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Topic: Operation Gomorrah

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	Bombing of Hamburg in World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Hamburg codenamed Operation Gomorrah was a series of air raids conducted by the Royal Air Force on the city of Hamburg beginning in the end of July 1943.
		The night attack of July 26th at 00:20AM was extremely light (due to a severe thunderstorm and high winds over the North Sea during which a considerable number of bombers jettisoned the explosive part of their bomb loads) with only two bomb drops reported.
		Operation Gomorrah caused at least 50,000 deaths and left over a million German civilians homeless.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Gomorrah (2407 words)

	Second World War Books: Books by Subject
		Operation Autonomous: With the SOE in Wartime Romania.
		Operation Iceberg: Invasion and Conquest of Okinawa in WWII.
		Operational Situation Of The Japanese Navy In The Philippines Invasion Operations, December 1941.
	www.sonic.net /~bstone/bib/bookto.shtml (2869 words)

	Encyclopedia: Operation Gomorrah
		Aerial warfare can be documented back as far as the American Civil War with the use of hot-air and lighter than air gas balloons used for artillery observation and reconnaisance, and exemplified in the extreme by the WW2 German raid on Rotterdam in the Netherlands in May of 1940...
		Sir Arthur Travers Harris, 1st Baronet (April 13, 1892 - April 5, 1984), commonly known as Bomber Harris, and often within the RAF as Butcher Harris[1], was commander of RAF Bomber Command and later a Marshal of the Royal Air Force during the latter half of World War II.
		Firestorm in Hamburg Operation Gomorrah was the military codename for a series of air raids conducted by the Royal Air Force on the city of Hamburg beginning in the end of July 1943.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Operation-Gomorrah (1928 words)

	Europe Western Front D-Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Operation Weserübung (The Invasion of Norway and Denmark)
		Operation Gomorrah, the brainchild of Arthur Harris, involved using both British and American aircraft to concentrate their bombing attacks against one city - the port city of Hamburg for a ten day period.
		The preparations for Operation "Watch on The Rhine" were remarkably well handled considering the terrible condition of Germany and its war machine at this stage of the war.
	www.ww2guide.com /west.shtml (8366 words)

	Surfeited with Dainties - Michael Brendan Dougherty - Morality and Bombing and Op. Gomorah
		Operation Gomorrah sent 728 plans loaded with incendiary bombs to attack the sprawling port...
		Operation Gomorrah is another great fl mark over the Allied war effort in "the good war".
		Gomorrah seems predicted on the notion that there is a "clean" way in which war can be fought.
	www.michaelbrendan.com /blog/morality-and-bombing-and-op-gomorah.html (3837 words)

	1943 - Simple English Wikipedia
		February 28 - OPERATION GUNNERSIDE, 6 Norwegians led by Joachim Ronneberg successfully attack the heavy water plant Vemork.
		July 24 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day.
		July 25 - In Italy the Gran Consiglio del Fascismo retires its consent to Mussolini; Mussolini is arrested and the power is given to Maresciallo d'Italia Gen. Pietro Badoglio.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/1943 (2103 words)

	[9.0] Electronics Warfare Against The Axis (2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Neptun AI operated over a relatively wide range of frequencies and had a maximum range of up to five kilometers (three miles) and a minimum range of a hundred meters (330 feet), but it was too little and too late.
		The German counter-countermeasures required very skilled operators to make good use of them, but the skill level of their operators was never very high on the average, and was degrading as more and more manpower was drained away to the front to hold back defeat.
		Interrogation of Japanese radar operators after the war showed that the effects of Window and Rope were mixed, but the active jamming systems were brutally effective, completely blinding Japanese radars.
	www.vectorsite.net /ttwiz9.html (5070 words)

	British Military Aviation in 1943 -- Part 3
		The 'Battle of Hamburg' (Operation Gomorrah): between these dates, Hamburg is subjected to intense raids by RAF Bomber Command (four attacks) and the 8th United States Army Air Force (USAAF).
		Operations against Berlin are suspended in early September due to difficulties in marking targets within the city.
		Flying Fortresses from the 422nd Bombardment Squadron participate in RAF Bomber Command attacks on a further seven occasions, culminating in a raid on Frankfurt-am-Main on the night of 4/5 October 1943, before the trial is discontinued.
	www.rafmuseum.org.uk /milestones-of-flight/british_military/1943_3.html (766 words)

	Operation Gomorrah -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Operation Gomorrah -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		It was at the time the heaviest assault in the (Click link for more info and facts about history of aerial warfare) history of aerial warfare and was later called the Hiroshima of Germany by British officials.
		A third raid was conducted on the morning of the 26th.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/op/operation_gomorrah.htm (422 words)

