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Topic: Operation Matterhorn

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China Burma India Theater of World War II

Bombing of Tokyo in World War II

	Operation Matterhorn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Matterhorn was a military operations plan of the United States Army Air Forces in World War II for the strategic bombing of Japan by B-29's forward-based in China.
		The key development for the bombing of Japan was the B-29, which had an operational range of 1500 miles (2,400 km); almost 90% of the bombs dropped on the home islands of Japan were delivered by this type of bomber (147,000 tons).
		In this respect the situation of the Twentieth Air Force was similar to that in the European Theater of Operations between the Eighth Air Force and SHAEF following the move of Gen. Eisenhower to London in December, 1943.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Matterhorn (740 words)

	Operation Barbarossa
		Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the German codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, which commenced on June 22, 1941.
		It was to be the turning point for the fortunes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, in that the failure of Operation Barbarossa arguably resulted in the eventual overall defeat of Nazi Germany.
		It is often proposed that the fatal design flaw of the operation was the postponement from the original date of May 15 because Hitler wanted to intervene against an anti-German overthrow in Yugoslavia, and British advances against Mussolini's Italy in Greece.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1761.html (2287 words)

	Operation Matterhorn
		The operational vehicle was to be the 58th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) of the XX Bomber Command.
		The primary flaw in the Operation Matterhorn plan was the fact that all the supplies of fuel, bombs, and spares needed to support the forward bases in China had to be flown in from India over the Hump, since Japanese control of the seas around the Chinese coast made seaborne supply of China impossible.
		Nevertheless, the Matterhorn operation provided valuable experience for the B-29 operations that were to be mounted from the far more convenient bases in the Marianas.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher2/b29_9.html (4942 words)

	War in the Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the future, both the bombardier and radar operator would control the bombing run, so that whoever had sight of the target at the critical moment in the bomb run could release the bombs.
		This would be the final phase of Operation DOWNFALL as the Allies made another amphibious landing with even more ships and aircraft supporting the armies as they forced their way across Honshu and on to seize Tokyo itself.
		The fleet covering the Okinawa operation was itself attacked by at least 2,000 Kamikaze (pilots who would fly bomb laden aircraft directly into ships) resulting in 475 direct hits or damaging near misses on US naval vessels.
	www.ww2guide.com /pacific.shtml (6185 words)

	Operation Downfall: The Planned Assault on Japan
		Operation Downfall would have involved hundreds of ships, thousands of planes and hundreds of thousands of troops in the largest amphibious assault in history, easily dwarfing the D-Day landings (Operation Overlord) of June 1944.
		This was the largest joint operation in the Pacific and because the terrain on Okinawa strongly resembled that of Kyushu, it provides the best indicator as to how the battle for Kyushu might have gone, had it been executed in November 1945.
		The Naval Operating Base, Okinawa was established at Baten Ko on the southern end of Buckner Bay (the renamed Nakagusuku Wan) to control the port facilities at Naha, Chimu Wan, Nago Wan and Katchin Hanto.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/wars_downfall1.html (7742 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Aviation History \| World War II: Operation Matterhorn
		Three issues were central to planning bomber operations out of China: command and control of the B-29s once they were deployed overseas, resupply and maintenance support for a large bomber force, and construction of bases for combat operations.
		Even though the Joint Chiefs were skeptical about the value of staging any B-29 operations out of China, Stilwell's recommendations were reluctantly approved, and the Chengdu area, 175 miles west of Chunking, was selected as the site for the forward bases.
		The plan as approved would be dubbed "Matterhorn," the Allied code name for the strategic air offensive against Japan.
	historynet.com /ahi/bloperationmatterhorn (1322 words)

	ooBdoo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Though the Wright R-3350 would later become a trustworthy workhorse in large piston-engined aircraft, early models were beset with dangerous reliability problems, many caused by demands that the B-29 be put in operation as soon as possible.
		The initial plan, implemented at the direction of President Roosevelt as a promise to China and called Operation Matterhorn, was to use B-29s to attack Japan from four forward bases in southern China, with five main bases in India, and to attack other targets in the region from China and India as needed.
		The Chengdu region was eventually chosen over the Guilin region to avoid having to raise, equip, and train fifty Chinese divisions to protect the advanced bases from Japanese ground attack.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=B-29 (3354 words)

	Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It consists of 3 separate battles in the Chinese provinces of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, which were the Battle of Central Henan, the Battle of Changheng, and the Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou respectively.
		The first phase was to secure the Pinghan Railway between Beijing and Wuhan; the second phase was to eliminate US air forces stationed in Hunan province and to reach the city of Liuzhou, near the border with Japanese-held Indochina.
		The failure to hold onto the coastal airfields led to a loss of confidence in the American General Joseph Stilwell by Chiang Kai-Shek and Stilwell was recalled to the United States in October 1944 by President Roosevelt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Ichigo (638 words)

	Kel-Lac Uniforms, Inc. :: Footwear :: MATTERHORN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Matterhorn is aware of the enormous demand for comfort and reliability in the professional industry.
		Matterhorn continues to offer footwear to meet and exceed safety requirements while keeping your feet dry and comfortable all day long.
		Matterhorn's patented technologies and constructions are proven to extend the life of your boots.
	www.kellac.com /xcart/home.php?cat=333 (155 words)

	Boeing B-29 Superfortress -- Chapter 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The bombers would operate out of bases in the USA and be able to hit any future enemy at long ranges to keep war well away from America's shores.
		In 1940, the War Department's contingency plan was changed to use 24 B-29/B-32 bomber groups to bomb Germany from bases in the United Kingdom and North Africa in case of war.
		The primary flaw in the Operation Matterhorn plan was the fact that all the suplies of fuel, bombs and spares needed to support the forward bases in China had to be flown in from India over the Hump, since Japanese control of the seas around the Chinese coast made seaborne supply of China impossible.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/baugher_us/b029-09.html (4984 words)

	Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany vacation package including Rhine river cruise
		The Tour Operator shall be responsible for supplying the services and accommodations as outlined in this brochure, except to the extent that such services and accommodations cannot be supplied due to delays or other causes beyond its control, in which case the operator will use its best efforts to supply comparable services and accommodations.
		The tour member waives any claim against the Tour Operator for any damage to or loss of property or injury or death of persons due to any act of negligence of any hotels, or any other persons rendering any of the services or accommodations included in the ground portion of the itinerary.
		The Tour Operator shall not be responsible for any delays, substitution of equipment or any act of omission whatsoever by the carrier, its agents, servants and employees, and tour member hereby waives any claim arising therefrom.
	www.matterhorntravel.com /oktoberfest_weekend_2005.htm (1250 words)

	HyperWar: Strategic Air War...Germany & Japan [Chapter 1]
		One of the ironies of war is that in the early months of its operations the XXI actually did accomplish this mission, though the results were not then apparent.
		The capture of Iwo Jima by the Marines in February 1945 (an operation advocated by the Twentieth Air Force in May 1944) provided an advanced air base that was a boon to the bomber offensive.
		The air base was of enormous significance from the standpoint of morale, the recovery of crippled aircraft, and the improvement of operations in general.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/Hansell/Hansell-6.html (13337 words)

	Boeing B-29 Superfortress -- Chapter 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As in the Matterhorn campaign, the B-29s were in danger of being dissipated in tactical missions and even these were not all that successful.
		The Marianas operation was going the way of Operation Matterhorn, with losses being high and not much damage to the enemy being done.
		During the Marianas operation, a total of 25,500 individual aircraft sorties were flow, and 170,000 tons of conventional ordnance had been dropped.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/baugher_us/b029-10.html (2680 words)

	AL'S ARCHIVE - D-I-G Update
		The Matterhorn Bobsleds are still in limbo, although TDA [Disneyland management] would very much like to have Fastpass machines at the base of the mighty Matterhorn before the Christmas crowds arrive.
		Yep, it looks like Matterhorn has cut a position, and now it is only running 9 bobsleds per track during peak hours instead of the standard 10 bobsleds it had been running.
		Since only one theater was operating on a busy summer afternoon, they had to wait outside the turnstiles before they could be let in to begin another 20 minute wait in the lobby.
	www.mouseplanet.com /archive/update18.htm (10909 words)

