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	The Medak Pocket
		Indeed one of the significant Canadian achievements during the operation was to catch Croatian forces in the act of ethnic cleansing.
		For the soldiers involved in the Medak Pocket operation the next few days were the most difficult They were tasked, along with civilian police officers, and UN medical officers, to sweep the area for signs of ethnic cleansing.
		The Medak Pocket provided the world with the first hard evidence that Serbia was not the sole perpetrator of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, deconstructing the myth that the Yugoslav wars could all be neatly labelled as Serbian wars of aggression and expansion.
	www.cda-cdai.ca /library/medakpocket.htm (6449 words)

	Professionalism Under Fire: Canadian Implementation of the Medak Pocket Agreement, Croatia 199
		Dishonoured Legacy is especially influential as an historical text since it passes criticism of the Somalia operation to all of Canada’s military institutions based on an admittedly incomplete investigation of criminal activity and cover-up during the mission of one battlegroup on a foreign deployment.
		What follows is a closer investigation of Canadian efforts to implement the Medak Pocket Agreement in 1993 to determine if the nation’s armed forces were truly at their “nadir” during the fateful year of the Somalia scandal.
		The Medak Pocket provided the world with the first hard evidence that Serbia, although probably the largest, was not the sole perpetrator of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.
	www.cda-cdai.ca /library/medakpocket2.htm (5946 words)

	Mirko Norac - Indictment
		Guards Motorised Brigade of the HV was one of the constituent units of Sector 1 of the Gospic Operational Zone, and the main HV unit involved in the Medak Pocket Operation.
		The Medak Pocket was approximately four to five kilometres wide and five to six kilometres long and consisted of the localities of Divoselo, Citluk and part of Pocitelj and numerous small hamlets.
		These operations were launched into the UNPA's or adjacent "pink zones" at the Miljevacki Plateau in June 1992, the area of the Maslenica bridge in northern Dalmatia in January 1993 and the Medak Pocket in September 1993.
	www.un.org /icty/indictment/english/nor-ii040520e.htm (2570 words)

	Annex VII : Medak investigation
		The Medak Pocket Operation comprises the military operations of the Republic of Croatia (Croat), United Nations Protection Force (UN or UNPROFOR) and, to a lesser extent, the «Republic of Serbian Krajina» (Serb) forces near Medak, Croatia, in September 1993.
		Speculation includes: a rehearsal by the Croats for a larger operation, a test of their forces by the Croats, retaliation by the Croats for Serb shelling of Gospic, a desire by the Croats to straighten their front, or simply a Croat desire to seize territory.
		On 22 September, a meeting was held to finalize the agreed upon positions of Croat and UN forces in the Medak Pocket.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/ANX/VII.htm (6341 words)

	Firefight in the Medak Pocket account - Military Photos
		The most dangerous and dramatic episode in that chapter was the 1993 Medak Pocket incident, in which Canadian soldiers, trying to keep warring sides separated, themselves came under attack.
		At the same time as this artillery barrage, the Croats launched their attack to seize the pocket, some 25 to 30 square kilometres of terrain, in a pincer movement, with tanks and infantry coming in from the north and special forces from the south.
		In terms of overall casualties in the Medak Pocket, four Canadians were wounded in the initial artillery barrage, and during the next several days seven French soldiers were injured, either when their vehicles hit anti-tank mines or they walked into anti-personnel mines.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?p=1912976 (4308 words)

