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	Operation Desert Fox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Desert Fox was the military codename for a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from December 16-December 19, 1998 by the United States and United Kingdom.
		According to General Zinni, the operation was so successful that he saw no need to extend the operation into Ramadan, due to begin on December 19.
		Critics claimed the timing of this operation was a so-called "Wag the Dog" scenario aimed at diverting media attention away from the impeachment proceedings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Desert_Fox (1777 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		When Operation Desert Storm was mounted, to force the Iraqi army out of Kuwait; the mission was clear, the objective obvious and, despite some objections, the action was almost universally supported.
		Operation Desert Fox had no such clear or achievable objectives and it is difficult to see how, in these circumstances, unanimous UN support would have been forthcoming.
		During Desert Storm the UK Foreign Office expressed concern that attacks on Baghdad were doing nothing to aid a peaceful settlement of hostilities, yet they undertook the same action when the situation in the Middle East had become more stable and an, albeit fragile, peace existed.
	www.hippy.freeserve.co.uk /desertfx.htm (2249 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Desert Fox Special Report
		The official rationale for Desert Fox may remain the "degrading" of Iraq's ability to produce weapons of mass destruction and the "diminishing" of the Iraqi threat to its neighbors.
		The heart of the Desert Fox list (49 of the 100 targets) is the Iraqi regime itself: a half-dozen palace strongholds and their supporting cast of secret police, guard and transport organizations.
		Desert Fox's most significant departure from Desert Storm is its targeting of offices associated with Saddam Hussein's entourage and advisers, the Iraqi intelligence and Ba'ath party organizations, and the security and transport apparatus that is so essential for Saddam's survival.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/analysis.htm (1818 words)

	JAFFE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES - STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT
		Operation Desert Fox, conducted on December 16 - 20, 1998, brought to a climax a process that had begun in October 1997, when Saddam Hussein undertook an intensified effort to free himself from the supervision conducted by the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) and the international sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council (UNSC).
		These efforts focused primarily on two areas: Refining the operation plan prepared in early 1998, and readying the forces to carry out the operation on short notice, eliminating the need for a protracted period for moving in forces between the time an operational decision is taken and the onset of military action.
		During the course of the operation, the total forces were nearly doubled, with the arrival of another aircraft carrier and several squadrons of the US Air Force, some of which participated in the last night of bombing.
	www.tau.ac.il /jcss/sa/v2n1p3_n.html (4142 words)

	Operation Desert Fox - Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Prior to the Operation Desert Fox there was a distinct pattern in American military preparations to attack Iraq.
		Before the Desert Fox, the arrival of additional carriers accompanied every American military buildup in the Gulf - a carrier is something one cannot hide - giving Iraq sufficient time to prepare grounds for an "honorable" political retreat.
		Latest data released by Pentagon shows that the extent of damage to the targets attacked during the Operation Desert Fox remains mainly undetermined with only a small fraction of targets attacked is determined to be fully destroyed or heavily damaged.
	www.aeronautics.ru /dfox017.htm (1358 words)

	Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine: Desert Fox: The Third Night, by Major Ross Roberts, U.S. Marine Corps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Operation Desert Fox was designed to weaken Saddam Hussein's power base, believed to be his Republican Guards and weapons of mass destruction.
		The first Desert Fox night strikes were all single cycle, designed that way to keep the element of surprise on our side.
		During Desert Fox, Tomahawk planners worked in the space next to our strike planners, yet we were not able to integrate them into our plans, even though the majority of targets assigned to aircraft were perfect Tomahawk targets.
	www.usni.org /Proceedings/Articles99/PROroberts.htm (3322 words)

	MITI 03/1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The March 1999 report assesses the effectiveness of Operation Desert Fox within the overall context of U.S. policy and examines the diplomatic fallout of the bombing campaign in the Gulf states.
		Desert Fox, the report declares, inflicted only modest damage on Iraqi forces while contributing little to U.S. political and strategic objectives in the Persian Gulf.
		The period after Desert Fox has also witnessed something of a revolution in Saudi foreign policy, as Riyadh has quietly begun to back a change of regime in Iraq.
	www.ifpa.org /printfriendly/publications/miti/miti0399P.htm (459 words)