	China Burma India Theater of World War II - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Initally the forces were split between those who came under the operational command of the British India Command under General Sir Archibald Wavell the Commander-in-Chief in India and those in China, which (technically at least) were commanded by Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek,http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/sp1943-44/chapter19.htm as the Supreme Allied Commander in China.
		When the joint allied command was agreed upon, it was decided that the senior position should be held by a member of the British military because the British dominated Allied operations on the South-East Asian Theatre by weight of numbers (in much the same way as the US did in the Pacific Theater of Operations).
		Stilwell, who also had operational command of the Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC), a US-Chinese formation, was supposed to report to General George Giffard — commander of Eleventh Army Group — so that NCAC and the British Fourteenth Army, under the command of General William Slim, could be co-ordinated.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=904055 (1242 words)

	Boeing B-29 Superfortress
		The GE turrets could be operated with on eless gunner, but their demands for electrical power increased the weight of the aircraft to 105,000 pounds.
		As plans for Operation Matterhorn took shape, they envisaged basing the B-29's in eastern India, flying them over "the Hump," staging/refueling at Chengtu in central China, and then bombing Japanese cities.
		Operation Matterhorn wasn't working and it was phased out.
	www.acepilots.com /planes/b29.html (3280 words)

	[No title]
		But otherwise MATTERHORN proved to be of limited value, hardly worth the effort and resources that went into it.
		A veteran spokesman for airpower, he was convinced that the big, heavy bomber could demonstrate once and for all the decisive nature of strategic bombing and the validity of independent air operations.
		Low-level night operations would be much safer, increase the bombload, and thus multiply the destruction.
	homepage.mac.com /umiami91/falk.doc (5123 words)

	The History Net Sitemap - Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Operation A-Go was meant to trap the U.S. Fifth Fleet in the Marianas.
		It was hoped that Operation Market Garden would shorten the war, but the largest airborne operation of World War II failed in its main objectives.
		Operation Meade River in 'Dodge City' was the largest and most successful Marine search-and-destroy cordon of the war.
	spiderbites.primedia.com /plinks/detail_pirt_history_4.htm (3865 words)

	USAAF Chronology: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's attack the marshalling yard and docks at Ancona; P-40's hit tanks and trucks at Palena and S of Sulmona, and positions and vehicles near Cervaro; and A-36's hit positions in the same area.
		This is the first important movement of personnel for Operation MATTERHORN (the plan approved in Apr 44 for the bombing of Japan by B-29's based in the Calcutta, India area and staging through advanced fields in the Chengtu, China area).
		TACTICAL OPERATIONS (Twelfth Air Force): In Italy, B-25's hit road junctions at Valmontone and Genzano di Roma, and bomb the town of Monte Compatri; weather cancels all B-26 operations and several B-25 missions.
	paul.rutgers.edu /~mcgrew/wwii/usaf/html/Jan.44.html (10881 words)

	Alternate Campaigns: Asia and the Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Disrupting air operations would allow the Japanese to reinforce their troops on Guadalcanal with much more ease - or for that matter, allow their vessels to support their troops.
		However, the buildup of allied forces in southern New Guinea was becoming intolerable for the elements of the Japanese army along the north coast of New Guinea.
		Operation Olympic (Nov, 1945) was designed to take southern Kyushu - so that it could be turned into a giant staging and air base to support an invasion of the main island of Honshu (Operation Coronet, March 1946).
	world.std.com /~Ted7/altcamp4.htm (4670 words)

	Air Force Magazine
		Early AAF planning had outlined potential B-29 operations in the European Theater, but the bomber’s development problems and the pace of Allied operations in Europe made those plans moot.
		Arnold designated XX Bomber Command to be an operational unit under Twentieth Air Force, and Wolfe led the unit to India.
		The operation suffered from maintenance and logistical problems, which delayed the next strike by almost a month—by which time, Arnold had decided to replace Wolfe with LeMay, who had led Eighth Air Force’s 305th Bomb Group, and achieved success testing new concepts and tactics.
	www.afa.org /magazine/April2004/0404japan.asp (2963 words)