	Nasa Central Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		His book is both comprehensive nasa central operation and to the point-a tough combination to achieve." -Simon Wills Director, British Bankers’ Association "Operational risk has become a central issue in the management of enterprise risk nasa central operation and for capital adequacy standards for financial institutions.
		Doug Hoffman is among the very few pioneers in developing an understanding of operational risk, the discipline of operational risk management, nasa central operation and related capital attribution standards for economic nasa central operation and regulatory capital.
		Operation Mockingbird - Operation Mockingbird is either an alleged Central Intelligence Agency operation to influence domestic and foreign media or a name for CIA attempts to influence the media which may not have been part of a formal operation, some of which were discovered during the Church Committee investigation in 1975 (published 1976).
	na80.mcechess.com /nasacentraloperation.html (1037 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Operation Medak Pocket
		Prior to the Medak Pocket offensive, Croatian government forces had launched several relatively small-scale attacks to retake rebel Serb-held territory in "pink zones" at the Miljevci Plateau in June 1992 and the area of the Maslenica bridge in northern Dalmatia in January 1993.
		The clash was not much publicised at the time but Calvin and his troops were decorated in 2002 for their bravery.
		The Medak Pocket offensive can be considered a tactical victory for the Croats in that it reduced the Serb threat against Gospić and permanently eliminated the possibility of splitting Croatia in half as had been planned.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Medak_pocket (2309 words)

	Commission of Experts' Final Report (S/1994/674) - Part III to IV.D
		The military conflicts in the former Yugoslavia must be examined on the basis of their evolution, which involved different parties at various times, operating in separate, though frequently interrelated, theatres of operation.
		There are 45 reported special forces, which usually operate under the command of a named individual and apparently with substantial autonomy, except when they are integrated into the regular army's plan of action.
		It is the view of the Commission that the Medak Pocket investigation report provides exceptionally strong support for the suggestion that prima facie cases can be developed against named Croatian senior officers for the wanton destruction of civilian property.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/III-IV_D.htm (11886 words)

	Intermediate Leadership Qualification (ILQ) - Distance Learning - Croatia - Medak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Medak Pocket Operation will serve as a case study to demonstrate the changing nature of peace operations from peacekeeping to peace enforcement.
		The Medak Pocket Operation lasted from September 9 to September 17, 1993.
		This Operation was the result of a Croatian offensive launched against the Croatian Serb inhabitants of the Krajina.
	www.det.st-jean.rmc.ca /ilqdl/engraph/croatie_medak/croatie_medak_e.asp (233 words)

	Mario's Cyberspace Station: US role in Operation Storm in Croatia
		The United States was actively involved in the preparation, monitoring and initiation of Operation Storm: the green light from President Clinton was passed on by the US military attache in Zagreb, and the operations were transmitted in real time to the Pentagon.
		Prior to Operation Flash, which was supposed to serve as a dress rehearsal for Storm, at exactly midnight, six hours prior to the beginning of the operation, Herrick and Šarač were called into the police and were informed that the planned action would begin in a few hours time.
		Racan defends the Medak Pocket attack as a "legitimate military operation" and states that Bobetko performed his "constitutional duty to liberate Croatian territory" and so cannot be considered guilty of "command responsibility".
	mprofaca.cro.net /operation_storm.html (6091 words)

	Adem and Norac case IT-04-78 CXonsolidated Indictment
		A superior is criminally responsible for the acts of his subordinates, if the superior knew, or had reason to know, that his subordinates were about to commit such acts, or had done so, and the superior failed to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such acts, or to punish the perpetrators thereof.
		Rahim ADEMI not only had reason to know that, during the Medak Pocket operation, various subordinates under his operational control were responsible for the persecution and killing of Serb civilians and surrendered soldiers, and the plunder and destruction of buildings and property, but he in fact knew of such acts.
		All references to the Medak Pocket operation means and includes all operations conducted by Croatian forces in and immediately around the area of the Medak Pocket, as described in paragraph 36 below.
	www.un.org /icty/indictment/english/ade-ci040730e.htm (2866 words)

	History of Balkan wars conflicts forum chat debate
		However, the unsuccessful Operation Medak pocket in 1993 damaged the international reputation of Croatia.
		The UN resolutions that required Croatia to retreat to previous positions and that Croatia must restrain from military operations were mostly seen as pointless bueraucratic texts, given that no such resolutions prevented the Serbian forces from attacking Croatia in the earlier stages of the war.
		These operations were undertaken in order to detract from the siege of the Bihać region.
	historyofbalkanwarsconflictscrimeforumch.blogsource.com (11306 words)

