience with Japan in trade negotiations has shown, commitments to carry out market openings may only be seen as such - that is, only as verbal commitments - until there is palpable proof that markets are truly open and access achieved.
		While Japan claims that U.S. companies have obtained $174 million worth of work on these fourteen projects, some in the U.S. claim that the "equivalent amount," or actual billings generated by U.S. designers and contractors in Japan on these projects is only approximately $6.5 million.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/HL288.cfm (3379 words)

	The opening of Japan Magazine Antiques - Find Articles
		This year marks the 150th anniversary of the opening of Japan to the West with the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa.
		The show, entitled Pacific Encounters: Yankee Whalers, Manjiro, and the Opening of Japan is on view at the New Bedford Whaling Museum in Massachusetts until April 2005 and includes some fifty objects associated with whaling and Manjiro.
		He served as an adviser at the proceedings that resulted in the opening of Japan to trade and diplomatic relations with the United States and later was a member of an official delegation to the United States in 1860 and to Europe in 1870.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_165/ai_n6063528 (534 words)

	AsiaMedia :: Opening Up Japan
		Japan's emergence as East Asia's leading power in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries involved three brutal wars in China, in which the Japanese army committed dreadful atrocities.
		Japan's grim outlook is bad news for the world because it is the globe's second leading economic power.
		Prospects for Japan acting as a global economic locomotive and of playing a role in poverty reduction and economic development are, for now, almost nil.
	www.asiamedia.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=16056 (906 words)

	1800perry
		Japan, as Webster nicely phrased it to a friend, was the key because God had placed coal "in the depths of the Japanese islands for the benefit of the human family." Aulick, however, fumbled his chance to become famous.
		Japan would promise kind treatment for castaways; would open the remote port of Shimoda for trade and as a coaling station (but not for three years); and would agree to provision American visitors at fair prices.
		Finally, although the opening of Japan must be credited to the Americans, it was the Russians who first provided the technical know-how that would allow the island country to expand onto the world stage.
	www.navyandmarine.org /ondeck/1800perryjapan.htm (9619 words)

	Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire . Timeline - 1800s \| PBS
		His war ships were larger than any the Japanese had seen, and their dark hulls earned them the name of "fl ships." Perry demanded negotiations on his own terms, and declared that he would return the next year to receive the Japanese response.
		Yoshinobu was educated as a scholar and he brought strong leadership skills and reforms to the Shogunate during the tumultuous years following the Japan's opening to the west.
		Lasting until 1912, the Meiji Restoration, heavily influenced by Japan's opening to Europe and the United States, saw the decline of the samurai warrior class and Japan's emergence into the modern era.
	www.pbs.org /empires/japan/timeline_1800.html (657 words)

	Native American in the Land of the Shogun: Ranald MacDonald and the Opening of Japan Canadian Journal of History - Find ...
		Native American in the Land of the Shogun: Ranald MacDonald and the Opening of Japan, by Frederik L. Schodt.
		That MacDonald entered Japan of his own volition, at a time when the nation's sakoku (closed country) policies placed severe restrictions on people entering or leaving the country is what makes MacDonald's exploit so fascinating and is what inspired Frederik L. Schodt to research and write this book.
		During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a number of Western whalers shipwrecked onto the shores of Japan, and there were diplomatic efforts, particularly by the British, Russians, and Americans to open Japan to outsiders.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200408/ai_n9444121 (888 words)

	Matthew Perry (naval officer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.
		James Glynn recommended to the United States Congress that negotiations to open Japan should be backed up by a demonstration of force, thus paving the way to Perry's expedition.
		The story of the opening of Japan was the basis of Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman's Pacific Overtures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Matthew_Perry_(naval_officer) (1847 words)

	Japan
		Japan's return to rule by emperors rather than by leading nobles.
		Japan's reforms that accompanied the Constitution of 1889.
		Japan agreed to permit the Russians to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad through Japanese territory.
	school.discovery.com /quizzes16/raiforngr/Japan.html (750 words)

	News On Japan - Nippon Shop - Books : Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The 200+ page book is not only packed with the history of zen in Japan as exemplified by the major zen monk artists but complemented by many examples of their art.
		The Arts of Japan, in two volumes, is a profusely illustrated, comprehensive survey of Japanese art from prehistoric times to the middle of the twentieth century.
		It opens your eyes to a way of life lead by the discipline of the sword.
	www.newsonjapan.com /html/nippon_shop/Books/Art (882 words)

	Celizic: Opening season in Japan is ridiculous - - MSNBC.com
		And what better place to officially open the season than in Japan, where they have a professional league of their own.
		Opening the season in any country other than the two in which major league baseball is played is an insult to the fans who support the game.
		It’s a day when you call in sick to work or sneak out early, a day to cut school, a day when uniforms are spotless and everyone’s batting average is.000 and everything is possible.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4623655 (1143 words)

	Woods leads after opening 65 in Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Playing in a steady downpour at the Phoenix Country Club, Woods opened with a birdie on the par-4 10th hole and added four more to take the lead in the $1.89 million tournament, the richest on the Japanese tour.
		His other appearances in Japan include a 15th-place finish at the Casio World Open in 1998 and a second-place outcome at the 2001 World Cup, when he paired with fellow American David Duval.
		British Open champion Todd Hamilton of the United States struggled with the wet conditions and finished with a 73 that included five bogeys.
	www.golf.com /gdc/news/article.asp?id=29109 (575 words)