	Cam Ranh Bay Historical Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In Operation MATTERHORN, the XX Bomber Command (dropping mines and bombing ships in harbors) made Cam Ranh Bay a new target.
		American submarines operating in the South China Sea discovered the Japanese force and alerted the air force.
		This operation consisted of two groups of Naval Task Force 38 operating in the South China Sea spearheaded by the aircraft carriers Independence, Enterprise, and six destroyers.
	www.petester.com /html/CRB_historical_notes.html (863 words)

	B-29 Superfortress as flown by the Strategic Air Command
		Faced with having to pay back money already received, Boeing agreed to “operate the factories,” but they would “not take any responsibility for the airplane.” The Army took over the test program after the crash.
		Arnold’s B-29s first flew in Operation MATTERHORN, which called for India-based Superfortresses to bomb Japan from forward bases in China.
		During the last two months of 1944, B-29s began operating against Japan from the islands of Saipan, Guam and Tinian.
	www.strategic-air-command.com /aircraft/B-29/b29-history.htm (1271 words)

	Army Air Forces in World War II
		Maximum leaves for bomber crews are set at 1 week between the 25th and 30th missions and 2 weeks between the 40th and 50th missions.
		The detachment of the 24th Combat Mapping Squadron, Tenth Air Force, operating from Hsinching, China transfers to Jorhat, India with F-7s; the squadron is based at Guskhara, India.
		The operational vehicle is to be the 58th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) (4 bombardment groups) of the XX Bomber Command, soon to be assigned to the newly activated Twentieth Air Force, operating under General of the Army Henry H "Hap" Arnold as executive agent for the JCS.
	www.usaaf.net /chron/44/apr44.htm (12766 words)

	Review of The Pacific War Revisited
		In sum, the supply system, especially the fueling operations, was strained to the breaking point in the Pacific theater but not to the point of collapse.
		Wolk considers issues such as the problems with the Wright aircraft engines, strategic planning, the concept for Operation Matterhorn (bombing Japan from bases in that would be established on the Chinese mainland), and the development airbases in the Marianas.
		Wolk says nothing about Operation Coronet (the invasion of the Tokyo Plain) which was the second half of the larger Operation Downfall.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /GENOCIDE/reviewsw26.htm (4739 words)

	Twentieth Air Force - From B-29s To ICBMs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For example, while operations at most Air Force installations occur on a collocated flight line, ICBM maintenance technicians, site support personnel, security forces and combat crews can travel up to 150 miles one way to reach their ICBM launch and alert facilities.
		Not only were the missions and equipment a good match, the subsequent combining of the space and missile operations career fields was a near-perfect union.
		Having spent the first half of his career building technical expertise in two important space operations mission areas, Capt McCartney will now be ready to assume leadership positions across a career field that has a bright future--one connected to key national security missions for the foreseeable years to come.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/neary.html (4877 words)

	Military bib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Japan: Allied air of the strategy and campaign of the sea in World War II (format of the pdf).
		The Incursion Of Libya, April Of 1986 (Ravine Of the Gilded one Of the Operation).
		Southern clock Of the Operation (Iraq): Present Military editions of SOS/OTS.
	bibs.webanalsex.com /military-bib.htm (1090 words)

	The Daily Princetonian - Top Secret Research Here Plays Prominent Part In Effort to Harness H-Bomb's Power for Peace
		Shortly after an announcement by the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington, the President revealed that studies into an entirely new source of power were being conducted by Project Matterhorn at Forrestal Research Center.
		The result was the government-financed Matterhorn operation, which up to now has been cloaked in secrecy.
		The research effort is under the general supervision of a committee headed by Dr. Henry DeW.
	www.dailyprincetonian.com /archives/2006/10/05/news/16081.shtml (477 words)

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