
	Where results make sense

Topic: Operation Boleas

Related Topics

Operation Cooney

Trust (property)

Taiyuan University of Science and Technology

National Cathedral

Obfuscating software

24th March

Battle of Soltis

Cubic Boron Nitride

Ahnenerbe

Soviet Academy of Sciences

1756 in science

Oldbuck

Isaac Brock (musician)

Queen Marie of Romania

In the News (Sun 15 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	South African intervention in Lesotho - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The South African Defense Force Invasion of Lesotho, codenamed Operation Boleas, was a military invasion launched by Southern African Development Community (SADC), and led by South Africa into Lesotho to quell a suspected coup.
		The operation was described as a "intervention to restore democracy and the rule of law."
		The capital city of Maseru was gutted, rebuilding is still continuing as of 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_African_intervention_in_Lesotho (245 words)

	Conditions for Successful Entry and Exit, An Assessment of SADC Allied Operations in Lesotho - Boundaries of Peace ...
		As far as Operation Boleas is concerned, the SANDF claimed that the forces were mandated to conduct a military intervention operation to establish control over the border between South Africa and Lesotho, to protect South African assets and to stabilise Maseru in order to create a safe environment in which Lesotho’s problems could be negotiated.
		Unlike many other multinational operations — especially peace enforcement operations — previously conducted on African soil, the operational situation did not fluctuate and require sporadic changes in the nature of the operation and in the action to be taken on the part of the military forces.
		Operation Boleas was conducted in the full glare of the media, and reporters played a pivotal role in interpreting news and events surrounding the operation.
	www.iss.co.za /Pubs/Monographs/No44/AnalysisSADC.html (7517 words)

	OJPCR 2.2: Military Intervention in Lesotho
		One of the greatest difficulties pertaining to Operation Boleas was clearly its political justification from a regional perspective.
		This was strikingly articulated by the Officer Commanding Operation Boleas, Colonel Robbie Hartslief, who suggested that "...this kind of intervention (in Lesotho) be accepted as a new kind of peace operation in Africa, because such operations may prevent a massive loss of lives and enormous economic damage".
		Operation Boleas is probably a case in point as many reporters and analysts seemed to be unclear on the mission's exact intention and on the ambit of South Africa's foreign policy framework in respect of peace making efforts.
	www.trinstitute.org /ojpcr/2_2neethling.htm (4696 words)

	User:Impi/sandbox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Versatile Sea, Air or Land Special Operations Force, specialise in long-range reconnaissance and demolition missions.
		Conducting Airborne operations, conducting direct action operations, conducting raids, counter-terrorism, hydographic recoinnasance, infiltrating and exfiltrating by sea, air or land, intelligence, recovery of personnel and special equipment, support of general purpose forces (GPF), underwater demolition.
		Operation Boleas was the name given to the joint South Africa-Botswana peace enforcement operation conducted in the Kingdom of Lesotho in 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/User:Impi/sandbox (891 words)

	Southern Africa's peacekeeping force takes shape
		Boleas was not a peacekeeping operation but a SADC military intervention in Lesotho.
		Indeed, while the operation was planned more along the lines of Panama or Grenada than Bosnia, where SFOR is still enforcing a shaky peace four years down the line, it had the potential to turn into something akin to Afghanistan.
		And should it have been a real peacekeeping operation, rather than a sub-regional training exercise, contingency planning was in place to "safely evacuate" the force should the strategic end state not be attainable and authorisation to creep the mission to peace enforcement be lacking.
	defence-data.com /features/fpage25.htm (1318 words)

	lesotho
		The briefing came as the first South African troops to be withdrawn from Lesotho crossed into home territory, and as Lesotho's National Assembly debated the second reading of a bill to set up an interim political authority including government and opposition representatives.
		SANDF chief General Siphiwe Nyanda told the committee that Operation Boleas, a Southern African Development Community (SADC) operation carried out with the Botswana Defence Force, had cost the army over R24 million from September 22 to date.
		Participating units were not combat ready and stock level planning for operational reserves was not done, resulting in a strain on supplies.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1998/11/03/southafrica/LESOTHO.HTM (390 words)