	8/11/99 Congress Letter to Clinton re: Iraq Policy
		Up to and during Operation Desert Fox, Administration officials expended considerable energy explaining to the international community, Congress, and the American people why it was necessary to use force to compel Saddam to submit to comprehensive international inspections.
		Operation Desert Fox was necessary to compel him to stop obstructing inspections.
		The whole point of Operation Desert Fox was that we could not afford to wait until Saddam reconstituted his WMD capabilities.
	www.nci.org /c/c81199.htm (1513 words)

	The Officers' Club: Iran Ditches the UN...Now What? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Operation Desert Fox was launched with little world opposition, sans the usual suspects (Syria and their ilk), as it was a response to Saddam's refusal to play ball with the UN over weapons of mass destruction.
		Desert Fox, that may have achieved short term goals but in the long term the US military doesn't really want to have to send ground troops into Iran.
		The air operations conducted in Desert Fox had the backing of a UN security council resolution, something that would, at present anyway, be absent.
	officersclub.blogspot.com /2006/01/iran-ditches-unnow-what.html (3732 words)

	2003 invasion of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The information was used in targeting decisions during Operation Desert Fox, a US and UK bombardment of Iraq in December 1998 which was precipitated by lack of cooperation between Iraq and the UN weapon inspections team.
		Farther south, the British 7 Armoured Brigade ('The Desert Rats') fought their way into Iraq's second-largest city, Basra, on 6 April, coming under constant attack by regulars and Fedayeen, while the 3rd Parachute Regiment cleared the 'old quarter' of the city that was inaccessible to vehicles.
		The name "Operation Iraqi Freedom," for example, expresses one viewpoint of the purpose of the invasion, and is almost never used outside the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq (8779 words)

	Operation DESERT FOX: Effectiveness With Unintended Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Noting as well that DESERT FOX was launched to “diminish” Iraq’s ability to threaten its neighbors and the region, Cohen declared that “Saddam’s missile program has been set back by at least a year.” He stated that international sanctions would slow, if not preclude, Iraqi attempts to rebuild the missile-related infrastructure destroyed thus far.
		The operation’s emphasis on targets that were only tangentially related to Iraq’s WMD kept alive in the media throughout the operation and beyond the notion that the “real” goal of DESERT FOX was the decapitation or fatal weakening of the Iraqi regime.
		Yet when DESERT FOX ended a mere 70 hours after it began, Saddam remained firmly in power—minus some of his infrastructure—and the Iraqi dictator could claim to his people and to the world that once again, he had withstood an onslaught from the most powerful form of America’s and the West’s armed might—airpower.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/conversino.html (6911 words)

	Persian Gulf War
		Operation Desert Fox, as it was called, was an international P.R. disaster for the U.S. and Britain, who were widely condemned by the international community for their belligerence.
		The lack of U.N. support for the bombing, the proximity of the attack to Ramadan, and the teaming up of the world's only superpower with the former colonial superpower helped to create the perception that Saddam Hussein was less a venal megalomaniac than a victim.
		The air strikes were incorporated into Operation Northern Watch, a British-U.S. air mission based in Turkey that in 1997 began to monitor the northern no-fly zone.
	www.factmonster.com /spot/iraq1.html (526 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		It is curious that such a message was disseminated since we know that Operation Desert Fox was a direct result of non-cooperation with weapons inspections, and had nothing to do with a possible threat to Kuwait.
		Because one of the leaflets had the same Iraqi symbol on the back as some of the Desert Fox leaflets, my original assumption was that they were prepared for that campaign but never disseminated.
		When I asked, I was told that they were, in fact, non-disseminated Desert Fox leaflets.
	www.psywarrior.com /DesertFoxHerb.html (2309 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		Throughout the combined joint operation, Clinton administration officials emphasized that the air strikes were a continuation of the U.S. policy toward Iraq: to contain Saddam Hussein's WMD program and to keep Iraq from attacking its neighbors.
		Berger emphasized that Desert Fox was not aimed at dislodging Saddam from power, saying that that is not a military objective that could plausibly be achieved through the use of air power.
		Doubleday said that Iraq's goal is to end the constraints imposed by the United Nations since Operation Desert Storm in 1991, including the no-fly zones, economic sanctions, and weapons inspections.
	www.navyleague.org /seapower/operation_desert_fox.htm (2373 words)

