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Topic: Operation Just Cause

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Operation Just Cause (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the invasion of Panama by armed forces of the United States that deposed general and de facto military leader Manuel Noriega in December 1989, during the administration of U.S. President George H. Bush.
		Operation Just Cause was the U.S. military invasion of Panama that deposed Manuel Noriega in December 1989, during the administration of U.S. President George H. Bush.
		Just Cause was planned under the name Blue Spoon, and the invasion itself incorporated elements of the Operation Nifty Package and Operation Acid Gambit plans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Operation-Just-Cause (502 words)

	Operation Just Cause
		The operation was conducted as a campaign with limited military objectives.
		Operation JUST CAUSE was unique in the history of U.S. warfare for many reasons.
		Impressed by the smooth execution of JUST CAUSE, General Stiner later claimed that the operation was relatively error free, confining the Air-and Battle doctrine and validating the strategic direction of the military.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/just_cause.htm (1369 words)

	Operation Just Cause - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The operation involved 27,684 U.S. troops and over 300 aircraft —including the AC-130 aerial gunship, OA-37B observation and attack aircraft, and the F-117A stealth aircraft and AH-64 Apache helicopter which were both used for the first time in combat.
		The operation began with an assault of strategic installations such as the civilian Punta Paitilla Airport in Panama City, a PDF garrison and airfield at Rio Hato, where Noriega also maintained a residence, and other military command centers throughout the country.
		Operation Nifty Package – operation to apprehend Manuel Noriega during Operation Just Cause.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Just_Cause (2948 words)

	Studying the Anatomy
		Impressed by the smooth execution of JUST CAUSE, General Stiner later claimed that the operation was relatively error free, confining the Air‑and Battle doctrine and validating the strategic direction of the military.
		Before delving into the operational and tactical aspects of Operation JUST CAUSE, the instructors discussed the historical and strategic importance of the Panama Canal and the events leading up to President Bush's decision to invade the country.
		The former assistant division commander for maneuver in the 82d Airborne Division during JUST CAUSE, Kinzer addressed several pertinent issues regarding command and control and the conduct of contingency operations with the staff ride participants.
	www.cs.amedd.army.mil /history/srdocs/D-16.htm (1913 words)

	Operation just cause - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Start the Operation just cause article or add a request for it.
		Look for "Operation just cause" in the Wikimedia Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/operation_just_cause (188 words)

	Panama - Operation Just Cause
		It is unfortunate that this is what most Americans remember of PSYOP in Panama because in actuality, the role played by PSYOP in Operation Just Cause far outweighed the music playing outside the Vatican Embassy which was highlighted by the press.
		The Commander for the 1st Psychological Operations Battalion, the battalion with area responsibility for Panama, was designated Commander of the PSYOP Task Force in the event hostilities should arise.
		Just as it was important for President Bush to explain to the American people the reason for US intervention in Panama, informing the local population of the US military intent in Panama was crucial in order to obtain their support.
	www.psywarrior.com /panama.html (1732 words)

	Operation Just Cause - InformationBlast
		Operation Just Cause was the U.S. military invasion of Panama which deposed Manuel Noriega in December 1989; during the administration of U.S. President George H. Bush.
		At the time, U.S. military operations were given randomly-generated names; “Blue Spoon” was changed to “Just Cause” for aesthetic reasons.
		This could be attributed to numerous other causes unrelated to its political environment post-Noriega, including the debt crisis of Mexico in 1994-1995, severe recession in Latin America throughout the 1990s, and the Asian financial crisis.
	www.informationblast.com /Operation_Just_Cause.html (646 words)

	Operation Just Cause
		The FARPs consisted of 12-foot platforms with HE-rocket and minigun ammunition, parts and replacements for the miniguns, and fuel and refueling pumps, hoses, etc. The FARP dropped at Rio Hato landed in a marsh and was not able to be used.
		A key mission during JUST CAUSE was a rescue operation at Modelo Prison adjacent to the Comandancia.) MH-6s from the 160th, escorted by AH-6s also from the 160th, were called upon to perform the rooftop assault on the prison.
		Operation JUST CAUSE proved the 160th’s ability to conduct complicated night and sustained combat operations as a unit against a determined enemy.
	www.nightstalkers.com /history/6.html (1117 words)

	Operation_Just_Cause (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Image:Operation Just Cause Rangers 3rd sqd la comadancia small.jpgthumb300pxU.S. Army Rangers prepare to take ''La Comandancia'' in the ''El Chorrillo'' neighborhood of Panama City, December 1989.
		The operation began with an assault of strategic installations such as the civilian Punta Paitilla Airport in Panama City and military command centers throughout the country.
		It has been reported that the invasion was derisively referred to as "Operation Just Because" by skeptics inside The Pentagon [http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml%3Fi=20041108&s=acockburn].
	goc.subdomain.de /Operation_Just_Cause (2509 words)

