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Topic: Operating system shell

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	Operating system shell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An operating system shell is a shell for an operating system; it is a program that presents an interface to various operating system functions and services.
		The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the kernel).
		Operating system shells generally fall into one of two categories: command line and graphical.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operating_system_shell (455 words)

	Operating system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most current usage of the term "operating system" today, by both popular and professional sources, refers to all the software that is required in order for the user to manage the system and to run third-party application software for that system.
		Mainframe operating systems, such as IBM's z/OS, and embedded operating systems such as QNX, eCos, and PalmOS, are usually unrelated to Unix and Windows, except Windows CE, Windows NT Embedded 4.0 and Windows XP Embedded which are related to Windows and several BSDs and Linux distributions tailored for the requirements of an embedded system*.
		An operating system is conceptually broken into three sets of components: a user interface (which may consist of a GUI and/or a command line interpreter or "shell"), low-level system utilities, and a kernel--which is the heart of the operating system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operating_system (1292 words)

	Shell article - Shell animal shell mollusk gastropod operating system shell UNIX shell - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		An animal shell, the hard, rigid outer covering of an animal such as a mollusk or gastropod.
		An operating system shell, such as a UNIX shell command line interpreter in the Unix operating system.
		For example, the shell of an egg though very thin is difficult to break because of its shape.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Shell (226 words)

	Learn more about Operating system in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The operating system ensures that other applications are able to use memory, input and output devices and have access to the file system.
		An operating system is conceptually broken into three sets of components: a user interface (called a shell), low-level system utilities, and a kernel--which is the heart of the operating system.
		In some operating systems the shell and the kernel are completely separate entities, allowing you to run varying combinations of shell and kernel (eg UNIX), in others their separation is only conceptual (eg Windows).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /o/op/operating_system.html (519 words)

	Command shell overview: Scripting; Management Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Windows server operating system command shell uses the command interpreter Cmd.exe, which loads applications and directs the flow of information between applications, to translate user input into a form that the operating system understands.
		The Cmd.exe command-shell environment is defined by variables that determine the behavior of the command shell and the operating system.
		System environment variables are preset in the operating system and available to all Windows server operating system processes.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/WindowsServ/2003/enterprise/proddocs/en-us/ntcmds_shelloverview.asp (1711 words)

	INLS183 First System Administration Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A shell usually implies an interface with a command syntax (think of the DOS operating system and its "C:>" prompts and user commands such as "dir" and "edit").
		The C shell program name is csh, and the shell prompt (the character displayed to indicate readiness for user input) is the % symbol.
		The C shell was invented for programmers who prefer syntax similar to that of the C programming language.
	ils.unc.edu /~tangy/shellCust.htm (1045 words)

	ipedia.com: Operating system Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Older operating systems which are still used in niche markets include the Windows-like OS/2 from IBM; VMS from Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC); and Mac OS, the non-Unix precursor to Apple's Mac OS X. Research and development of new kinds of operating systems is an active subfield of computer science.
		An operating system is conceptually broken into three sets of components: a user interface (which may consist of a graphical user interface and/or a command line interpreter or "shell"), low-level system utilities, and a kernel--which is the heart of the operating system.
		In some operating systems the shell and the kernel are completely separate entities, allowing you to run varying combinations of shell and kernel (eg UNIX), in others their separation is only conceptual.
	www.ipedia.com /operating_system.html (1007 words)

	shell - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Shell is a Unix term for the interactive user interface with an operating system.
		In some systems, the shell is called a command interpreter.
		As the outer layer of an operating system, a shell can be contrasted with the kernel, the operating system's inmost layer or core of services.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci212978,00.html (120 words)

	shell script - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A shell script is a text file that contains a sequence of commands for a Unix-based operating system.
		It's called a shell script because it combines into a "script" in a single file a sequence of commands that would otherwise have to be presented to the system from a keyboard one at a time.
		The shell is the operating system's command interpreter and the set of commands you use to communicate with the system.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci212979,00.html (164 words)

	Operating system shell
		The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system.
		Shells in many operating systems fall under two categories - command based and graphical based, providing a command line interface (CLI) to the operating system and a graphical user interface (GUI) respectively.
		One of the most noted example of a powerful CLI shell is the family of Unix shells provided on Unix and Unix-like systems.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/o/op/operating_system_shell.html (202 words)

