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Topic: Operation Provide Relief

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	Operation Restore Hope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Restore Hope was an American military operation with the support of the United Nations which was formed to deliver humanitarian aid and restore order to the African nation of Somalia which was suffering from a severe famine, general anarchy, and domination by a number of warlords following the collapse of Siad Barre's Marxist government.
		After President Clinton was inaugurated, in supporting the UN, he decided to reduce the number of troops to be replaced by UN troops and to hand over the lead to the UN.
		This made the operation a failure and the UN therefore asked its members for assistance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Restore_Hope (846 words)

	4. Operations Restore Hope and Continue Hope, Somalia:
		Operating under a UN mandate, UNITAF's mission was to secure relief operations in the assigned Humanitarian Relief Sectors, with the United States responsible for four of the nine of them.
		Providing care to Somali nationals (refugees) or to relief workers operating within the theater was not part of this medical mission.
		By providing care to the civilian population, the medical staff were able to treat conditions and operate on wounds they would not normally see stateside, which, in turn, made AMEDD personnel better prepared to deal with the combat casualties they saw later on.
	www.rand.org /publications/MR/MR773/MR773.chap4.html (9526 words)

	Operation Provide Relief
		Operation Provide Relief in Somalia began in August 1992, when the White House announced US military transports would support the multinational United Nations relief effort in Somalia.
		Ten C-130s and 400 people deployed to Mombasa, Kenya, during Operation Provide Relief, airlifting aid to remote areas in Somalia to reduce reliance on truck convoys.
		The operation was successful in stopping the famine and saving an estimated 200,000 lives, as well as de-escalating the high-intensity civil war into low-level, local skirmishes.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/provide_relief.htm (189 words)

	History of United States Central Command (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Its initial tasks were to conduct airfield and security surveys, establish communications, provide for flight clearances, and coordinate assistance with relief agencies.
		USCENTCOM led a multinational coalition known as the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), whose mission was to provide security for key transportation and distribution centers, insure security of relief convoys and of relief organization operations, and assist those relief organizations.
		Its task was to meet the unprecedented challenge of performing peacemaking operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
	www.centcom.mil /Aboutus/history7.htm (426 words)

	Humanitarian Relief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To bring relief to the refugees and encourage them to return home, the United States initiated Operation Provide Comfort in April 1991.
		At the end of the year, President Bush replaced Provide Relief with Operation Restore Hope, sending ground forces to Somalia to restrain gangs who threatened a fair distribution of the airlifted food.
		Several natural disasters also have produced gargantuan relief efforts: cyclones in Bangladesh; Mount Pinatubo volcano eruption in the Philippines; an earthquake in India; hurricanes in Florida and the Virgin Islands; Typhoons in Hawaii and Guam; floods in the U.S. midwest; and forest fires from Colorado to California, to name a few.
	www.af.mil /history/spotlight.asp?storyID=123009451 (587 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Provide job induction to GL assistant officer(s) and ensure that all staff in supervisory assignments provide job inductions to their staff.
		Provide information to the units about how GL will be handled during the disaster relief operation and how the records will be handled when the relief operation closes.
		Establish regular contact with the GL officer at the disaster relief operation headquarters and the liaison at the district or county EOC.
	www.tallytown.com /redcross/dsp/form3062AD.doc (5933 words)

	Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned, II. Operational Lessons Learned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In peace operations, these measures should not normally be expressed in terms of enemy killed and wounded or kilometers of ground taken; if they are, this is itself an indicator that the peace operation has changed in ways that should call into question both the mission and the mandate.
		Airlift is critical to a peace operation for two reasons: in most cases it is the fastest way to respond to a crisis and, until the arrival of sealift, it is the only way to sustain the initial deployments of peacekeepers.
		In future operations, however, commanders may want to gear their intelligence and other information collection systems—including the front-line soldier—to collect as well on those indicators signalling the direction in which the operation is heading.
	www.oberlin.edu /library/test/somalia/allardch2.html (12452 words)

	The U.S. Army in Somalia, 1992-1994
		The Army began by assisting in relief operations in Somalia, but by December 1992 it was deeply engaged on the ground in Operation RESTORE HOPE in that chaotic African country.
		The main challenge to the smooth flow of relief supplies continued to be the rivalry between feuding warlords, particularly between the forces of General Muhammed Farah Aideed of the Habr Gidr subclan and Ali Mahdi Mohamed of the Abgal subclan in Mogadishu.
		The main operational objectives of SOF in Somalia were to make initial contact with indigenous factions and leaders, provide information to UNITAF on potentially hostile forces to aid in force protection, and provide area assessments to assist with planning for future relief and security operations.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/Somalia/Somalia.htm (7162 words)

	Operation Restore Hope
		During Operation Restore Hope, USCENTCOM was the unified command.
		Operation Restore Hope demonstrated the usefulness of engineers in operations other than war.
		Because the operation was purely ‘humanitarian’ with no long-term aims, the CMOC lacked enough Army Civil Affairs personnel.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/restore_hope.htm (1552 words)

	U.S. Relief Efforts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In response to the worsening famine, the United States decided to assist the relief efforts by airlifting food from nearby Kenya to remote airfields in the interior of Somalia for distribution, thus bypassing congested ports and reducing the need to send out easily looted convoys.
		PROVIDE RELIEF was thus a limited attempt to use U.S. expertise in logistics to help the relief effort without engaging American military forces on the ground.
		Their mission was to ensure that relief supplies reached the people who needed them and thus to âbreak the cycleâ of starvation and save lives.
	www.armedforces.net /Detailed/939.html (341 words)

