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Topic: Operation Deep Freeze

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1955

	Operation Highjump - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Highjump (OpHjp), officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946-47, was a United States Navy operation in Antarctica under the command of Richard Cruzen, which was launched on 26 August 1946 and lasted until 1947.
		After the operation ended, a follow-up Operation Windmill returned to the area, citing that a large percentage of the aerial photographs from the earlier mission had been poorly exposed, and needed to be re-shot.
		Operation Highjump has become a topic among UFO conspiracy theorists, who claim it was a covert US military operation to conquer alleged secret underground Nazi facilities in the Antarctica and capture the German Vril flying discs, or Thule mercury-powered spaceship prototypes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Highjump (509 words)

	Operation Deep Freeze - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Deep Freeze I (OpDFrz) was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955–56.
		Operation Deep Freeze I would prepare a permanent research station and pave the way for more exhaustive research in later Deep Freeze operations.
		These aircraft augmented by the U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers, the USAF Air Mobility Command (AMC), and the Military Sealift Command, are also known collectively as Operation Deep Freeze, which is managed from Christchurch, New Zealand, by a Detachment of the U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard members of Air National Guard Detachment 13.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze (1271 words)

	Operation Deep Freeze
		Upon completion of their Operation Deep Freeze assignment to Campbell Island and Antarctica, Calcaterra and Thomas J. Gary returned to Newport via the Indian Ocean, Suez Canal, The Med, and Atlantic Ocean, thus completely circling the earth during each of these 10 month deployments.
		Other ships that supported Operation Deep Freeze during the 11 years were USS: Mills, Vance, Peterson, Forster, Durant, Hissem, Brough, Wilhoite, and HMNZS Endeavour, Pukaki and Rotoiti.
		Operation Deep Freeze was the United States'contribution to the peaceful study of Antarctica.
	www.aspen-ridge.net /body_index.html (621 words)

	Deep Freeze Soldiers
		As terminal operations officer and NCOIC for terminal operations, respectively, Gio-vino and Moore are responsible for managing the air and sea transportation of all the people, equipment and supplies moved to and from the vast southern continent in support of the United States Antarctic Program, known as Operation Deep Freeze.
		The first phase of the Operation Deep Freeze mission is "Winfly," the winter fly-in of personnel who prepare the United States' McMurdo and South Pole stations and New Zealand's Scott Base for the new season.
		Deep Freeze's second phase is the movement of the main body of research personnel.
	www.army.mil /soldiers/feb97/text/freezet.html (1411 words)

	From
		Operating under the code name Operation Deep Freeze the mission of this force was to establish bases on Antarctica for geophysical studies during the coming year.
		DEEP FREEZE '92 marked the first year in which aircraft (UH-1 N Hueys) were operated during the period between WIN FLY and the start of normal operations in October.
		DEEP FREEZE '93 saw VXE-6 break many records, the most amazing being the total cargo flown in a single season: Nearly 9.4 million pounds of cargo and fuel were transported on continent DEEP FREEZE '96 marked the squadron's 40th annual deployment to Antarctica.
	www.radiocom.net /vx6/timeline.htm (2923 words)

	Motor Transport Corps
		Operation Deep Freeze was an annual mission supported by the US Army Aviation detachment from 1956 to 1969.
		Task Force 43, commanded by the US Navy was responsible for Operation Deep Freeze's logistics, planning, coordination and support.
		During air reconnaissance operations to establish safe routes for the National Science Foundation parties, Army personnel discovered several new ranges in Sentinel Mountains, where helicopter detachments supported a detailed mapping operation.
	www.transchool.eustis.army.mil /Museum/Antarctic.htm (666 words)

