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	Operation Frankton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During World War II, Operation Frankton was a British Combined Operations raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour, France in December, 1942, by 12 men of the Boom Patrol Detachment, Royal Navy, in two-man Cockle MK II kayaks.
		A fictionalised version of the story was later told in the film The Cockleshell Heroes.
		French authorities have named the overland escape route used by Blondie Hasler and Bill Sparks, which included crossing the Pyrenees (the mountain range between France and Spain}, the Frankton Trail which is now a tourist attraction for hikers
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Frankton (466 words)

	Introduction to Operation Frankton
		During this stressful period Winston Churchill established Combined Operations, an all arms headquarters tasked with studying every imaginable means, big or small, of striking at Germany, and with the authority to initiate and conduct offensive operations.
		Operation FRANKTON was drafted by the operational planning staff of Combined Operations, and kept on file.
		Arrangements had to be made for the use of a submarine from which to launch the canoes and the operation, tides had to be studied in great detail, and the training of the men in canoe work, navigation and in the planting of limpet mines had to continue.
	www.royalmarinesregimental.co.uk /histcockintro.html (1206 words)

	[No title]
		Several operations had been carried out on the German-occupied coasts of Norway and France, but they were generally not as successful as those in the Med, due to sea conditions and coastal defences.
		The first operation was by S Detachment, a raid by several four -man teams, one led by Anders Lassen, on German airfields in Crete.
		Among their operations were the damaging of the Tirpitz in November 1943, in Trondheim fjord, Norway, and the sinking of Japanese ships at Singapore in July 1945.
	www.specialoperations.com /History/WWII/Cockleshell.htm (6105 words)

	Operation Frankton: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		operation begonia was the airborne counterpart to the amphibious operation jonquil,...)
		operation biting was a combined operations raid to capture components of a german wuerzburg...)
		Operation Canuck (Operation canuck was an operation of world war ii conducted by the canadian captain buck mcdonald and a small...)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/operation_frankton (1621 words)

	Commando operations in Europe (June 23, 1940 ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Defeated on the continent and isolated against Germany, its inferiority on land and in the air was blatant.
		Like most commando operations, the one in the Lofoten inflicted only limited direct damages, but the psychological outcome was out of proportion with the means committed.
		NB: the attack against Bordeaux in September of 1942 (Operation Frankton) is not really a commando operation but an attack of the ships in the harbour with explosive conoes.
	users.swing.be /navbat/cartes/52.html (466 words)

	BBC Homeground
		WW II Operation Frankton was immortalised by the film, The Cockleshell Heroes.
		Unknown to the man who masterminded Combined Operations, Lord Mountbatten, the cloak-and-dagger Special Operations Executive was also planning to attack the docks at the same time, and had men actually on the quayside in Bordeaux when the Cockleshell Heroes' bombs went off.
		Once Operation Frankton was over, a new coordinating officer was appointed to prevent such confusion in future.
	www.bbc.co.uk /homeground/archive/2004/frankton.shtml (895 words)

	Printer Friendly Format - This Is Local London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Their heroics during Operation Frankton were immortalised in the film The Cockleshell Heroes starring Jose Ferrer and Trevor Howard.
		Under the operation planned by Admiral Mountbatten's Combined Operations command, the men were to paddle into the Gironde estuary in six two-man kayaks then travel 85 miles up river to Bordeaux travelling by night and lying up on shore by day.
		The daredevil mission started badly and only half the team made it to the estuary while two marines drowned, two made it back to the Tuna and two made it ashore but were betrayed, captured and finally shot by the Germans.
	www.thisislocallondon.co.uk /misc/print.php?artid=277550 (1017 words)

	Cockleshell Heroes Home page
		Roger and Sandra Downton's recreation of Operation Frankton is a gripping adventure.
		The mission was called Operation Frankton and the men involved became known as the legendary Cockleshell Heroes.
		This absorbing account of Roger and Sandra's research, oddball training programme, adaptation of more ‘economic equipment' and clothing, and their quest to raise sponsorship are all lightheartedly explained and delicately interwoven together with the gripping story of the original men of Operation Frankton.
	www.cockleshellheroes.co.uk (427 words)

	The Cockleshell Heroes of 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The task of the Cockleshell Heroes was simple – destroy as many ships in the harbour as was possible so that the harbour itself would be blocked with wreckage, thus rendering it incapable of fully operating as a harbour.
		These men got their nickname as the canoes they were to use were called ‘cockleshells’.
		In fact the Chief of Combined Operations, Lord Louis Mountbatten, had assumed all the men were dead, so anyone claiming to be them would have been treated with suspicion.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /cockleshell_heroes_of_1942.htm (835 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - News - Commando hero returns to France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This year marks the 60th anniversary of Operation Frankton – the Cockleshell Heroes –; in which ten Royal Marines Commandos carried out a daring raid on German shipping in Bordeaux.
		Two of the commandos drowned, and another six were captured by the Germans and executed, despite the fact they were wearing uniforms with badges of rank.
		The 82-year-old British veteran noted that the weather in 2002 was rather different to that during Operation Frankton, when it was cold and rained almost continuously.
	www.navynews.co.uk /articles/2002/0207/0002072402.asp (361 words)