	Chapter 5 - 1993 DAHSUM
		International aid organizations operating in Somalia were frustrated by the local conditions and had to hire armed guards or pay tribute to protect food supplies from rival clansmen who used the food to reward their own followers.
		Operation PROVIDE PROMISE, the Army's humanitarian assistance and support to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in areas of the former Republic of Yugoslavia, began in July 1992.
		During Operation RESTORE HOPE, the effort to bring order and distribute food in Somalia, SOF took part in the hunt for rebel leader Aideed, and civil affairs troops were vital for the U.S. effort to create conditions for long-term stability in Somalia.
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/DAHSUM/1993/ch05.htm (6761 words)

	USAF Museum - USAF 50th Anniversary - 1990s Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		of relief supplies, four dogs trained to detect survivors under rubble, and a rescue team to the Republic of the Philippines after earthquake strikes islands.
		Provides relief supplies to Sarejevo, Bosnia and becomes the longest sustained humanitarian airlift in history.
		AMC aircraft fly 118 passengers and 18 tons of cargo to Kwajalein Atoll in Marshall Islands, for care and feeding of 535 Chinese refugees rescued from a freighter.
	www.wpafb.af.mil /cgi-bin/quiz.pl/50th/event90.htm (1936 words)

	FM 100-23-1 Appendix A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The operation began on 5 April 1991 and quickly evolved into a combined humanitarian intervention effort involving supplies and military efforts of over 30 nations and 21,000 troops (7,000 from the US).
		The 2d FSSG provided the nucleus for the JTF HQ, and the total force exceeded 1,200 personnel (300 Marines, over 700 Army, 150 Air Force, and local personnel from the Navy Base and Marine Barracks).
		In late August 1992, the Operation Provide Relief JTF under the command of BG Libutti (USMC) arrived in Mombasa, Kenya.
	www.vnh.org /FM100-23-1/Appa.htm (1012 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		The U.S. experience of Somalia provides a searing reminder of the need for careful advance planning and a long-term commitment by the United States before U.S. military and civil agencies embark on humanitarian relief or reconstruction.
		The plan was to quickly establish order, see that the civil relief organizations were functioning, and then turn operations over to a "blue beret" force of U.N. peacekeepers.
		Airlift operations continued, and relief supplies were unloaded at seaports and moved safely to points inland.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/apr_03_78.php (2459 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: FM 100-23-1: HA Multiservice Procedures for Humanitaria: Appendix B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Such was the case during Operation Provide Relief, when third-country staging and forwarding of relief supplies was a major issue.
		For HA operations, naval commanders may be tasked to provide assistance outside the bounds of existing guidelines.
		In some HA operations, military forces are authorized to use all necessary means to facilitate the flow of relief supplies.
	www.vnh.org /FM100-23-1/Appb.htm (1098 words)

	Berlin Airlift Facts & Figures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Provide Comfort II, a show of force to deter new Iraqi attacks on the Kurds, began 24 July 1991 and had only limited humanitarian aspects to its mission.
		Operation Provide Hope II, a long-term effort to aid cities in the former Soviet Union, began.
		By the end of the operation, US European Command transferred a total of 25,000 short tons of food and medicine from European stockpiles to 33 cities in the former Soviet Union, most of it by commercial freight.
	www.usafe.af.mil /berlin/humanop2.htm (3397 words)

	315th Airlift Wing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Airlift Wing is to provide trained personnel to be a source of augmentation for the active forces in any emergency expansion of the Air Force strategic and aeromedical airlift capability.
		AW has three major functional areas and nineteen subordinate units, which operate under the direction of three group commanders.
		areas are operations, logistics, support and aeromedical evacuation.
	www.afrc.af.mil /315aw/315.History.htm (157 words)

	DefenseLINK News: The Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Timeline
		Operation Desert Storm and air war phase begins, 3 a.m., Jan. 17, 1991 (Jan. 16, 7 p.m.
		Relief supplies delivered: 4,416.6 tons by ground transports and 12,683.2 tons in 3,901 air sorties.
		U.S. relief: 4.79 million prepackaged ration meals and 2,687.5 tons of bulk food; 200,717 gallons of water; 211,788 blankets; and 23,500 tents.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Aug2000/n08082000_20008088.html (754 words)

	MSC Timeline 1990-1999
		August 1992 MSC ships provided relief supplies to the victims of Hurricane Mitch in southern Florida.
		MSC ships rescued migrants at sea, established tent camps providing food, shelter and medical care to Haitian refugees by supporting Operation Sea Signal, Operation Support Democracy and Operation Uphold Democracy in and around the Caribbean.
		1998 MSC hauled relief cargo to the victims of Hurricane George in Puerto Rico and Antigua.
	www.msc.navy.mil /n00p/9099.htm (960 words)

	Operation Restore Hope, Battle of Mogadishu,1993
		He wrote that the Task Force Ranger had adequate intelligence for the mission and that their objective (capturing targets from the Olympic Hotel) was met.
		What began as a peacekeeping mission to provide relief to the starving people of Somalia essentially ended with a firefight during the Battle of Mogadishu.
		Frontline, which aired a program entitled “Ambush in Mogadishu.” This site details the program and adds further specifics regarding the problems between the United States military and the Clinton Administration during the early years of President Clinton’s tenure. Unfortunately, these clashes caught U.S. troops in the middle, most visibly during the Battle of Mogadishu.
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/Events/Somalia93/Somalia93.html (1188 words)

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