	To the End of the Earth: The Journey -- Deep Freeze
		Operation Deep Freeze is the unclassified code name given to the operations conducted by the Coast Guard, Air Force, Military Sealift Command and New York Air National Guard to provide operational and logistic support to the United States Antarctic Program, or USAP.
		Operation Deep Freeze involves the deployment of scientific and support personnel, construction projects and supply operations, as well as coordinating air and surface operations for logistical and scientific support missions to McMurdo.
		Operated by Gulf Lines under contract to the Military Sealift Command, it delivered approximately 9 million pounds of dry cargo to McMurdo in 1999.
	www.entreeventurenetwork.com /Antarctica/deepfreeze.shtml (378 words)

	Operation Deep Freeze again helps homeless \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		A cold day and freezing overnight temperatures forced Tucsonans to bundle up - and sent the area's homeless to shelters in the first night this season of Operation Deep Freeze.
		Operation Deep Freeze can go into effect anytime from Nov. 15 through March 31, but Sunday was the first night this season when authorities have opened the doors at the shelters that take part in the relief effort.
		"Operation Deep Freeze is a great collaborative effort on the part of 39 churches, the Tucson Police Department and other agencies who deal with homelessness on a regular basis."
	www.azstarnet.com /metro/104443 (459 words)

	Antarctic Philately: Operation Deepfreeze
		OPERATION DEEPFREEZE II, in 1956-57, was intended to build a permanent station at the South Pole along with establishment of three other IGY stations...Byrd station in Marie Byrd Land, Wilkes station in Vincennes Bay and Ellsworth station on the Filchner Ice Shelf.
		Even though Byrd was in command of the operation, effective control of the operations were under Rear Admiral George Dufek.
		Deepfreeze I was a resounding success and with twelve ships and the assistance of 3400 men, Deepfreeze II succeeded in the establishment at the South Pole.
	www.south-pole.com /p0000149.htm (654 words)

	Navy Art Gallery exhibit: Antarctica: Operation Deep Freeze I: 1955-56
		Operation Deep Freeze I was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955-56.
		After WWII, from 1946-47, Byrd was instrumental in the Navy's Operation Highjump that charted most of the Antarctic coastline.
		The ships in Operation Deep Freeze left Boston and Norfolk on 14 November, traveled through the Panama Canal and across the Pacific Ocean to Port Lyttleton, New Zealand.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/exploration/deepfreeze/deepfreeze1.html (734 words)

	USS Glacier AGB-4 Association - The Glacier Annals: The Ship's History
		During Deep Freeze III and the IGY of 1957-58, Glacier participated as a launching platform for extensive "rockoon" test during which balloon-lifted rockets gained information useful to the "Explorer" space satellite program.
		Underway again 8 October 1961 for Deep Freeze 62, she loaded cargo at Port Lyttleton in early November and encountered the Ross Sea ice pack 13 November, reaching McMurdo Sound by the end of the month.
		After further participation in her 11th Operation "Deep Freeze," Glacier returned to the home port, Boston, Mass., in the late spring of 1966.
	www.ussglacier.com /annals/history.htm (578 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Operation Deep Freeze turns 40 By JO2 Trevor Poulsen, NSFA Public Affairs Office PORT HUENEME, Calif. (NWSA) -- The Navy's Operation Deep Freeze began its 40th season on Oct. 1 as more than 535 members of U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica (NSFA) and Antarctic Development Squadron 6 (VXE-6) deploy to Antarctica.
		During this first "Operation Deep Freeze" McMurdo Station was established on Ross Island to serve as a logistical hub.
		Operation Deep Freeze enables scientists to conduct important research that is vital to the United States and has a global impact, too.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/news/navywire/nwsa95/nwsa1002.txt (3449 words)

	deepfreeze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1946, Byrd led the massive Navy "Operation Highjump," an exercise to prepare the U.S. military to fight the Soviet Union in polar conditions.
		During the operation, Byrd invaded Antarctica with 4,700 men on 13 ships and 33 aircraft, pioneering the use of helicopters and icebreakers.
		The Navy's support force for the continent was popularly known as "Operation Deep Freeze," and its rugged members included the "Ice Pirates," six Bell Huey helicopters that have airlifted scientists and their cargo to remote stations for years.
	home.austin.rr.com /gijoemuseum/deepfreeze.html (459 words)

