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Topic: Operation Peace for Galilee

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1982 Invasion of Lebanon

State of Israel

History of Lebanon

Lebanese Civil War

Sabra and Shatila massacre

UNIFIL

Shebaa Farms

History of Israel

Hezbollah

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Israel

1973 Yom Kippur War

Merkava Tank

Yom Kippur War

Menachem Begin

	The MOUT Homepage
		This operation consisted of a three-pronged assault with the Western Force advancing towards Beirut along the Mediterranean coast, a Central Force advancing through the Lebanese mountains to seize the western heights over the Bekaa Valley, and the Bekaa Forces group whose aim was to destroy Syrian forces in the Bekaa Valley in northeastern Lebanon.
		Operation Peace for Galilee, which began on June 6, 1982 when Israeli military forces invaded southern Lebanon, was publicly portrayed as a limited operation to drive the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) away from Israel’s northern border and secure a 40km buffer zone.
		Deployment of IDF forces during the overall campaign was marked by a frequent shifting of units from the operational control of one command to another, moving field commanders in and out of positions of command, and by the formation of small, task-oriented operations.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/6453/pfg.html (5865 words)

	History of the Tenth Knesset (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Operation Peace for the Galilee: an IDF half-track being welcomed by the local population, 8.6.1982.
		The declared goal of the operation was to remove the shelters of the Palestinian terrorists from southern Lebanon, and its broader goal was to cause the election in Lebanon of a government that will be willing to sign a peace agreement with Israel, and liquidate the PLO.
		The operation, which at first enjoyed a broad consensus in Israel, rapidly turned into the focus of disagreement, which manifested itself in the street and in the debates of the Knesset.
	www.knesset.gov.il /history/eng/eng_hist10.htm (612 words)

	50 Years Anniversary of Israel: 1978 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The talks culminated in the signing of a peace treaty in 1979 between Israel and Egypt, the largest of the Arab states.
		Under the terms of the peace treaty, both countries agreed to cease all hostile activity.
		Operation Peace for Galilee was another landmark in the history of the State of Israel.
	www.jajz-ed.org.il /50/time/78.html (443 words)

	Liberation Graphics: Antonym/Synonym
		Hence the name of the invasion, Operation Peace for the Galilee; this operation was the brainchild of Ariel Sharon, who is now Israel’s Prime Minister.
		The Israeli troops who participated in Operation Peace for the Galilee were briefly greeted as liberators by Lebanese who thought it would bring peace and stability back to their country.
		Operation Peace for the Galilee was expected to take just a few weeks, but lasted almost twenty years and has been dubbed “Israel’s Vietnam.” It resulted in the deaths of over 100,000 Lebanese and more than 1,200 Israeli soldiers, and it was deeply opposed by much of Israeli society.
	www.liberationgraphics.com /ppp/judea_capta.html (950 words)

	Commentary Magazine - "Peace for Galilee": Success or Failure? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The time is still ripe for some reflection on the events of June 1982 and their aftermath, and three recent books are valuable in that regard.
		...The Litani operation of 1978, in which the IDF briefly occupied a strip of land extending to the river of that name (some twenty kilometers from the border), brought only a brief respite...
		...Richard Gabriel's Operation Peace for Galilee* is a straightforward account of the war from June through August 1982, supplemented with a brief pre-history of the Lebanese problem and a short postscript...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V78I5P26-1.htm (5956 words)

	true_peace
		Operation "Peace for the Galilee" has been highly successful, with G-d showing open miracles to the Jewish soldiers fighting to assure peace for Eretz Yisroel.
		As the operation proceeded, with G-d showing open miracles, it became increasingly evident that its progress was being hampered by political obstructionism.
		At different stages of the operation the Lubavitcher Rebbe pointed out the many opportunities available wherewith to bring the operation to a successful conclusion, and the folly of repeating the mistakes of previous wars.
	www.truepeace.org /peaceforgalilee.htm (341 words)

