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Topic: Operation Plumbob

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	W54 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest identified nuclear tests of devices corresponding to the W54 characteristics were the Pascal-A and Pascal-B test detonations in 1957, in the Operation Plumbob nuclear test series.
		In Little Feller I (July 17), the warhead was launched as Davy Crockett device from a stationary 155 millimeter launcher and set to detonate between 20 and 40 feet above the ground around 1.7 miles from the launch point, with a yield of 18 tons.
		Footage of Operation IVY FLATS was declassified by the United States Department of Energy on December 22, 1997.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/W54 (1170 words)

	Appendix B: The Eight Major Processes of the Nuclear Weapons Complex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Operators periodically regenerated the charcoal and exhausted the impurities to the plant stack.
		C reactor stopped operating in 1986, and went on cold standby in 1987, after engineers determined that cracks in the reactor vessel, discovered in 1984, could not be fixed.
		Reactor operators diverted unusually radioactive effluents from slug ruptures or reactor purges to cribs, where it was believed that the radioactive water would be held in the pores of the soil.
	legacystory.apps.em.doe.gov /text/link/link8.htm (21149 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Testing
		Operation Plumbob in 1957 was the sixth in a series of continental tests conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to test laboratory design of weapons.
		A number of operational advancements were made on Plumbob in new techniques for firing the test devices to minimize fallout hazard.
		The most difficult step in balloon operations was the transfer of the weapon cab to the balloon and was accomplished only when surface winds did not exceed 15 knots, predicted on basis of wind persistence.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/dprk/nuke-test.htm (1526 words)

	Elizabeth Demas WP 101: Rough Draft of Research Paper
		However, at the advent of the Operation Plumbob tests, the communities being exposed to fallout began to publicly complain about the dangers of the exposure.
		The Operation Plumbob of 1957 was a series of 21 explosions through August and September.
		The Plumbob testing was “one of the most intensive series of bomb tests to be initiated (Williams, 286.)” The strongest of the tests was labled “Smoky” from August 31, 1957.
	mt.middlebury.edu /middblogs/edemas/edemas/2005/04/rough_draft_of.html (1180 words)

	Australian Maritime Doctrine - RAN Doctrine 1 - 2000 (Sea Power Centre - Australia)
		Barrier operations may be conducted in situations in which geography and/or oceanography combine to create a focal area that can be closed to the adversary.
		Advance force operations are conducted in advance of a main force, notably an amphibious force, in order to make acceptably safe the area in which the latter will operate.
		Implicit in peacekeeping operations is that they operate under a mandate and according to conditions which are agreed by all the belligerent parties.
	www.navy.gov.au /spc/amd/html/chapt7.html (4545 words)

	DVA Annual Reports 2000-2001 - OUTCOME 1 - COMPENSATION
		The four ships were allotted for duty in the Borneo operational area and their personnel became eligible for service pension as well as disability pension from 1 January 2001.
		Visits to an operational area, with the exception of Vietnam, have never been sufficient to satisfy the criteria for VEA coverage.
		Operation Plumbob - Guadalcanal and the adjacent waters during the period 8 June 2000 to 24 June 2000;
	www.dva.gov.au /media/aboutus/annrep01/section5_7/051_compensation2.htm (931 words)

	America's Atomic Bomb Tests
		Operation Buster-Jangle tested the innovative, compact-sized Mark 7 nuclear bomb, a bomb that would soon be carried by the smaller aircraft.
		The blast effects of a nuclear explosion on airplanes in flight were studied during Operation Teapot.
		This is followed by the first-ever public disclosure of the Navy's Underwater demolition unit (a nuclear device strapped to the chest of a frogman that would jump into the water from a helicopter) in SADM - Special Atomic Demolition Munition.
	www.usfs.com /atomic_video_descriptions.html (1039 words)