	Decisions, Decisions, South Africa's foray into regional peace operations - Paper 72, April 2003
		From a narrow military perspective, Operation Boleas was arguably a success as the military objectives of the mandate were accomplished.
		Critics of Boleas may therefore be silenced with the argument that 'the ends justified the means', but this would not be possible in a mission that fails or is perceived to fail, or which results in more serious loss of life than that incurred by the SANDF in Lesotho.
		Progress by the UN DPKO (Civilian Police Division) in the development of a rapidly deployable civilian police component during the start-up phase of a peace operation is one of the principal cornerstones in the refinement of the UN's 'post-Brahimi' overall rule of law strategy.
	www.iss.co.za /Pubs/Papers/72/Paper72.html (11831 words)

	Fighting in the DRC at Commentary South Africa
		For some perspective, the MONUC force is operating under a Chapter 7 mandate, whilst South Africa's intervention in Lesotho was handled as if it was under a Chapter 8 mandate (though of course there was no UN permission for that intervention).
		It's also good that the quality of our soldiers appears to have improved since Operation Boleas in 1998 (though to be fair, half the problem in that instance was a series of terrible decisions taken by the govt and operation planners).
		The mere fact that the UN peacekeepers have to operate to a strict set of rules is its failure.
	commentary.co.za /?p=1096 (1893 words)

	Sunday Times - insight - 11 October 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An immediate apology to Mufamadi's daughter for the anguish caused by making her apologise for theft in front of the school and an immediate green light for her to write her matric exams.
		Operation Boleas - the foray into Lesotho - was told that the name was selected at random by a military intelligence computer.
		recalls that this was not the case with the previous regime's security force operations, the names of which were all carefully selected.
	www.sundaytimes.co.za /1998/10/11/insight/in07.htm (673 words)

	Renaissance Peacekeeping - A South African Solution to Conflict in the DRC? - Occasional Paper No 37 - March 1999
		The problem with getting involved in a peace operation to support a shaky cease-fire is that the UN is unlikely to show much enthusiasm for the effort, and the most that could be hoped for would be a UN Security Council resolution commending the OAU for taking such an initiative.
		This would be coupled to a follow-on UN peacekeeping operation to supervise and assist in the implementation of the peace agreement.
		According to the outline document explaining the ‘Draft Mechanism’, the operational tasks are as ambitious as any that have ever been proposed by the international community for an African intervention, and their execution would demand incredible political will, as well as massive human and material resources on the part of contributors.
	www.issafrica.org /Pubs/Papers/37/Paper37.html (4764 words)

	History of Lesotho Encyclopedia Articles @ 216.92.11.26 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With an overwhelming progovernment majority, it was largely the instrument of the BNP, led by Prime Minister Jonathan.
		In addition to the Jonathan regime's alienation of Basotho powerbrokers and the local population, South Africa had virtually closed the country's land borders because of Lesotho support of cross-border operations of the African National Congress (ANC).
		To this end, Operation Boleas, consisting of South African and (later) Botswana troops, entered Lesotho on September 22, 1998 to put down the mutiny and restore the democratically elected government.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/History_of_Lesotho (1478 words)

	The Botswana Defence Force - African Security Review Vol 13 No 4, 2004
		These operations, too, were regarded as a considerable success by both the BDF participants and external observers.
		In addition to the anti-poaching operations, these included two separate programmes to assist the national police in anti-crime activities,58 flood relief during years of particularly heavy rain,59 and participation in national efforts to control livestock diseases (under the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture).
		The operation was commanded by a South African military officer, the deputy commander was a colonel in the Botswana Defence Force.
	www.issafrica.org /pubs/ASR/13No4/EHenk.htm (9069 words)

	Latest News - Republic of Botswana
		Ms Seretse said BDF's first mission in 1998 was Operation BOLEAS which sought to prevent anarchy through military intervention to disarm and contain armed units.
		She said the second mission, Operation MALUTI, was to retrain members of the Lesotho Defence Force and the Lesotho Royal Mounted Police's counter crime unit.
		The BDF peace operation in Lesotho was successful and all objectives of the mission were accomplished, she added.
	www.gov.bw /cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20000707&i=Lesotho_operation_costs_P13m (284 words)