	1982 Lebanon War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Continual violence occurred between Israel and the PLO from 1968, peaking in Operation Litani.
		Secondly, Israel argued it could derail the establishment of a base of operations for the PLO, from which they could mount assaults in the international arena such as the 26 December 1968 attack on an Israeli civilian airliner in Athens.
		Another reason given for the invasion was as an intervention in the ongoing Lebanese Civil War to counteract Syrian influences in Lebanon, and possibly enable the establishment of a stable Lebanese leadership from the Christian population, which would strengthen a central Lebanese Army, restore security and agree to diplomatic relations with Israel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Peace_for_Galilee (2361 words)

	"Operation Peace for Galilee" (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		the Israelis initiated "Operation Peace for Galilee" they were able to advance against stiff opposition, particularly in the Bekaa valley, up to the capitol of Beirut where they engaged in brutal urban combat (map).
		The violence of the fighting and the visible reminder of the costs of the war were brought into the living rooms of families around the world, shifting international opinion away from the Israeli cause.
		Commander of the operation, Ariel Sharon, was also discredited because troops under his command allowed Lebanese Christians to massacre captured Muslim POWs they were guarding at the Sabra and Shaitlla camps.
	filebox.vt.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /users/atownsen/SOC3304/MiddleEast/synopsis/OPfGallilee.htm (386 words)

	The History Guy: Israel-Lebanon Conflict (1978-2000)
		Though officially a force for peace, the Syrians soon took the side of the Muslims and PLO and actively battled the Lebanese Christian forces.
		Calling this invasion "Operation Peace in Galilee," (Galillee is the biblical name for northern Israel), Israel invaded Lebanon up to the outskirts of the Lebanese capital, Beirut.
		During Operation Accountability, Israeli forces destroyed or damaged thousands of houses and buildings, causing some 300,000 Lebanese and Palestinian civilians from southern Lebanon to migrate towards Beirut and other areas outside of the combat zone.
	www.historyguy.com /israel-lebanon_conflict_2006.html (1273 words)

	Operation Defensive Shield from WUJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The stated aim of the operation was to destroy the terrorist infrastructure and the army only entered locations from where terrorist attacks had originated.
		The operation was actually merely revenge on the Palestinian people and a repeat of what Sharon did in Lebanon in the 80s.
		Both the military and political leadership have been clear from the start that Operation Defensive Shield was not an excuse for re-occupation and that the army had no intention of remaining in the areas that it entered.
	www.wujs.org.il /activist/campaigns/operation_defensive_shield.shtml (2073 words)

	Galilee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "Finger of the Galilee" (Hebrew: אצבע הגליל, Etzba HaGalil) is a region of the Upper Galilee and contains the towns Metulla and Qiryat Shemona and the rivers of Dan and Banias.
		Galilee was the home of Jesus during at least thirty years of his life.
		Hezbollah claims that the Shebaa Farms, located on the border of the Golan Heights and Lebanon, is Israeli-occupied Lebanon, while Israel and the UN claim that the Shebaa Farms are part of the Syrian Golan Heights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galilee (1127 words)

	The JPost - Peace For Galilee Special
		June 1982 - Operation Peace for Galilee begins in response to the attempted assassination of Israel's ambassador to the UK and Katyusha attacks on the North.
		During the operation the terrorists fired 142 Katyushas across the northern border, killing two civilians and one soldier and wounding 25 civilians and nine soldiers.
		April 1996 - Operation Grapes of Wrath is launched in response to Katyusha attacks by Hizbullah.
	info.jpost.com /C002/Supplements/PeaceForGalilee/pull_1war.html (558 words)

	Israel's Invasion of Lebanon, Operation Peace for the Galilee
		The Christians, After their rescue at the hands of the Syrians from subjection and slaughter by the PLO and the Lebanese Moslems, were enabled to continue in ostensible government power as puppets of the Syrians.
		The Syrians, whose pretence of being a "peace keeping" force had been consecrated by the other Arab States-and also, it must be added, by a fawning Christian world-now occupied the eastern part of the country (the Beka'a).
		Defensive measures and counter-strikes, including operations by the Hadad militia, mitigated the impact of the PLO offensive against the villages and towns in Galilee but it was maintained with such intensity that the people had to take to their shelters day after day.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~samuel/lebanonwar.html (3814 words)