	Welcome to 2 PPCLI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Under conditions of extreme peril and hazard, facing enemy artillery, small arms and heavy machine gun fire as well as anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, the members of the 2PPCLI BG held their ground and drove the Croation forces back.
		The Medak Pocket was an extremy volatile region in the former Yugoslavia that was sought after by both Croatian and Serbian armies.
		While deployed there on a UN peacekeeping operation, members of 2PPCLI were ordered to create a buffer zone between the Serbs and the Croats.
	www.army.forces.gc.ca /2ppcli/history/medak_e.htm (610 words)

	Nasa Central Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Years later, he was a Brigadier General commanding troops during Operation Desert Storm, where smart bombs and the coalition forces moved into and captured Baghdad.
		Half of AMERICAN SOLDIER charts the development of character in a soldier and the changes in basic doctrine as the military changed to meet 21st-century challenges, and Franks was a Brigadier General commanding troops during Operation Desert Storm, where smart bombs and the coalition forces moved into and captured Baghdad.
		Franks's military career began in Vietnam, where he got his first taste of war and the responsibilities of command; this was followed by peacetime challenges, when he shipped to Europe at a time when both standards and morale were low.
	na80.mcechess.com (1347 words)

	Balkan Express
		Susak’s patronage explains why Norac was selected to command the Croatian Army’s first real offensive — the infamous "Medak pocket" operation in 1993, during which multiple Serb villages were destroyed, and Canada’s UN peacekeepers actually came to blows with the Croatian Army.
		Interestingly enough, under the chain of command the officer technically in charge of the Medak operation was Rahmi Ademi, (a Kosovo Albanian).
		After the operation, during which Norac was injured in a minefield, there was tremendous pressure on the Croatian government to punish the officers responsible.
	www.antiwar.com /malic/m021501.html (1953 words)

	Mirko Norac - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ATJ Lučko is a unit of the Croatian police and in 1991 it was used to deal with early incidents which developed into the Croatian War of Independence.
		In September of the same year he commanded operation Medak pocket, during which war crimes against local Serb population were committed.
		In the operation Norac was wounded in both hands and legs by an unexploded land mine
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mirko_Norac (1006 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		He was a close ally of both the late President Tudjman and late minister of defense Gojko Susak and was allied, generally, with nationalistic and right-wing politics.
		General Bobetko was accused of alleged war crimes against Serbs during the Medak Pocket operation while he was the army’s chief.These alleged crimes coincide with those described in the indictment of General Rahim Ademi (the proceedings against him are underway, though he was released from the Tribunal’s
		The UN’s exit from the peninsula marked its final withdrawal from Croatian soil; this was the last of its four peacekeeping operations in the country.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol11_12num4_1/constitutionwatch/croatia.html (1758 words)

	BC IMC: newswire/16270 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Croatians were left in control of much of the Medak pocket, an area mostly populated by Serbs.
		After the Croatian withdrawal, the Canadians found that (in the words of an official Canadian study on the incident) "each and every building in the Medak Pocket had been leveled to the ground", in a total of eleven villages and hamlets.
		The Medak Pocket affair was widely publicized, caused an international outcry and badly dented Croatia's international reputation.
	bc.indymedia.org /newswire/display_any/16270/index.php (1033 words)

	Vecernji List, Vecernji List Poll: Bobetko Must Not Be Extradited To Hague Even If International Community Imposes ...
		However, the assertion would be that the action in Medak Pocket was not an armed conflict but a legitimate military-police action of a sovereign country.
		The number of the victims, soldiers and civilians, in the operation Medak Pocket has increased threefold since last year, all Serb soldiers have in the meantime become civilians.
		The circumstances in which the operation started are totally ignored, there is no mention of daily bombardment of Croat settlements from the territory covered in the Medak Pocket operation, whose goal was ethnic cleansing.
	www.ex-yupress.com /vecernji/vecernji32.html (2314 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Ghosts of Medak Pocket: the Story of Canada's Secret War: Books: Carol Off (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In September Croatian forces took the Medak Pocket, a bump in the Serbian held South UN Protected Area.
		One of the odd things in Off’s story is the number of times she describes Patricias being shelled and shot at, in whatever quarters they managed to find, without firing back and without any of them being killed or wounded.
		In the few days the Croatians were in the Medak Pocket, they did, as the Patricias discovered, a pretty thorough job.
	www.amazon.ca /Ghosts-Medak-Pocket-Canadas-Secret/dp/0679312935 (3451 words)