	TEACHERS.NET TEAMS WITH U.S. COAST GUARD OPERATION DEEP FREEZE - When U.S. Coast Guard Operation Deep Freeze goes to ...
		U.S. Coast Guard Operation Deep Freeze embarks annually to the South Pole to re-supply and support scientific research stations on the frozen continent.
		He will also contribute articles about the activities of Operation Deep Freeze from Antarctica, to be published in the monthly Teachers.Net Gazette webzine http://teachers.net/gazette through February 2003.
		Operation Deep Freeze is part of the mission to deliver fuel, building supplies, provisions, and equipment to the 250 year-round and 1,500 seasonal residents of the frozen research facility on Antarctica using Coast Guard icebreakers and their aviation detachments ("AVDET’s").
	www.teachers.net /releases/deepfreeze.html (1004 words)

	deep freeze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Operation Deep Freeze was an effort to open and understand the great white continent of Antarctica...
		AUGUST 24, 2001 The Deep Freeze Kim Dae Jung's 'sunshine policy' of engagement with Pyongyang is under a cloud.
		Deep Freeze is simple, easy to use and installs in seconds as configuration only requires a password.
	www.xhenetwork.com /deepfreeze/deepfreeze2.html (2018 words)

	Operation Deep Freeze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The operation gets underway each August when cargo planes brave the end-of-winter weather during the first phase of Deep Freeze, known as Winter Fly, or “Winfly.” The arrival of C-141s, C-5s and C-17s mark the first contact with the outside world since February for the approximately 160 people who’ve wintered over at McMurdo Station.
		The next phase of the operation — “main body” — is when the continent emerges from hibernation and the pulse quickens.
		The Operation Deep Freeze season winds down from December through February with the redeployment phase, usually consisting of about 25 missions to slowly depopulate McMurdo and at the same time, begin stockpiling winter supplies.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/0405/freeze.shtml (2534 words)

	Antarctica: Operation Deep Freeze I: 1955-56
		The purpose of this operation is to implement the planned program in the Antarctic by conducting operations during the period 1954-1959 and subsequent thereto as directed by competent authority.
		The general scope of this operation contemplates the execution of a plan outlining minimum floating forces to support the International Geophysical Year on the ANTARCTIC Continent and to gain further knowledge of the geography of Antarctica and hydrography of contiguous waters.
		With the departure of the GLACIER from the Antarctic the operational phase of DEEP FREEZE I was concluded.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/exploration/deepfreeze/ctf.htm (10425 words)

	Deep Freeze Soldiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		As terminal operations officer and NCOIC for terminal operations, respectively, Giovino and Moore are responsible for managing the air and sea transportation of all the people, equipment and supplies moved to and from the vast southern continent in support of the United States Antarctic Program, known as Operation Deep Freeze.
		This entails flights down to the ice from the beginning of October to mid-December by Air Force C-141s and C-5s.
		Moore and I manage the operation," Giovino said, "but it's the New Zealand civilians and military people who work with us who make things happen.
	www.army.mil /soldiers/feb97/features/freeze.html (1411 words)

	Withdrawl of Wickup: National Historic Landmarks Program (NHL)
		Admiral Byrd planning for Operation Deep Freeze in 1955.
		Byrd headed three government-sponsored expeditions to the Antarctic, the first during 1939-1940, the second (Operation Highjump) in 1946, and the third (Operation Deep Freeze I) in 1955.
		His role during the last two was more titular than operational, although he did manage for brief periods to participate in the explorations.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nhl/DOE_dedesignations/Wickyup.htm (785 words)