	The Portfolio Committee on Defence, having undertaken a study tour to De Aar (97 Ammunition Depot) and Bloemfontein ...
		The operational design drivers for the Rooivalk attack helicopter are firepower, survivability, limited ground support, mobility, payload, range and all weather operations.
		Clarity should be obtained about the operational funding of the Rooivalk over the medium term expenditure framework, so that the Rooivalk receives proper financial and institutional support.
		The Parachute Battalion was formed in 1961 and in 1998 it received its ‘baptism of fire’ in Lesotho during Operation Boleas.
	www.pmg.org.za /docs/2003/comreports/050329pcdefencereport.htm (4399 words)

	[No title]
		Finally, it outlines the existence of current laws governing the commencement and termination of hostilities, who counts as lawful combatants, and the actions that may legally be undertaken during warfare.
		In the wake of Operation Desert Storm, the question of "just war" has become a hotly contested issue, and this classic text on war and the ethics of modern statecraft written at the height of the Vietnam era in 1968 speaks to a new generation of readers.
		This paper is an attempt to shed some light on a number of issues featured in the public debate in South Africa on Operation Boleas.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/jus_in_bello.jsp (3142 words)

	SAPA - 29 Oct 98 - CASSINGA RAID HAS PARALLEL IN LESOTHO INTERVENTION: VILJOEN
		The 1978 Cassinga raid in Angola, which claimed the lives of 600 people, was a lawful military operation which had a parallel in the recent South African National Defence Force (SANDF) intervention in Lesotho, Freedom Front leader General Constand Viljoen said on Thursday.
		Reacting to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's finding that the cross-border raid was a gross violation of human rights, he said the South African Defence Force (SADF) operation had been conducted by a lawful army in a war situation.
		Viljoen, who was chief of the army at the time of the raid, denied the raid had resulted in human rights violations, and said Cassinga had a parallel in Operation Boleas in Lesotho.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1998/9810/s1029i.htm (333 words)

	Crimes of War > War in Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These guidelines were summed up in the UN Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, colloquially known as the ‘Brahimi Report’, which was published in 2000.
		In South Africa’s case, apart from the ill-conceived military intervention into Lesotho through Operation Boleas in September 1998, the peace support missions have been limited to sending observers to monitor the Ethiopian-Eritrean cease-fire and, more recently, detachments to Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
		We want them to stay.”10 This operation may be a guide to the way future emergencies should be managed, in Liberia and Cote d’Ivoire and elsewhere, though ultimately success can only be measured in terms of Sierra Leone’s ability to remain stable after the British have departed.
	www.crimesofwar.org /africa-mag/afr_03_mills.html (4232 words)

	Nelson Mandela's African Invasion
		His magic has all but made South Africa’s 1998 invasion of Lesotho disappear from the moral memory of all those applauding him.
		The logic of the invasion, code-named “Boleas,” was a blueprint for the rationale of Operation Enduring Freedom in Iraq five years later.
		Operation Boleas was the greatest tragedy in the history of the ancient mountain kingdom of Lesotho.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=9886 (1625 words)

	WorldMonitor.info / Political and military events before February 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The UN deadline for UNITA to complete its remaining peace process tasks was passed on 31 May, then an extension was broken on 23 June.
		Operations would show that the SANDF was not yet a truly integrated force, and it lacked experience in peacekeeping operations.
		The operation began on 28 July; within a week Charikar was taken and Massoud was forced back to the Panjshir Valley.
	www.worldmonitor.info /chronprefeb2000.html (1698 words)

	Ratel Infantry Combat Vehicle by William Marshall (Scratchbuilt Conversion 1/48) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Access to the main compartment is through two pneumatically operated doors on the side of the vehicle.
		The vehicle also has a small rear hatch which is connected to the main compartment by means of a small tunnel.
		Vehicles with these red callsigns could be seen as part of 1 SAI during Operation Boleas, the SADEC intervention in Lesotho in September 1998.
	www.kitparade.com /features00/ratelwm_1.htm (2709 words)