	Operation Desert Fox: A Preliminary Balance Sheet, The Estimate, December 18, 1998
		The US and British attack on Iraq, Operation Desert Fox, began late on December 16, only a day and a half before this issue of The Estimate was due at press.
		Some things are clear however: the general scope and nature of Desert Fox — despite that curious evocation of the ghost of Erwin Rommel — is comparable to the attack which was aborted in November.
		President Clinton’s initial remark that the raid was timed to avoid the beginning of Ramadan was subsequently followed by Pentagon spokesmen and the Secretary of Defense refusing to commit to ending the raids by the first night of Ramadan, but clearly the raids were envisioned as lasting several days rather than several weeks.
	www.theestimate.com /public/121898a.html (1105 words)

	Lessons of Desert Fox - The Boston Globe
		The goal was to degrade and diminish Saddam Hussein's ability to use weapons of mass destruction as well as his conventional military.
		Militarily, Desert Fox appeared to be a smashing success.
		It hit 85 percent of its targets and 74 percent of all strikes were highly effective, according to Pentagon analysts.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2006/02/14/lessons_of_desert_fox (732 words)

	Operation Desert Fox - Air attacks on Iraq
		PRIME MINISTER Tony Blair is reported to be furious at the BBC's reporting from Baghdad during the recent Desert Fox bombing campaign.
		It is reported that the PM was left fuming at the coverage by the Beeb's news team in the Iraqi capital, Jeremy Bowen and Rageh Omaar.
		During Desert Fox the PM's spokesman Alistair Campbell said that every picture from Baghdad "should carry a health warning".
	www.londonnet.co.uk /ln/talk/news/desert_fox.html (1058 words)

	Gulf War Debriefing Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Desert Fox was the codename for a series of strikes launched a) following the explusion of United Nation's Weapons Inspectors and/or b) in the midst of the impeachment effort of President Clinton.
		Since "Desert Fox" there have been a number of incidents involving Allied aircraft in the "no fly" zones of Iraq, so many that I created a new page detailing those events.
		At the end of the day, the US announced they were ceasing operations in the region, after approximately 600sorties and 400cruise missile attacks.
	www.leyden.com /gulfwar/unscom.html (859 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		At the end of the day, the US announced they were ceasing operations in the region, after approximately 600 sorties and 400 cruise missile attacks.
		Post-strike operations continued as Iraqi aircraft rose to challenge the American and British air patrols in both the northern and southern no-fly zones, and continued until the beginning of NATO strikes in Kosovo, during March 1999.
		During the Desert Fox operations the RAF Tornadoes flew 32 medium-altitude sorties against pinpoint targets using 1,000lb Paveway II and 200lb Mk13/18 Paveway III laser-guided bombs.
	www.britains-smallwars.com /gulf/DesertFox.html (900 words)

	U.S. Navy - Around the Fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Arabian Gulf, Dec. 19, 1998 — USS Stout (DDG 55) launches a Tomahawk cruise missile to a target in Iraq during Operation Desert Fox.
		Enterprise is deployed to the Arabian Gulf in support of Operation Desert Fox.
		The Arabian Gulf, Dec. 19, 1998 — A Tomahawk cruise missile (TLAM) is fired from an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer during the fourth wave of attacks on Iraq in support of Operation Desert Fox.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/news/desertfox/desrtfox4.html (142 words)