	PANAMA:
		The lessons that emerged from this operation (as well as from the Somalia action) were to significantly influence the planning of the operation in Haiti.
		Operation Just Cause was the culmination of a 2?-year effort to remove General Manual Noriega, Commander of the Panama Defense Force (PDF) and de-facto ruler, from power after his indictment in the United States on drug-trafficking charges.
		In this case, the deployment gap consisted of the period between the disintegration of the PDF as a result of the Just Cause intervention and the arrival of sufficient military police, Civil Affairs, and regular infantry troops to quell looting and lawlessness in major urban areas of Panama.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/books/books%20-%201998/Policing%20the%20New%20World%20Disorder%20-%20May%2098/chapter2.html (7590 words)

	Operation Just Cause (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Operation Just Cause was the U.S. military invasion of Panama which deposed Manuel Noriega in December 1989, duringthe administration of U.S. President George H. Bush.
		The name"Just Cause" has been used primarily by the United States military for planning and historical purposes and by otherU.S. entities such as the State Department.
		In recent years, the naming of U.S. military operations has been the source of some controversy, both internationally anddomestically (see Operation Enduring Freedom).At the time operations to depose Noriega were being planned, U.S. military operations were given randomly-generated names.
	www.therfcc.org /operation-just-cause-19666.html (660 words)

	U.S. PSYOP IN PANAMA (OPERATION JUST CAUSE)
		The canal was the fastest water passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during wartime and considered crucial to the defense of the hemisphere.
		Among the missions was defense of the Canal Zone, evacuation of civilians, and the destruction or neutralization of the Panamanian Defense Forces.
		He said that his battalion was given the mission by 4th Psychological Operations Group to be the tasking contingency planning support for the PSYOP group to the 18th Airborne Corps.
	www.psywarrior.com /PanamaHerb.html (4836 words)

	Operation Just Cause (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The name " Just Cause " has been used primarily by the States military for planning and historical purposes by other U.S. entities such as the State Department.
		Operation Just Cause (http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/dd/dd-c05-s05.html) - an excerpt from Deterring Democracy by Noam Chomsky.
		Operation Just Cause : the planning and execution of joint operations in Panama, February 1988-January 1990 (SuDoc D 5.2:P 19)
	www.freeglossary.com /Invasion_of_Panama (1059 words)

	Panama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Much of Panama's domestic politics and international diplomacy in the 20th century was tied to the Panama Canal and the foreign policy of the United States.
		In November 1903, a small number of wealthy Panamanian landowners led by a covert Separatist Junta presided by Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, were engaged to secede from Colombia by the United States.
		Allegedly, the death of an unarmed U.S. soldier in plain clothes in Panama at a Panamanian Defence Forces roadblock was one of the precipitating causes for the invasion along with drug trafficking charges and Noriega's refusal to hand over power after being defeated in elections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panama (1772 words)

	El Salvador, 1980-1992
		Most of the operations undertaken by Ouragans and new A-37s had a character of harassment, but at least the rebels could be brought under some pressure.
		The aircraft is believed to have operated from Honduras and was allegedly engaged in chasing an aircraft bringing in arms from Nicaragua.
		This time the increased number of aircraft did not result in a rapid increase of operational tempo, then the rate of attrition remained high and new aircraft were mainly needed as replacements — especially as the situation with spare parts could not be improved, and the FAS was still experiencing a lack of competent technicians.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_158.shtml (8054 words)

	Evisum.com The Educational Vortal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Panama - Operation Just Cause - Discussion of the history and operation by Anthony Gray and Maxwell Manwaring.
		The Panama Deception - Anti operation film - The Panama Deception documents the untold story of the December 1989 U.S. Invasion of Panama; the events which led to it, the excessive force used, the enormity of the death and destruction, and the devastating aftermath.
		Operation Just Cause - Historical Resources Branch US Army Center of Military History; the files contained in this directory represent raw data compiled during the course of the operation.
	search.evisum.com /dir.cgi?dir=212261 (270 words)

	Operation Just Cause - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Following nearly a year of tension between the United States and Panama and several of months of U.S. troop buildup in military bases within the canal zone, twenty-four thousand U.S. troops and over three hundred aircraft were deployed against the sixteen thousand members of the Panama Defense Force.
		Operation Just Cause: Lessons Learned – Volume I, II & III (Bulletin No. 90-9).
		Operation Just Cause - an excerpt from Deterring Democracy, by Noam Chomsky.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/Operation_Just_Cause (600 words)

	rame.net : amri : reviews : operation just cooze 2
		In addition to the reference to "Just Cause", the tagline for the film proclaims that there is "No Osama-drama here, just good old-fashion fucking - American style!" Byron even goes so far as to dedicate the film to the men and women who are fighting overseas to protect our freedom.
		In "Operation Just Cooze 2: Cuttin' Daisies", Tom Byron and his friend (Lee Stone) reveal their erotic adventures with five young starlets of porndom.
		Just as Lee comes to his climax, the next girl in our series accidentally wanders on to the set.
	www.rame.net /reviews/misc/4905.html (778 words)