	From the SADF to the SANDF: Safegaurding South Africa for a better life for all? - Noel Stott
		Our insight into how the military operated was further constrained by the limited availability of detail on the previous state's security structures and the evolution of their relationship to the police and broader political structures.
		The effectiveness of these operations in the ongoing war against what are, in some respects, the results of past SADF operations to destabilise the region: arms smuggling, drug and wild-life (flora and fauna) trafficking and the like is, however, a matter of interpretation.
		During this period, one of the chief tasks of the SADF, and in particular of its Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI), was to implement a destabilisation strategy in the Southern African region.
	www.csvr.org.za /papers/papvtp7.htm (18587 words)

	The Head Heeb: Irony alert
		The problem wasn't a shortage of personpower, but just that the death of 200 South African soldiers would have been the death-knell for the National Party's electability (hardly any white South Africans really supported the war, despite the efforts of the media to back it).
		The SA invasion was supported by SADC (Botswana and Zimbabwe even sent troops after the South Africans had taken all the casualties and the odium).
		The invasion and subsequent occupation(Operation Boleas) are actually close to a textbook example of how operations of this kind can lead to relatively good consequences (stability in Lesotho) despite the disastrous opening (due entirely to trying to do the invasion on the cheap, so that there was nobody to put down the riots in Maseru).
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/025325.html (2441 words)

	Phyrric Victories and the Collapse of Humanitarian Principles
		“A humanitarian operation is not a militant operation, and to attach any political objective or connotation to it would undoubtedly impair its credibility for all concerned in a conflict situation, and consequently its acceptability and efficacy.
		[15] With few exceptions, such as Operation Restore Hope in Somalia (1992-3), Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti (1994) and Operation Boleas in Lesotho (1998), most military interventions conducted in the past twenty-five years have been illegitimate because they lacked UNSC approval.
		Three other operating frameworks that have influenced donors and humanitarian agencies are the Red Cross Movement’s Code of Conduct, the Sphere project’s Humanitarian Charter and the Humanitarian Ombudsman Project.
	www.jha.ac /articles/a094.htm (4241 words)

	media
		PRETORIA -- SA National Defence Force chief General Siphiwe Nyanda yesterday accused the media of ignoring the successes of South Africa's recent military incursion into Lesotho and focusing on its failures instead.
		Gen Nyanda said journalists had grossly distorted a report about Oper- ation Boleas given by the SANDF to Parliament's foreign affairs and defence portfolio committees on Monday.
		"The briefing clearly informed Parliament that the operation was a success -- that anarchy was suppressed and the basis for constitutional order created." -- Sapa
	www.dispatch.co.za /1998/11/05/southafrica/MEDIA.HTM (131 words)

	Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The whole Defense Force personnel was reduced by one third and made a volunteer force after May 1994 (Schneidman 1994)
		Yet on September 22, 1998 the South African Army invaded Lesotho in Operation Boleas at the request of the Lesotho Prime Minister after civil unrest in his country (Combined Task Force Boleas).
		Some in Lesotho say that "South Africa wants Lesotho to be their tenth province...as Lesotho's King Letsie III did not request the intervention (Flames Devoured a City)."
	www.usm.maine.edu /~kuzma/security/safrica/Power.htm (242 words)

	A Quick Look at Wargames
		This war could have an affect on not just warring countries, or continents involved, but the whole world.
		We have the capability, equipment, commitment, and the means, but did we implement the necessary planning and most importantly, did we study all the consequences associated with the preparation for this military operation ?
		Finally, before entering the various regional conflicts in Southern Africa, such as Rawanda, Burundi, Angola and now the (DRC), maybe our various political figures should evaluate the pros and cons more thoroughly, before committing the country, the military, and the people into such binding, long lasting and financially crippling decisions.
	www.iwar.org.uk /military/resources/wargames.htm (1637 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
		Although international observers found the elections to be free and fair, the opposition disputed that claim because of the overwhelming majority won by the LCD.
		At the request of the government, a Southern African Development Community (SADC) task force initiated Operation Boleas, consisting of South African and Botswanan troops which entered Lesotho on September 22, 1998 to put down an army mutiny and restore the democratically elected government.
		The SADC task force withdrew leaving a small task force to provide training to the LDF.
	www.ndi.org /globalp/civmil/programscm/lesotho/lesothocm_1999_pf.asp (1440 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)