	Sir Arthur Harris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It was after the devastating attack on Rostock (like Lübeck, a town with many medieval, half-timbered buildings) that the Germans began using the word Terrorangriff (terror raid) to describe the RAF attacks, and began to evacuate their children to the countryside.
		From July 24 to August 3, 1943, in a series of raids which Harris named "Operation Gomorrah," nearly eight thousand tons of bombs were dropped on the city of Hamburg, half of them being incendiaries.
		By the end of 1944 many German cities had been repeatedly and massively bombed, sometimes by more than a thousand planes in one night, all carrying incendiaries and directed against the residential areas, trying to reproduce the fire-storm of Hamburg.
	www.bible-researcher.com /dresden/harris.html (539 words)

	Chemring - Investor Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Chemring Group PLC is holding two receptions tomorrow to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the first operational use of chaff, the radar deception material code-named 'Window' in WWII.
		Flew 3 of the Operation Gomorrah raids (1, 3&4)
		Flew with the squadron on all four Operation Gomorrah raids on Hamburg, although the operation on the last raid was abandon due to atrocious weather.
	ww7.investorrelations.co.uk /chemring/pressrelease.jsp?r=26 (1355 words)

	[No title]
		This was in Operation Gomorrah, aimed deliberately at destroying the economy and morale of Nazi Germany.
		Compared to the crimes of Churchill and Harris (according to the BBC's new principles), Sharon is as innocent as a new-born babe.
		The real criminals are those at the BBC, and at Panorama, who distort and rewrite Sharon's history thus carrying out the real Operation Gomorrah.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/article/2001/june/uri.htm (700 words)

	1943 in aviation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		April 15 - Operation Flax is put into effect, the systematic targeting by Allied fighter pilots of Luftwaffe transport aircraft bound for North Africa
		June 24-25 - the RAF uses chaff, codenamed "Window", for the first time to foil German radar during the Operation Gomorrah raids on Hamburg.
		July 18 - US Navy airship K-74 is shot down by a German submarine, the only airship lost to enemy fire during World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1943_in_aviation (416 words)

	JCE 2001 (78) 1184 [Sep] The 13th Element by John Emsley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It is tragic to learn that ignorance (or negligence) was often the leading cause for "phossy jaw", a terrible disease that slowly and painfully disintegrated the lower jaw of a match worker.
		In an even more somber mood, Chapter 7 is appropriately named "Gomorrah" and relates the use of phosphorus bombs as incendiaries during World War II.
		Operation Gomorrah (July '43) was the Allies' code name for the bombing of Hamburg, a strategic port where most of the German U-boats were being constructed.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /Journal/Issues/2001/Sep/abs1184_1.html (720 words)

	Ops - N Europe_P
		- Operations carried out by night fighters over enemy territory primarily designed to attack enemy aircraft returning to or on their airfields.
		- The code name given to the airborne element of the operation to seize bridges across the Rhine at Eindhoven, Nimergen and Arnhem in September 1944.
		These operations used 'Window' to simulate a sea convoy crossing the Channel.
	www.rafweb.org /Ops_Europe.htm (1308 words)

	FOR- Fellowship Magazine -The Sixtieth Anniversary of the Bombing of Hamburg
		July 25, 2003 is the sixtieth anniversary of the obliteration bombing of Hamburg, Germany by the Allied Air Forces during World War II.
		With the military code name "Operation Gomorrah," the campaign to destroy Hamburg was part of the strategy to lay waste German cities, including those with no military value, such as refugee-packed Dresden.
		Cathedral (its steeple was Hamburg’s highest point and the aiming position for all the air raids during the carrying out of Operation Gomorrah).
	www.forusa.org /fellowship/july-aug-03/deats.html (734 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		August 17 - World War II: The US 7th Army under General George S. Patton arrive in Messina followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.
		October 13 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
		November 1 - World War II: Operation Goodtime launched - United States Marines invade Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/1/19/1943.html (1675 words)

	Short Fiction by Marione Ingram
		Like other former comrades she might be called upon to support certain acts of resistance, but we didn't know whether she would assist Jews.
		On a clear summer night when I was seven, the Allies launched `Operation Gomorrah,' using the biblical city of sin as a code word for Hamburg.
		But even as they experienced vindictive destruction of a magnitude and intensity unprecedented in history, the 'Aryan folk' of Hamburg could not let go of their indoctrinated hate long enough to share space in their bomb shelters with Jews.
	www.womenwriters.net /creative/ingram.htm (3078 words)