	Black N Minority Political Issues
		The American public was astounded to learn of a top-secret operation with the payroll, facilities, and labor force comparable in size to the American automobile industry.
		The only commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in the United States to be operated, the West Valley Plant recovered uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuel from 1966-1972 and produced nearly 600,000 gallons of high-level nuclear waste that was stored at the plant.
		The vitrification facility, which immobilizes liquid and sludge-type waste by dissolving it in molten glass, is scheduled to begin operation in 1996 and to complete operation in 1998.
	groups.msn.com /BlackNMinorityPoliticalIssues/sciencebits.msnw?action=get_message&mview=0&ID_Message=164&LastModified=4675386985694147443 (14861 words)

	Nevada Test Site (NTS) _ Nuclear Pictures - NukeWorker.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		NF-250 The 37 KT Priscilla Test in 195712/30/05 at 17:17ebanks: Operation Plumbob, number 91.
		HOOD12/30/05 at 17:14ebanks: Operation Plumbob, number 93, highest yield NTS at...
		DIABLO12/30/05 at 17:03ebanks: This was part of Operation Plumbob, number 94.
	www.nukeworker.com /pictures/thumbnails.php?album=lastcom&cat=-56 (218 words)

	Nuclear Testing
		Eventually a separate ship had to be reserved just for laundry operations where clean-up crews could leave their radioactive clothes, and eventually that boat had to be abandoned, too.
		Operation Plumbob tested warheads carried by balloons, towers, and air-to-air missiles and also experimented with the results of warheads triggered by a plane crash or other accident.
		The chairman of the AEC readily agreed under the condition that the military alone be responsible for the safety and living conditions of the troops.
	users.adelphia.net /~gcheney/testing.htm (14528 words)

	Nuclear Age Timeline : The 1950's
		Operations begin at the Savannah River Plant in Aiken, South Carolina, with the startup of the heavy water plant.
		Rainier was part of a series, known as Operation Plumbob, conducted at the Nevada Test Site to test warheads scheduled for production.
		The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is formed to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to provide international safeguards and an inspection system to ensure nuclear materials aren't diverted from peaceful to military uses.
	www.radiochemistry.org /history/nuclear_timeline/50s.html (1038 words)

	Openness Press Conference Fact Sheets
		Operation Redwing was a 17-shot nuclear weapons tests series conducted at the Pacific Proving Ground in 1956.
		Operation Plumbob, conducted in 1957, represented the biggest, longest, and most controversial test series in the history of the Nevada Test Site.
		Operation Hardtack II was the continental phase that followed the Hardtack I Pacific series.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps18116/www.osti.gov/opennet/factsfin.html (8428 words)

	Atomic Tests: Plumbbob, Nevada Test Site 1957
		David Barrett, was with the 261st Signal Corps laying cable in the tests areas.
		Bob Winters, a Marine with the HMR-361, 3rd Marine Air Wing at Operation Plumbbob.
		Lt., USMC and served as a Press Escort at Operation Plumbob in July 1957.
	www.aracnet.com /~pdxavets/plumbbob.htm (447 words)

	[No title]
		Such experiments were necessary because aircraft crashes and other operational and logistic accidents involving nuclear weapons could result in one-point detonation of the weapon’s high explosive components, producing no nuclear yield but contaminating the local area with radioactive materials.
		Both sites were considered equal from an operational viewpoint, but the decision was utimately based on soil contamination levels from previous testing.
		According to DOE documents, the initial phase of the operation was set to begin in October 1982.
	www.ufomind.com /area51/history/articles/project_57.html (1799 words)

	[No title]
		The existence of the facility at Groom Lake was announced by the AEC in 1955.
		The 1957 test series, Operation Plumbob, included 24 nuclear detonations and six safety experiments (three of which had a slight nuclear yield).
		The first shot of Operation Plumbob was a safety experiment called Project 57.
	www.ufomind.com /area51/history/articles/aerotech_951020.html (2387 words)