	Israel & The Middle East Conflict - Israels Wars: Operation Peace for Galilee -
		Journalists were able to operate on both sides of the encounter and thus produce vast quantities of uniquely synoptic material every day.
		By the time of Operation Peace for Galilee, the PLO had prepared underground bunkers and tunnels in anticipation of an Israeli invasion.
		At the operational level, IDF doctrine for urban warfare stressed that “cities should be encircled before anything else.”[22] At the tactical level, the IDF had refined its tactical doctrine and stepped up its training program for urban warfare, based in large measure on the battle for Suez City in the 1973 war.
	johnmccarthy90066.tripod.com /id239.html (9886 words)

	Amazon.com: Operation Peace for Galilee: The Israeli-Plo War in Lebanon: Books: Richard A. Gabriel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The danger to Israel became Palestinian operations inside Israel and the occupied territories and the threat posed from Lebanon by the Syrian-sponsored group Hezbollah.
		Richard A. Gabriel's "Operation Peace for Galilee - The Israeli-PLO War in Lebanon" is unparallelled.
		One is left in no doubt about the horrors of this conflict and the traumas of having to frequently fight against an enemy hiding in civilian areas, with the harrowing experience which unavoidably ensued, of seeing civilians die as a result of military actions.
	amazon.com /Operation-Peace-Galilee-Israeli-Plo-Lebanon/dp/0809015048 (2265 words)

	1982-1991
		Israel invades Lebanon in Operation Peace for Galilee after PLO attacks on northern Israel.
		The Ethiopian community was brought to Israel in two large and complex operations: Operation Moses (1984) and Operation Solomon (1991).
		The intifada constituted another stage in the Israeli-Arab conflict and was undoubtedly a major factor in the beginnings of a dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/TIME/1980s.html (857 words)

	The Bekaa Valley War--June 2002
		Operation Peace for Galilee, as Israel dubbed it, led to a prolonged conflict with Lebanon and produced mixed overall results.
		Operation Peace for Galilee aimed to drive Israeli ground forces into Lebanon to keep Syria at bay, while Lebanese Christian militiamen drove out the PLO.
		The first week of the operation culminated with the most significant air battle of the 1980s and one of the most important in the history of military airpower.
	www.afa.org /magazine/June2002/0602bekaa.html (3705 words)

	Urban Lessons Learned:Operation Peace for Galilee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lesson 5: Contrary to initial Government expectations, Operation Peace for Galilee was neither of short duration nor low cost.
		Lesson 14: The tempo of urban operations is so intense that soldiers tend to “burn out”.
		Lesson 22: Amphibious operations have a role in urban warfare.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/740602/posts (5976 words)

	The Lebanon War
		The PLO responded with a massive artillery and mortar attack on the Israeli population of the Galilee.
		The initial success of the Israeli operation led officials to broaden the objective to expel the PLO from Lebanon and induce the country's leaders to sign a peace treaty.
		In April 1996, the IDF mounted "Operation Grapes of Wrath" to halt Hezbollah's bombardment of Israel's northern frontier.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/Lebanon_War.html (1678 words)

	Politics of the Middle East
		Normally that phrase is rendered with the words peace process in capital letters, but that tends to indicate an ongoing...
		The decision by the political leadership of the coalition arrayed against Iraq to halt offensive operations March 1, 1991 has been controversial since it was made.
		In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the ongoing American war on terrorism, there have been suspicion of Iraq’s involvement in the...
	suite101.com /article.cfm/middle_east/40410 (598 words)