	Stonewalk Japan 2005 - Opening Ceremony
		Today, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the country of Japan are strongly engaged in banning nuclear weapons and their testing worldwide.
		Stonewalk Japan 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the thousands killed by the atomic bombs, with a peace walk from Nagasaki July 2nd, to Hiroshima, August 4th.
		Greetings and Introduction of core team in Japan and core members from Peaceful Tomorrows and The Peace Abbey.
	www.stonewalk.org /japan/openingceremony.htm (152 words)

	Colleges hope new law schools will boost student numbers By AKEMI NAKAMURA Staff writer With the nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The new programs may help some schools attract more students, but many insiders expect universities to face stiff competition as they vie to acquire a reputation as solid providers of specialized education.
		Even Keio, one of Japan's top private universities, has employed various survival strategies, including lowering tuition fees and trying to offer better programs than its rivals, he said.
		The new law schools will emphasize practical legal education instead of the law programs that up to now have focused on juristic research -- an approach criticized because bar exam applicants all too often pursue only the technical skills needed to pass the extremely competitive test, and attend cram schools to acquire them.
	www.lawschool.com /japaneseschools.htm (920 words)

	JAPAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		3.The opening of Japan to the West Commodore Perry and Townsend Harris opened up Japan to the west after hundreds of years of seclusion.
		The US forced Japan to open its doors to trade.
		Medieval/Feudal Japan was using swords while America had ironclad ships that could traverse the world's oceans.
	interzone.com /~cheung/World/Jap/Per3_Page.html (114 words)

	JapanConsuming.com: Apple the fashion brand
		It is true that Apple is also famous for benefiting from a loyal, almost frenzied group of users and followers in Japan as much as the rest of the world, but most of these are more interested in its computers and operating system than music players.
		Within Japan, many of the core customers for the original iPod were men, in particular men with a bit of an obsession for new gadgets and a love of music.
		These chains are the dominant sellers of consumer technology and, as the fastest growing group of retailers in the country, will become ever more vital partners in the bid to dominate the nascent digital music market.
	www.japanconsuming.com /news/040701.html (1391 words)

	SL Japan Grand Opening ! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		TOKYO, Japan - September 10, 1998 — SL Japan Corporation is a subsidiary company of SL Corporation (Sherrill-Lubinski Corporation), a US corporation which provides dynamic graphic solutions based on its SL-GMS product for a number of industry areas, such as process control, network monitoring, traffic management, and power generation.
		SL Corporation established this direct office in Japan on July 1, 1998, after many years of operating via distributors in Japan.
		At the seminar, it was indicated that the establishment of SL Japan Corporation will bring results such as a stronger sales network, improved customer service, faster product delivery based on new and advanced technology, and a quick response to market demands.
	www.sl.com /sl_corp_japan2.html (285 words)

	Office Types - JETRO USA - Japan External Trade Organization
		Some companies make this decision very early on in order to position for future growth, and other companies build their Japan business to the point where the costs are outweighed by the benefits.
		When opening your Japan office, the first decision you will need to make is determining which type of business best meets your needs.
		We have business development professionals in the United States and Japan who (at no cost to you) are here to guide you through the process of setting up your Japan operations.
	www.jetro.org /content/186/220 (357 words)

	Agriculture Secretary Johanns Welcomes Japan's Beef Market Opening
		Resuming beef trade with Japan is great news for American producers and Japanese consumers, as well as an important step toward normalized trade based on scientifically sound, internationally recognized standards.
		Under the agreement announced today, the United States is able to export beef from cattle 20 months of age and younger to Japan.
		With the opening of Japan, 67 countries have now established trade to at least selected U.S. beef and beef products.
	japan.usembassy.gov /e/p/tp-20051211-74.html (453 words)

	Millennium Expands Global Presence Through Opening of Japan Office
		Key to the formation of new partnerships is raising awareness of Millennium's expertise and capabilities in genomic-based drug discovery and development among Japanese pharmaceutical companies.
		Japan and Asian operations will be led by Kuni Yamamoto in the recently created position of vice president for Japan and Asia.
		Yamamoto will be responsible for creating new business opportunities for Millennium including alliances, joint ventures, partnerships, and merger and acquisition activity within Japan and the rest of Asia.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/08-09-2000/0001286944 (457 words)

	General Information - Commodore Perry - 1852-4 - Japan Expedition - Lithographs
		The Matthew C. Perry expedition to Japan, 1852-4, probably represented the zenith of this pattern of exploration for scientific, political and economic purposes.
		After the opening of Japan the Catholic and Protestant faiths began to reappear in the foreign Treaty Port communities.
		With the opening of the Port of Yokohama in 1859, that city quickly became the major hub of foreign commerce and experienced unprecedented growth.
	www.baxleystamps.com /litho/ry_litho_main.shtml (16737 words)

	Major League Baseball’s Opening Day in Japan
		In 1998, Sosa visited Japan during the American All-Star tour and became highly visible.
		The All-Star Games, World Series, and many regular games are broadcast in Japan and Korea, so it was a treat for Japanese fans to see Mike Piazza with the New York Mets.
		Some still woke up to an extra early breakfast and sleepily viewed the proceedings as early as 2:00 am, but who knows what impact this change in location will bring to the world of baseball.
	www.psacard.com /articles/article2296.chtml (684 words)

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