	Method and computer program product for implementing multiple drag and drop operations for large objects without ...
		Responsive to the application receiving the transfer structure, the data object is transferred to the destination directory and the operating system interface shell is bypassed during the data object transfer.
		The operating system interface shell 134 then requests the data from the application like usual, but since where the drop took place is known, the data is written directly to the destination or target directory, bypassing the operating system interface shell 134.
		Then the operating system interface shell is given a name of a temporary file as indicated at a block 310.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6172676.html (2199 words)

	Shell Case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Today, the C shell is not in wide use; it has been superseded by other shells such as the Tenex C shell (tcsh), the Korn shell (ksh), and the GNU Bourne-Again shell (bash).
		The DOS Shell is a file manager first debuted in MS-DOS and PC-DOS 4.0 (June 1988) and discontinued after version 6.0 but part of the "Supplemental Disk" until 6.22 for MS-DOS - as such was not a core part of the operating system throughout its evolution but rather an add-on.
		The shell was intended as a graphical alternative to command.com and was not compatible with later versions of Microsoft Windows such as the Windows 9x range.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/163/shell-case.html (1168 words)

	REBOL Command Shell Interface
		Consequently, Windows shell features, such as redirection and expansion symbols, cannot be used in the arguments passed by the CALL command.
		Typically, a shell command returns zero when it is successful and a non-zero value when it is unsuccessful.
		Shell command output and errors are printed to the console, and the console can be used to send input directly to the command.
	www.rebol.com /docs/shell.html (1563 words)

	[No title]
		Linux is an operating system that functions identically to Unix but was developed from scratch by Linus Torvalds and later became a net project with contributions from hundreds of internet hackers worldwide.
		The shell similar to the DOS command prompt in Windows however, in Windows the DOS command prompt is part of the operating system.
		The Linux operating system has a capability known as a pipe that allows the output of one program or command to be piped into another.
	www.eskimo.com /shell_help.html (1614 words)

	SciTech Software, Inc - SciTech SNAP IES White Paper
		Differing device driver layers between operating systems usually means that during driver development, the source code for the equivalent drivers on each operating system is either developed from scratch or code for a similar operating system is ported to the new operating system.
		The operating system vendors needs to ensure their operating system is compatible with hardware devices already in existence and those new devices entering the market.
		Since each operating system defines the device driver interface for each class of device in a completely different way, this component is operating system dependent.
	www.scitechsoft.com /ies_paper/snap_ies_wp.htm (2887 words)

	Freeware Home - System Utilities > System Tools > Shell Enhancements
		Shell Extensions are in-process COM objects which extend the abilities of the Windows operating system.
		Most shell extensions are automatically installed by the operating system, but there are also many other applications that install additional shell extension components.
		PEEK is a Shell contextmenu extension which allows you to extract only the text portion of files, such as Exe files, DLL's, and just about any other file.
	www.freewarehome.com /System_Utilities/System_Tools/Shell_Enhancements_t.html (606 words)

	Syllabus: CSCI 4630 Summer 2001
		A computer's operating system is an extension of the computer's hardware, providing basic services, managing resources, and generally making the computer much easier to use than the bare hardware would be.
		Issues include file system organization and implementation, how an operating system can manage a large and ever-changing menagerie of devices, and how to provide an elegant and simple interface to all of this to application programs.
		Configuring and maintaining an operating system is done by a system administrator, who needs to be familiar with the user-level features.
	www.cs.ecu.edu /~karl/4630/sum01/syllabus.html (791 words)

	Introduction to Single Sign-On
		System administrators are faced with managing user accounts within each of the multiple systems to be accessed in a co-ordinated manner in order to maintain the integrity of security policy enforcement.
		The primary domain session is typically represented by an operating system session shell executed on the end user’s workstation within an environment representative of the end user (e.g., process atrributes, environment variables and home directory).
		In the single sign-on approach the system is required to collect from the user as, part of the primary sign-on, all the identification and user credential information necessary to support the authentication of the user to each of the secondary domains that the user may potentially require to interact with.
	www.opengroup.org /security/sso/sso_intro.htm (909 words)