	Operation Plumbbob
		Operation Plumbbob was conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) from May through October of 1957.
		It was the sixth test series at NTS and consisted of 29 tests.
		It is possible to calculate the yield though from normalization data given in UCRL-53152 Part 6 Results of Calculations of External Gamma Radiation Exposure Rates from Fallout and the Related Radionuclide Compositions; Operation Plumbbob, 1957 (by Harry G. Hicks, July 1981).
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Usa/Tests/Plumbob.html (3424 words)

	Human medical experimentation in the United States: The shocking true history of modern medicine and psychiatry ...
		MacArthur and Fort Detrick's Special Operations Division have, at this point, been conducting mycoplasma research to create a synthetic immunosuppressive agent for about one year, again suggesting that this research may have produced HIV (Goliszek).
		In studies sponsored by the U.S. Air Force, Dr. Amedeo Marrazzi gives LSD to mental patients at the University of Missouri Institute of Psychiatry and the University of Minnesota Hospital to study "ego strength" (Barker).
		In the May 27 issue of the Los Angeles Times, former U.S. Navy radio operator Richard Jenkins writes that he suffers from leukemia, chronic fatigue and kidney and liver disease as a result of the radiation exposure he received in 1958's Operation Hardtack (Goliszek).
	www.newstarget.com /019187.html (5174 words)

	Atomic Veteran: Jim Burlingame, Operation Hardtack and Plumbbob (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During this time I participated in Operation Plumbob in Nevada in 1957 and Operation Hardtack in the Marshall Islands in 1958.
		If a person accumulated a certain amount of radiation they were sent back to their home base.
		In the Pacific with Operation Hardtack we maintained all the records on one of the early computers.
	www.aracnet.com /~pdxavets/burlinga.htm (323 words)

	Elizabeth Demas WP 101: April 2005 Archives
		Terry Tempest Williams’ chose to mention these series of testing within her memoir, however, she stylistically chose to place it at the end of her book rather then weaving into the narrative.
		In doing this, I will relate my research back to Tempest’s text because her family was exposed to 1957’s operation Plumbob, which would be a good reason why cancer had occurred throughout generations in her family.
		This topic is relevant to Refuge, because both the author and her family were exposed to nuclear fallout during Operation Plumbbob in 1957.
	mt.middlebury.edu /middblogs/edemas/edemas/2005/04 (8690 words)

	MFO
		Currently there are 30 ADF personnel supporting the Operation.
		In order to assist the Solomon Island government with an internal factional struggle, Australia committed a Logistics support team and HMAS KANIMBLA to monitor the cease-fire to the civilian war.
		The RAN vessels provided for OPERATION TREK are to be used as the peace agreement platform.
	www.peacekeepers.asn.au /missions/plumbob.htm (155 words)

	Pensions - Testing your Eligibility - ELMNet Module - List of the conflicts/intruments/service not updated on ELMNET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sierra Leone UNAMSIL (Operation Husky) 15/01/2001 - ongoing
		East Timor (Operation Citadel) (non-warlike) 18/08/2003 - ongoing
		Solomon Islands (Operation Anode) (non-warlike) 24 July 2003 - ongoing
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/elmnet/omitted_conflicts.htm (76 words)

	Nike History Online - Nike missile system history, technology, sites & historic preservation newsletter."
		The existing buildings and structures located on this installation, accordingly, illustrate the type of facilities developed for this pioneer surface-to-air missile system which employed liquid-fueled missiles, armed with conventional warheads, and used a ground-based guidance system having three integrated radar systems.
		During 1957, a series of 25 nuclear weapons detonations and 5 "safety tests" were conducted at the NTS in what was known as "Operation Plumbob".
		The final shot in the Plumbob series, designated "Morgan", involved testing the new transistorized guidance package of the soon to be deployed Nike Hercules missile in order to determine its ability to withstand blast and radiation effects.
	alpha.fdu.edu /~bender/nikenws.html (1890 words)