	mazowiecki5/17nov93
		Eleven hamlets in the pocket were either entirely destroyed or sustained heavy damage.
		Another area of concern is Drnis and Vrlika where, in particular after the Medak pocket incident, the mainly elderly ethnic Croat population has been subjected to abuse and harassment.
		Further to his letter dated 1 October 1993, the Special Rapporteur once again requests the Croatian authorities to ensure that those responsible for the contravention of human rights and international humanitarian standards in the Medak pocket operation be punished and that steps be taken to prevent such incidents in the future.
	www.haverford.edu /relg/sells/reports/mazowiecki5_17nov93.htm (18961 words)

	Military history of Canada - Wikipedia Mirror
		The 1993 Canadian response to Operation Medak pocket in Bosnia was the largest battle fought by Canadian forces since the Korean War.
		This was the first time since the Korean War that its forces had participated in combat operations.
		In November of 2005, Canadian military participation shifted from ISAF in Kabul to Operation Archer, a part of Operation Enduring Freedom in and around Khandahar.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Military_history_of_Canada (7283 words)

	The Medak Pocket
		One thing I noted about the Croats, both in the homeland and the expat organizations here in Canada, was their capacity for denial and self-delusion about what had been done in ther name by the HVO and the Special Police.
		As an 'investigator' who worked in the Balkans long after Medak, there was ample evidence that all three sides had units that were involved in ethnic cleansing and war crimes.
		I was in the medak, I was lead wagon once we crossed the start line by the Serb Bgd HQ in Medak and I have read every propaganda article that Croatia has written that I could find.
	forums.army.ca /forums/index.php?topic=64.90 (1074 words)

	Europaworld 28/5/2004 UN War Crimes Tribunal Indicts Former Croatian General
		Among the charges of murder and cruel and inhumane treatment of civilians and captured soldiers during a two-day attack on the Medak Pocket, were counts of tying bodies to a car and dragging them along village roadsides, and burning a Serbian woman alive while soldiers mocked her.
		Norac was a commander of the Ninth Guards Motorized Brigade and led a group formed for the purpose of conducting the operation, The Hague-based court said.
		The indictment says that as a result of the Croatian military operation, "the Medak Pocket became uninhabitable…thereby depriving the Serbian population of their homes and livelihoods."
	www.europaworld.org /week179/unwar28504.htm (296 words)

	19 Wing Comox Medak Pocket Commendation Presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The 2 PPCLI battle group was awarded this exceptional commendation for courageous and professional execution of duty during the Medak Pocket Operation in the former Yugoslavia in September 1993.
		Facing enemy artillery, small arms and heavy machine gun fire as well as anti tank and anti personnel mines, the members of the battalion group held their ground and drove the Croatian forces back from their ongoing 'ethnic cleansing', which was also being carried out by Serb forces in other theatres of this tragic war.
		There is no doubt that the exemplary actions undertaken at the Medak Pocket by Canadians at this time saved the lives of uncounted innocent civilians.
	www.ltgov.bc.ca /whatsnew/sp/sp_jul30_2003.htm (448 words)

	Any photos from Medak Pocket, Croatia, 1993? - Military Photos
		Those **ing communists in Belgrade should have been decapitated for not wiping Croatia out after Medack pocket, which had no other purpose but to kill the civilians, for Croats knew very well that no strategic advantage can be gained from that operation**.
		From what I understand of the entire Medak operation, it was more of a probing attack or a dress rehersal to test the Serb defences and reaction times when under attack.
		There were allot of civilian casualties during the Medak fighting though, which was very disturbing to the Canadian troops on the ground who could not understand why civilians would be targeted.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=66133 (601 words)

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