	Gironde estuary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gironde is subject to very strong tidal currents and great care is needed when navigating the river by any size or type of boat.
		The Gironde was the setting for Operation Frankton, a British special forces operation during World War II tasked with the objective of destroying shipping moored at the docks in Bordeaux.
		This page was last modified 08:35, 3 May 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gironde_River (152 words)

	Operation Frankton
		The account of this operation brings out the spirit of adventure always present in peace and war among Royal Marines.
		Major HG "Blondie" Hasler Royal Marines was at this time serving in the Combined Operations organisation, the head of which was Lord Mountbatten.
		HRH The Duke of York, Countess Mountbatten8, and the Commander, 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines, Brigadier JB Dutton CBE ADC, also attended, and a fine memorial to the raid was unveiled on the quayside in Bordeaux where the German ships were attacked9.
	www.royalmarinesregimental.co.uk /histcockmain.html (1713 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - News - Last Cockleshell Hero dies
		A dozen commandos were put ashore from the submarine HMS Tuna some ten miles off the French coast, two men to a canoe or ‘cockleshell’.
		One of the inflatable boats was damaged as it was prepared for launch, leaving ten of the mundane-sounding Boom Patrol Detachment to face the freezing waters, dangerous tides and currents, and the German defence forces.
		In June of this year Sparks returned to France with a Royal Marines party to launch the Frankton Trail, an official long-distance footpath or Grande Randonnee which followed the route of Sparks and Hasler from Blaye, on the Gironde to Ruffec.
	www.navynews.co.uk /articles/2002/0212/0002120902.asp (557 words)

	Casemate Publishers and Book Distributors, L.L.C. - : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In this gripping book, he describes not only his part in Operation FRANKTON, the daring Gironde raid, and his escape back to Britain, but how he fought with the Greek Sacred Squadron thereafter.
		Operating in small groups they raided and liberated islands in the Aegean Sea.
		After the war, bored with life as a bus driver, he joined the Malayan Police and saw action aplenty during the Emergency.
	www.casematepublishing.com /cgi/titleinfo.pl?sku=0850529298 (119 words)

	Operation Frankton: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The updated page can be found at: operation frankton
		French authorities have named the overland escape route used by Blondie Hasler (Blondie Hasler: more facts about this subject) and Bill Sparks (Bill Sparks: royal marine bill sparks dsm (september 5 1922 - december 1 2002)...
		[follow hyperlink for more...]), which included crossing the Pyrenees (Pyrenees: A chain of mountains between France and Spain) (the mountain range between France and Spain}, the Frankton Trail which is now a tourist attraction for hikers.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/operation_frankton (531 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> fy:1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		November 21 - The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (the "highway" was not usable by general vehicles until 1943, however).
		November 22 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded.
		December 7 - British commandos conduct Operation Frankton a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/fy:1942 (3513 words)

	ab-con1
		OPERATION 'JERICHO' - THE AMIENS RAID - The Fliers, The Resistance, The Raid led by Wing Commander Charles Pickard as told by John Reed.
		TELEMARK RE-CREATED - Operation 'Freshman' - The Norwegian raid on the heavy water installation at the Norsk Hydro Electrisk plant at Vermork told by Lieutenant Colonel Ivar Hellberg including the Re-enactment of the 'Heavy Water' raid forty years later by members of the 3rd Commando Brigade, Royal Marines.
		Operation 'Market-Garden' - The Odyssey of Private Bachenheimer - Frank van Lunteren and Karel Margry investigate the wartime career of a Paratrooper of the 504th Parachute Infantry up to his death in t'Harde in Holland in October 1944.
	www.afterthebattle.com /ab-con1.html (15067 words)

	E2K 14 - News and items of interest
		Bill Sparkes was one of two survivors of Operation Frankton mounted in December 1942 against German shipping in the Gironde area near Bordeax, France.
		This gallant attack called for ten commandos to be disembarked from a submarine, HMS Tuna, in the mouth of the Gironde, paddle downriver 91 miles and carry out a limpet mine attack against enemy shipping.
		Those targeted appear to be the Russian entrepreneurs who operate the businesses that are key to the transformation of Russia's suffering economy into a successful one and the formation of a functioning democracy.
	www.cvni.net /radio/e2k/e2k014/e2k14news.html (2416 words)