	Panama, 1989; Operation "Just Cause"
		For the operation against Noriega’s regime — which was to become known as "Just Cause" — the US Army and the Special Operations Command of the USAF have created several task forces (TF).
		In total, during the first 24 hours of "Just Cause" the US troops secured all their initial targets, and in the following days they were foremost busy establishing law and order.
		In total, the USA suffered a loss of 23 troops during the operation "Just Cause"; the PDF and other elements of the Panamese military and security apparatus lost 202 soldiers, the whole heavy equipment, and most of aircraft and elicopters.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_160.shtml (3594 words)

	Operation Just Cause - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		''Just Cause'' D-Day and H-Hour was December_20, 1989, 0100 local time.
		Following nearly a year of tension between the United States and Panama and several of months of U.S. troop buildup in military bases within the canal zone, twenty-four thousand U.S. troops and over three hundred aircraft were deployed against the sixteen thousand members of the Panama_Defense_Force.
		This of course can be attributed to numerous other causes unrelated to its political environment post-Noriega: The debt crisis in Mexico in 1994-1995, severe recession in Latin America throught the 90's, the Asian crisis etc.
	www.indexsuche.com /Operation_Just_Cause.html (661 words)

	Christianity & The New World Order - MysticWicks Online Pagan Community and Pagan Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The head of Operation Blessing was Captain Robert Warren, who was also formerly associated with a CIA group called "Operation Phoenix." Allegedly this was an assassination group that operated in Vietnam.
		North was associated with operation Phoenix, which was an assassination group operating widely in the 1970s, and it was responsible for the death of thousands of Vietnamese civilians.
		Operation Phoenix was an assassination organization that was responsible for the death of many thousands of Vietnamese civilians.(1), Chief of Staff of the U.N. Command in Korea, forced to retire under Jimmy Carter.(1) He founded the U.S. Council of World Freedom, which is very tightly associated with Rev. Moon's World Anti-Communist League.
	www.mysticwicks.com /showthread.php?t=27167 (14995 words)

	Operation Just Cause - 1989 U.S. Invasion of Panama - book reviews
		The U.S. Invasion of Panama : The Truth Behind Operation Just Cause, by Jane Franklin
		The code name for the rescue mission was Operation Just Cause.
		CIA interviews with contacts and satellite surveillance were used to determine the layout of the prison.
	www.crimsonbird.com /history/justcause.htm (387 words)

	Operation Just Cause - Pictures of Panama and the Canal Zone
		The days, months, and years before the invasion (Just Cause) were very tense ones.
		I ran to the living room where Tino had fallen asleep in front of the T.V. He was just awakening to the noises.
		He went out, asked a neighbor what was happening, he went inside and said to his mother, “It’s an invasion,” and right there she grabbed her chest and fell over dead.
	www.chagres.com /just_cause-1.htm (6038 words)

	Operation Just Cause Combat Medic Site
		Just after midnight on December 20, 1989 the U.S. launched a massive attack on the Republic of Panama or, more correctly, on their dictator General Manuel Noriega and the Panamanian Defense Force.
		The U.S. responded in a dramatic fashion and achieved all of their objectives, including the capture of Noriega who was later indicted and convicted in Florida on drug trafficking charges.
		It was a complex operation involving Airborne and Air Assault troops from the States linking up in the darkness with on the ground Armored, Light Infantry and Special Ops units.
	www.combatmedic.freeservers.com (290 words)

	F-117A: Operation Just Cause (Panama)
		The US government decided that a military invasion of Panama was needed to remove Manuel Noriega from power under the name Operation JUST CAUSE.
		The two aircraft in the lead cell were targeted to attack an army base at Rio Hato, 65 miles southwest of Panama City.
		Their target was a large, open field beside barracks housing two companies of troops belonging to Battalion 2000, an elite unit known to be fiercely loyal to Noriega.
	www.f-117a.com /Panama.html (714 words)

	Online Bookshelves: Operation JUST CAUSE
		The files are supplemental in nature, and were not intended to replace the official operational records generated by the participating units.
		Staff journals, commonly called TOC (Tactical Operations Center) logs, are normally handwritten records of when radio and message communications were received; the actual communications are attached as journal files.
		These documents are intended to keep higher headquarters informed about the status of the operation, events which have taken place since the last report, and future plans.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/online/Bookshelves/jc.htm (769 words)

	ipedia.com: Operation Just Cause Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Operation Just Cause Conflict Tension between the U.S. government and the Noriega government.
		The attack touched off several fires one of which destroyed much of the Chorillo neighborhood, adjacent to the headquarters of the Panamanian Defense Forces, located in downtown Panama City.
		Military operations continued for several days targeting decentralized resistance by isolated PDF units, attempting to restore law and order and searching for Noriega.
	www.ipedia.com /operation_just_cause.html (852 words)

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