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| | North Africa, WW2, Tobruk, Benghazi, Torch, Malta, Suez, Egypt, Greece, Crete, Alexandria, Med Fleet, 8th Army, ... |
 | | This was the first of many reinforcement and supply operations, often bitterly fought to keep Malta alive and in the fight against Axis supply routes to their armies in North Africa. |
 | | Over 300 ships were therefore directly involved in what at that time was the greatest amphibious operation in history, and the forerunner of even greater ones to come before the war was won. |
 | | Since Operation 'Excess' in January 1941, two aircraft carriers, four cruisers, 16 destroyers and five submarines had been lost in the many attempts to supply and reinforce the island, and in the heavy air attacks launched against the George Cross island. |
| www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsNorthAfrica.htm (6560 words) |
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