	-<( TechSteward )>- » Blog Archive » Cockleshell Heroes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Of the many brave and dashing raids carried out by the men of Combined Operations Command, none was more courageous or imaginative than Operation Frankton.
		An immense amount of trouble was taken over the training of the small handful of picked Royal Marines who took part under the immediate leadership of Lt Col Hasler.
		Inspired by Bill Sparks DSM the last survivor of the Cockleshell Heroes Jack Russell felt compelled to paint this picture, as a lasting tribute, dedicated to the memory of ten gallant men who paddled their Cockle MKI 1 canoes in enemy waters, far up the Gironde river to their targets, in Bordeaux harbour.
	www.techsteward.com /blog/dirk?p=24 (473 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Northamptonshire \| Medal honours 'Cockleshell Hero'
		His brother is accepting a commemorative bronze medallion in honour of his brother's wartime bravery during the ill-fated Operation Frankton.
		Commander-in-Chief Fleet Admiral Sir Jonathon Band is presenting him with the medal at the Northwood Fleet and Nato headquarters in north-west London, on behalf of Frankton Souvenir, the Anglo-French organisation set up to keep the memory of the legendary raid alive.
		Marine Mills was one of 10 Royal Marine commandos assigned to attack enemy German ships moored at the port of Bordeaux.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/northamptonshire/3665621.stm (420 words)

	WW2 Combined Operations
		The Combined Operations Command made a decisive contribution to the outcome of WW2 by thinking and planning offensively, executing daring and imaginative Commando raids, using and developing the latest technology and training hundreds of thousands in amphibious landing techniques in preparation for D-Day and other major landings.
		Combined Operations there would have been no Normandy and yet public awareness of the Command and its achievements is low.
		Out of thousands of war memorials only two mention Combined Operations and even then only in the passing.
	www.combinedops.com (178 words)

	WWII General I
		The physical development, construction and operational history of every airfield is described in detail and are illustrated with wartime and present-day aerial photographs, over 830 photos and illustrations.
		Although the operation resulted in the award of five Medals of Honor - America's highest decoration for bravery - the cost was high: 308 airmen lost their lives and 208 were taken prisoner or interned.
		Whiting accounts of Operation Nordwind, planned by Hitler himself, which hurled eight German divisions, three of them SS, against the thinly held American line in the Alsace-Lorraine region, this action cost nearly as many casualties as the Battle of the Bulge and nearly destroyed the Alliance.
	www.aberdeenbookstore.com /wwii_general_i.htm (14829 words)

	:::► Letter O Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net ◄::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Operation Grapple - Grapple X weapon loading (1).jpg
		Operation Grapple - Grapple X weapon loading (2).jpg
		There you will find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Operation Husky order of battle.
	www.mauspfeil.net /O_205.html (90 words)

	Journal on open sea and coastal kayak paddling - Journal
		The initial market was aimed at the gas industry for wrapping underground pipes - until this time hot applied bitumen and pitch troughing systems were used.
		Being cold applied Denso had distinct operational advantages over the existing systems and sales grew steadily with the product being accepted and used by most of the Public Utilities.
		With the advent of War in 1939 Denso Tape was widely used for gas proofing rooms, waterproofing military vehicles, landing craft and for the repair of bomb damaged services.
	onkayaks.squarespace.com /display/ShowJournal?moduleId=102572&... (4302 words)

	FREE MARKET FAIRY TALES: On This Day ... in 1842 & Others
		Two hours later, they mounted the attack on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
		1942: Ten men from the Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment set out in five canoes from the submarine HMS Tuna off the Gironde, planning to paddle 80 miles up the river to attack German shipping in Bordeaux; Operation Frankton.
		Heavy seas claimed two canoes and their occupants, and a third was swept off course.
	www.fmft.net /archives/000670.html (138 words)

	Royal Naval Philatelic Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		50th Anniversary of Operation Pedestal and the Loss of the Aircraft Carrier HMS EAGLE.
		50th Anniversary of Operation INFATUATE The Amphibious Assault on Walcheren Island.
		50th Anniversary of Operation DEADLIGHT the end of the Iron Coffins.
	www.rnps.org /covers_index/series6.html (325 words)

	Alibris: Ewen,Lieutenant Southby-Tailyour
		The most crucial operation of the Falklands War was the landing of 3 Royal Marine Commando Brigade at San Carlos.
		This was a demanding maneuver, made more difficult by weather and enemy action.
		He designed the canoes which were used in the operation, he recruited and trained the twelve men who made up this most secret team and led them on their daring mission, code name 'Operation Frankton', to attack enemy shipping in Bordeaux.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Southby-Tailyour,Ewen,Lieutenant (302 words)

	Marine Robert Ewart
		Robert Ewart was a Royal Marine Commando and was one of the "Cockleshell Heroes" party of Operation Frankton that was deployed from the submarine Tuna and intended to kayak 60 miles up the Gironde in 1942 to blow up German ships.
		Ewart shared a two-man canoe named Coalfish with a Sergeant S. Wallace.
		If you have any information which may help in his quest you may contact Bob.
	www.ewart.org /People/RMRobert.htm (220 words)

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