	The JPost - Peace For Galilee Special
		Sharon called the press conference to argue that Operation Peace for Galilee, launched when he was Defense Minister, was still delivering security and political benefits for Israel.
		Sharon said he was shocked by the increasing politicization and exploitation of the casualty figures from the war to serve the "partisan purposes of the left, headed by Yitzhak Rabin.
		If we were to engage in the same kind of political casualty-counting that Labor does, we would have to point out that thousands more died in Labor-initiated wars than in Operation Peace for Galilee," he said.
	info.jpost.com /C002/Supplements/PeaceForGalilee/beg_3war.html (444 words)

	Golani Brigade - Independence to Galilee.htm
		Golani was stationed in the valleys and hills of the Lower Galilee in northern Israel.
		Their mission was to defend the Upper Galilee and the Galilee valleys.
		The Golani brigade also took part in Operation Assaf to take control of the western Negev, and also participated in Operation Horev in which the Egyptians were repelled from Israeli territory.
	www.warchronicle.com /units/Israel/golani.htm (1195 words)

	Essays: "Peace for the Galilee"
		Operation "Peace for the Galilee" has been highly successful, with G-d showing open miracles to the Jewish soldiers fighting to assure peace for Eretz Yisrael.
		Eretz Yisrael is currently engaged in Operation "Peace for the Galilee." As its name indicates, the purpose of this operation is to assure peace for the Jews in Galilee by removing the terrorists, who, entrenched in Lebanon, have been menacing the entire region.
		The aim of Operation "Peace for the Galilee" was to remove the terrorists from Lebanon once and for all, thus allowing Jews to live peacefully and securely.
	www.sichosinenglish.org /essays/22.htm (1669 words)

	The JPost - Peace For Galilee Special
		MUCH has been written about the Operation Peace for Galilee on its recent 10th anniversary.
		) Some two years after Operation Peace for Galilee, a woman kibbutz member at Rosh Hanikra said: "For us residents of Galilee, it is difficult to conceive a more just war than [this one]." (Ma'ariv, May 20, 1984.
		In that period, terrorist attacks caused the death of 23 soldiers of the IDF and the South Lebanon Army, tourists, Arabs and foreigners in Israel and abroad; 250 people were injured in these operations.
	info.jpost.com /C002/Supplements/PeaceForGalilee/beg_1war.html (888 words)

	Sho't
		The second stage of the IDF evacuation from Lebanon (1985), After the Operation "Peace For Galilee" (1982).
		This was the most modern operational Main Battle Tank (MBT) of its time, equipped with a high-powered 115mm cannon.
		Later in their operational lives Sh'ot Kal were prepared for the installation of ERA but most never actually had it fitted.
	www.israeli-weapons.com /weapons/vehicles/tanks/shot/Shot.html (812 words)

	Israeli Invasion of Lebanon 1982
		The situation in the Galilee became intolerable as the frequency of attacks forced thousands of Israeli residents to flee their homes or to spend large amounts of time in bomb shelters.
		On June 6, 1982, under the direction of Defense Minister Ariel Sharon, Israel invaded Lebanon with a massive force, called Operation Peace for the Galilee, driving all the way to Beirut and putting the PLO and residents, as well as the Lebanese civilian population of that city, under siege.
		Israel justified its breech of the Habib cease-fire by citing the attempted assassination of the Israeli ambassador in London and a build-up of PLO armaments in South Lebanon.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_lebanon_198x_backgd.php (621 words)

	Israel-Lebanon Draft Peace Agreement, 1983
		Operation Peace for Galilee (the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon) Israeli and Lebanese negotiators to negotiate a peace treaty between the two countries under Israeli pressure.
		The main features of the agreement include ending the the state of war between Israel and Lebanon, a mechanism for treaty supervision, provisions for Israeli withdrawal and security coordination, and the establishment of an Israeli mission in Beirut.
		The Parties being guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law undertake to settle their disputes by peaceful means in such a manner as to promote international peace and security and justice.
	www.mideastweb.org /lebanonpeace.htm (3151 words)

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