	Speedy 3D
		The operating system shell is undoubtedly an important structure of an operating system.
		The shell interprets commands entered by the user, and passes them on to the operating system".
		From their you need to choose what version of the shell you want to run at startup, and modify the shell line in your system.ini file.
	www.speedy3d.com /reviews/smartos/index.shtml (376 words)

	The * (Misc) Menu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This enables you to jump to the operating system command shell.
		This function permits you to escape to an operating system shell session without terminating Faximum.
		There is no indication that you have jumped to the shell, so be sure to return to Faximum before logging off or leaving your desk for any extended period.
	www.faximum.com /manual.d/plus.d/refman-9.htm (253 words)

	TRM 4 Application Platform Entity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The operating system commands and utilities standard defines a source-level interface to users, shell scripts, and common utilities for application programs that conform to the POSIX standard.
		Operating system-level security mechanisms ensure the integrity of the operating systems such as detection of virus attacks and intrusion.
		The System Developer should work with the System Architect to determine the best application server operating system for the function supported.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/cio/trm/trm4-1.htm (947 words)

	Tcsh - TheBestLinks.com - BSD, Operating system, Unix shell, C shell, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		tcsh is a Unix shell, based on (and compatible with) the C shell (csh).
		The 't' in tcsh comes from the T in TENEX, an operating system which inspired the author of tcsh.
		It replaced the C shell as default shell on most modern BSD descendant operating systems.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Tcsh.html (144 words)

	Shell-out to Operating System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Usually this is used to manage files created by the internal animation loop however the shell commands are available for any scene.
		The string s is a single line of text which is passed to the operating system to execute a program.
		When POV-Ray executes a shell command it can make use of this error code returned from the shell process and take some appropriate action if the code is zero or non-zero.
	www.blastwave.org /docs/povray-3.50c/povdoc_151.html (985 words)

	Gene's CyberNook - Linux Segment
		In summary, a shell program is one that waits for you to enter a command and then takes the appropriate action based on your input.
		A non-interactive shell is one that isn’t connected to a terminal.
		This shell is mostly used when you need to ensure a degree of portability between different Unix environments because it is installed on most systems by default.
	world.std.com /~gjrsoft/linux/linux_shell_intro.html (1167 words)

	Shell Procedures and Unix Utilities : Operating System Layers
		If we have (for example) pipes in our shell command the shell is responsible for creating the pipe and doing the I/O redirection, invoking kernel functions when needed.
		Most of the last week's material focused on the underlying functions of the OS in managing memory, processes and I/O. These are the functions of the kernel.
		We can now move up levels and look at the utilities provided by the operating system, and the shell interface.
	www.cee.hw.ac.uk /~alison/SysLevProg/t3/topic2.html (160 words)

	31.7. Shell, Pipes and Printing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The shell the command is passed to is the value of the environment variable
		that will pass its output as input to the execution of the given operating system command.
		that will simultaneously pass its output as input to the execution of the given operating system command and supply the output from this command as input.
	www.podval.org /~sds/clisp/impnotes/shell.html (327 words)

	Front Range Internet, Inc. - FRII Services: Shell: FAQ
		Customers may want a shell account with FRII so they can use text-based email programs like Pine, Elm or Mutt; utilities such as ping and traceroute; or for easier management of their own directories.
		Secure Shell (SSH), sometimes known as Secure Socket Shell, is a UNIX-based command interface and protocol for securely gaining access to a remote computer.
		If any system you use is compromised, other systems you use with the same password could be endangered.
	www.frii.com /support/knowledgebase/viewArticle.php?articleID=260 (582 words)

	Jive Command: shell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The shell command passes a command line to the Operating System Command Shell for execution.
		The shell command passes the string as a command line to the Operating System Shell.
		If the argument to shell is empty or null, it becomes a test for availability of the Operating System Command Shell.
	www.firstsql.com /jive/jive2/jiv2shel.htm (132 words)

	UVA Computer Science: Operating Environment Customization - Shells
		The shell is a command line interpreter between you and the Unix operating system.
		Any UNIX shell is capable of interpreting programs written in the language of that shell.
		The first line of this example tells your current shell that the Korn shell must be invoked to execute the script.
	www.cs.virginia.edu /helpnet/Computer_OS/unix/shells (494 words)

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