	Desert Fox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Long before there was an "Operation Desert Fox", there was Desert Fox the Jeep.
		Created in the early 90's by Code One Custom Auto as a birthday present for Paul Sher Sr., the Desert Fox is a playful tribute to the hardworking army jeeps of yesteryear.
		This vehicle has often been mistaken for a military vehicle and was a particular favorite with the public during Operation Desert Fox.
	www.codeoneauto.com /inventory/fox.html (205 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		This operation, dubbed Desert Fox, was a rapid and intense use of air power that lasted four days (17-20 December 1998), ending on the first day of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim year during which Muslim believers must fast between dawn and dusk.
		As in earlier confrontations between coalition forces and Iraqi military forces in the Persian Gulf, the intent was to show the coalition's resolve to continue to support the UN's monitoring effort.
		Like confrontations in the past, Hussein selected a time when the US and her European allies were busy with preparing for another situation, again in the former republic of Yugoslavia.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/desert_fox.htm (346 words)

	Print Message (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Clinton simply was averse to putting troops on the ground after 1993 Mogadishu, but he fought his wars only from the air, as in 1996 Serbia, and in 1998 Afghanistan, Sudan, and Iraq.
		But Desert Fox was over quickly, and that was the final end of any enforcement, and was generally deemed to have been only marginally effective at the time.
		But recent analysis of WMD concluded in part that Operation Desert Fox had been more effective at destroying stockpiles and capabilities than was earlier believed.
	www.suite101.com /print_message.cfm/investing/93436/928147 (297 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Operation Desert Flop
		The problem was that once again Clinton sent American warriors into danger on a flawed military operation that didn't have a prayer of accomplishing its mission.
		He could be back making germ and chemical weapons of mass destruction in a few months and be up to his old neighbor-menacing tricks within a year.
		Maybe, as was the case during the Vietnam War, the White House and Pentagon are singing off different sheets of music while the Joint Staff generals and admirals are humming their time-honored Go-Along-To-Get-Along backup chorus.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=18415 (766 words)

	Operation Desert Storm
		This largely reflects the gap between the nation's expectations and the war's results – -and the fact that the United States and Iraq have tangled in four substantive armed conflicts and several smaller skirmishes since the ceasefire.
		They certainly damaged Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction program and battered parts of his military, but few in the U.S. government believe the damage is more than a temporary inconvenience.
		The wrangling over air power's efficacy,begun nearly a century ago and reignited by Operation Desert Fox in December, seems likely to continue for at least another generation.
	www.thomasin.com /bte2/gulf/articles/article1.html (882 words)

	Operation Desert Fox
		Yet, a closer look at the history of the Iraqi terrorist threat against the U.S. and the coalition countries during the 1991 Gulf War shows that the international infrastructure and the operational capabilities at the disposal of the Iraqi regime are not significant.
		According to the same report, “although many of the Palestinian groups threatened to conduct terrorist operations against the international coalition opposing Baghdad's invasion of Kuwait, few such attacks actually occurred.” Most incidents recorded during the Persian Gulf war were bombing attacks against commercial property belonging to coalition countries’ firms, mostly outside the Middle East region.
		While the Persian Gulf war clearly was a factor in the large number of attacks in early 1991, 116 international incidents occurred after the end of Operation Desert Storm.
	www.ict.org.il /articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=61 (1412 words)

	History News Network
		I don’t believe he did and I think it unlikely that any aerial bombardment operation would or could be counted on to eliminate a WMD weapons program.
		One needs only to examine the statements of support for Operation Desert Fox by Democratic leaders to see the starkness of the hypocrisy.
		If you believe, as most do, that Clinton’s Operation Desert Fox was justified by the existence of WMD programs that Clinton GUARANTEED us existed, then you must agree that these programs flourished under a UN inspection regimen that was much stricter than anything that Saddam had agreed to in 2002.
	hnn.us /comments/25891.html (707 words)

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