	1943 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		February 22 - Members of White Rose are executed in Nazi Germany.
		March 1 - "Panzer General" Heinz Guderian becomes the Inspector-General of the Armoured Troops for the German Army durinng World War II
		November 25 - World War II: Americanss and Japanese fight the naval Battle of Cape St. George between Buka and New Ireland.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/1/19/1943.html (2015 words)

	Conscientious: Obliteration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In midsummer of 1943, during a long heat wave, the RAF, supported by the United States Eighth Army Air Force, flew a series of raids on Hamburg.
		The aim of Operation Gomorrah, as it was called, was to destroy the city and reduce it to ashes.
		In a raid early in the morning of July 28, beginning at 1am, thousands of tonnes of high-explosive and incendiary bombs were dropped on the densely populated residential area north of the Elbe.
	www.jmcolberg.com /weblog/archives/000134.html (961 words)

	The History Place - This Month in History
		A second, smaller operation was performed on July 17.
		Cleveland was then fitted with a rubber prosthesis which he wore until his death in 1908.
		- During World War II in Europe, the Royal Air Force conducted Operation Gomorrah, raiding Hamburg, while tossing bales of aluminum foil strips overboard to cause German radar screens to see a blizzard of false echoes.
	www.historyplace.com /specials/calendar/july.htm (4182 words)

	Paul H. Haagen, A Hamburg Childhood: The Early Life Of Herbert Bernstein, 13 Duke J. of Comp. & Int'l L. 7 (2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In the wake of the devastation visited by Operation Gomorrah, the Gauleiter for Hamburg, Karl Kaufmann, repeatedly requested that Hitler come to the city to raise the spirits of the people.
		The University had been badly damaged in Operation Gomorrah, and at the end of the war, the main buildings were still unusable.
		Operating under the special powers created under the Enabling Act, the Reich Cabinet promulgated approximately four thousand five hundred laws.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djcil/articles/djcil13p07.htm (17942 words)

	John Clive Ball: Air Photo Evidence
		If, on the other hand, larger-scale disruptions of the soil involving disturbances of the vegetation and the nature of the soil date back only a few months, these changes are very easy to discern on air photos even if these disturbances have been covered up so as to prevent detection on ground level.
		If Czech's statements regarding the opening of mass graves in September 1942 are correct, it seems quite plausible that from this time on until the new crematoria were put into operation in spring/summer 1943, there were indeed open-air funeral-pyre cremations of old, partially decomposed corpses.
		We may hope that the release of Soviet air photos dating from the time the camps were in operation will shed further light on these issues.
	www.vho.org /GB/Books/dth/fndaerial.html (5324 words)

	[No title]
		February 18 - The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.
		February 28 - OPERATION GUNNERSIDE, 6 Norwegians led by Joachim Ronneberg successfully attack the heavy water plant
		Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/1943 (1538 words)

	New World Disorder Magazine: Nothing Natural /// Black Planet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In as much as civilization operates, therefore, it grows to be progressively more sclerotic and pyramidalized; ceremony, conduct, codes, all solidified against the discharge of unbearable power that would follow from the corrosion of the energy reserve - which is pushed further and further upstream, cleansed.
		The other example is from psychoanalytic experience - the male fear of the mother's body, her genitals: the "unheimlich" is what was once "heimlich", the prefix is the sign of repression.
		During operation Gomorrah, the raid on Hamburg that started at 01:00 on July 1943, 10,000 tons of explosive and incendiary bombs were dropped.
	www.newworlddisorder.ca /issuetwo/articles/gargett.html (9339 words)

	FT May 2003: Books in Review: On the Natural History of Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In the summer of 1943, the British Royal Air Force (with support from the Eighth Army Air Force of the United States) flew a series of raids on Hamburg, Germany.
		Dubbed “Operation Gomorrah,” the bombing missions did not target factories or fuel installations, railway junctions or transportation arteries.
		Their aim, in the words of acclaimed German novelist and essayist W. Sebald, “was to destroy the city and reduce it as completely as possible to ashes.”
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0305/reviews/linker.html (1354 words)

	Astonished Head (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Since Operation Enduring Freedom, we have solid evidence of the presence in Iraq of Al Qaeda members, including some that have been in Baghdad.
		And yet, there are those who reject not only the spiritual meaning of the month, but also the cultural meaning, emphatically, with bombs and with the shed blood of their fellow Muslims.
		Remember, these attacks were suicide attacks--"martyrdom operations." This means that, somewhere, there is a mullah or religious teacher who said to these men, "Yes, it is Ramadan, when Allah first revealed the Koran to the Prophet, peace be upon him.
	www.astonishedhead.com /archives/cat_middle_east.htm (13878 words)

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