	Polar Operations ~ History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Navy operated five large icebreakers with helicopter capabilities; the Coast Guard operated three, the NORTHWIND, EASTWIND and WESTWIND.
		Antarctic missions are in conjunction with the U.S. Navy’s Operation Deep Freeze.
		The Coast Guard’s participation in Operation Deep Freeze also assures the political stability and multinational neutrality promulgated by the 1961 Antarctic Treaty.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/atcmobil/popdiv/history.html (610 words)

	Mac's Role in Deep Freeze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Nature then begins the rebuilding job in the early days of autumn (March through June), and by the time the severe temperatures and winds of winter subside, the ice at the runway location is of sturdy thickness, capable of accommodating aircraft with gross weight of more than 250,000 pounds.
		Climaxing this planning and staging-out of Quonset Point Naval Air Station, Rhode Island, for the overseas operation and out of Christchurch, New Zealand, for the flights to the ice—the C-141 Starlifters begin their missions in early October and continue until the McMurdo Sound runway is closed down for the year.
		In comparison with the overall operation, the Military Airlift Command’s assigned mission is modest.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1972/may-jun/belz.html (1400 words)

	Sealift -- Operation Deep Freeze weathers storms, meets success
		The frigid temperatures of Antarctica were no match for the ice-strengthened hulls of Military Sealift Command tanker USNS Lawrence H. Gianella and MSC cargo ship MV American Tern as they off-loaded their cargo for Operation Deep Freeze early this year.
		The specially fortified hull of MSC tanker USNS Lawrence H. Gianella has no problem plowing though ice and snow on her trek to Antarctica, as part of Operation Deep Freeze.
		Gianella is a veteran of Operation Deep Freeze, having last traveled to McMurdo in 2000.
	www.msc.navy.mil /sealift/2004/April/deepfreeze.htm (741 words)

	Community Services Department - Winter Shelter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The goal of Tucson's Winter Shelter Program is to expand the number of shelter beds in Tucson during the cold months to protect the health and safety of people who are homeless.
		The Winter Shelter Program runs from November 15 to March 31 and has three components: Operation Deep Freeze, Project Hospitality and One Step Beyond.
		Operation Deep Freeze is an emergency plan for opening overflow shelters to provide beds for all persons in need on nights when the temperature drops to 35 degrees or to 40 degrees with precipitation.
	www.ci.tucson.az.us /csd/Community/Homeless/Winter_Shelter/winter_shelter.html (322 words)

	Polar Class Icebreakers
		The two Polar-class icebreakers operated by the Coast Guard alternate years participating in Operation DEEP FREEZE.
		Usual reimbursement from NSF to the Coast Guard for an entire DEEP FREEZE mission is approximately $1.4 million.
		Further, the salary costs of the Lieutenant Commander (O-4) in the Ice Operations Desk at Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area is partially reimbursed to the Coast Guard by NSF.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/DFB.html (2224 words)

	SIU - Seafarers Stay Cool under Pressure, Deliver in Operation Deep Freeze
		The annual resupply mission (which includes a separate delivery of food and other stores), known as Operation Deep Freeze, takes Seafarers to Earthâs coldest, windiest locationâ”but that doesnât stop crew members from not only doing the job, but doing it well.
		After the voyage, a communication from the U.S. Military Sealift Command (MSC) praised the crew for its âsuperlative performance during the recent Operation Deep Freeze polar resupply mission.
		Operating in severe weather conditions, both ship and crew demonstrated the finest professionalism in providing critical logistical support to the men and women at McMurdo Station.
	www.seafarers.org /log/2005/042005/deepfreeze.xml (380 words)

	News Archives from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This month, James and his crew of five piloted one of the two last LC-130 cargo planes to close this year's Operation Deep Freeze.
		This included the most flights over the South Pole -- 337, said Clark, who is Pacific Air Forces director of operations and plans for Joint Task Force Support Forces Antarctica Operation Deep Freeze.
		The Navy controlled the operation then, but in 1998 the New York Air Guard assumed full control of the mission.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/news/2006/031306opdeepfr.shtml (892 words)

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