	TomDispatch - Tomgram: Jon Else on the Museum of Attempted Suicide
		The SIOP -- and the United States has had one of these ever since -- was a full-scale operational plan for a "preemptive" nuclear attack not just on the Soviet Union, but on the Communist world, which was simply to be obliterated.
		Though inter-service nuking was the order of the day, and much of the back-and-forth was done in an anesthetized language, some military figures were disturbed.
		However, if you want to try to imagine it for a moment, a useful aid might be a remarkable, completely eerie, and eerily beautiful book that came out a year ago, Michael Light's 100 Suns.
	www.tomdispatch.com /index.mhtml?pid=1680 (2533 words)

	NAVY News :: Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The achievements and experiences of those involved in Operation BELISI, the Peace Monitoring Group (PMG) in Bougainville, and Operation ANODE, the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), will be permanently remembered through this publication which is intended to become a primary reference for information on these operations.
		Other operations including Operation LAGOON, Operation PLUMBOB and Operation TREK will also be covered.
		CAPT Bowd served as a Logistics Plans Officer in the final rotation of the PMG (June-August 2003) and deployed in command of the Logistic Support Troop during the second rotation of personnel Operation ANODE (November 2003- March 2004).
	www.defence.gov.au /news/NAVYNEWS/editions/4719/feature/feature05.htm (360 words)

	Denver Post Online: Books and Authors
		The range is used for the testing of technologies and systems and training for operations critical to the effectiveness of U.S. military forces and the security of the United States.
		Some specific activities and operations conducted on the Nellis Range, both past and present, remain classified and cannot be discussed.
		The 1957 nuclear test series, Operation Plumbob, included twenty-four nuclear detonations, so a lot of structural safety checking was done.
	extras.denverpost.com /books/chap0411a.htm (6570 words)

	America's Atomic Bomb Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Operation Tumbler-Snapper tested small yield weapons, the type that could be carried and launched by tactical fighters.
		This is the full report on the devastation caused by the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II.
		Underwater, underground, above the ground and airburst detonations are all compared, each with striking full motion coverage.
	www.jwinteractive.com /avionpark/abomb.html (719 words)

	Area 51, Groom Lake
		A bomb with the code-name HOOD, part of the 1957 Operation Plumbob, caused substantial damage at Watertown, the code-name for Area 51.
		Construction was completed by July 1955, and on the 24th the first U-2 prototype arrived from the Lockheed Skunk Works Headquarters in Burbank, California by a C-124 transport plane.
		The Air Force Outstanding Unit Award was presented to the members of the OXCART Detachment (1129th Special Activities Squadron, Detachment 1) and the USAF supporting units.
	area51specialprojects.com /groomlake.html (1158 words)

	NARA - Guide to Federal Records - Federal Records Guide: Alphabetical Index - O
		Operation High Jump II Operation Ivy 374.5.3, 374.5.4
		Operations, Assistant Chief of Staff for (Naval Districts) 181.2.1, 181.2.10, 181.2.12
		Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for 38.4-38.6
	www.archives.gov /research/guide-fed-records/index-alpha/o.html (1288 words)

	HMAS Tobruk (Royal Australian Navy)
		The ship's roll-on/roll-off function is supplemented by 8.5 tonne capacity cranes and a derrick capable of lifting up to 70 tonnes.
		The amphibious role is enhanced by froward and aft helicopter decks, which can be operated simultaneously.
		From September 2001 until April 2003 the ship has been frequently assigned to Operation Relex in Northern Australia.
	www.navy.gov.au /ships/tobruk (234 words)

	Operation Defensive Shield Encyclopedia Articles @ ChannelsAndNetworks.com (Channels and Networks) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Operation Defensive Shield Encyclopedia Articles @ ChannelsAndNetworks.com (Channels and Networks)
		Operation Falcon (Questionable US Fish and Wildlife sting operation against US falconers)
		"Operation Defensive Shield" results in these other popular encyclopedia sites:
	www.channelsandnetworks.com /encyclopedia/Special:Allpages/Operation_Defensive_Shield (170 words)

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