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Topic: Operation Restore Hope

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	OPERATION RESTORE HOPE (SOMALIA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Colonial Legacy in Somalia: Rome and Mogadishu: From Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope.
		Operation Restore Hope, pp 4-8 and Conclusions, pp 16-18.
		Operation Restore Hope is one of the operations examined.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/resthope.htm (1734 words)

	Operation Restore Hope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United Nations intervention in Somalia (code-named Operation Restore Hope) was a United Nations–sanctioned United States military operation from December 3, 1992 to May 4, 1993.
		The operation planned to avert a growing humanitarian disaster in the increasingly lawless Republic of Somalia, which was suffering from severe famine, general chaos, and domination by a number of warlords following the collapse of Siad Barre's Marxist government.
		The hunt for Aidid and his lieutenants then began, leading to the Battle of Mogadishu, resulting in - according to U.S. estimates - the death of 500-1000 Somalian millitia and civilians, the death of 18 American soldiers, and 73 were wounded, and the death of one Malaysian soldier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Restore_Hope (1088 words)

	To Save the Starving, Internationalize the Peacekeeping Force in Somalia
		The operation's goal is to afford the security necessary to suppress Somalia's famine.
		Operation Restore Hope is entirely different because the lives of U.S. troops are being placed in direct risk.
		The world at least should help to pay for part of an operation in which many Americans are risking their lives.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/BG922.cfm (2887 words)

	4. Operations Restore Hope and Continue Hope, Somalia:
		Unlike in the Balkans, where U.S. forces were part of a coalition, in Operations Restore Hope (ORH) and Continue Hope (OCH) the United States was the primary actor in the humanitarian and peace enforcement mission undertaken by the UN in Somalia.
		Operating under a UN mandate, UNITAF's mission was to secure relief operations in the assigned Humanitarian Relief Sectors, with the United States responsible for four of the nine of them.
		Although this was a humanitarian action, throughout ORH and OCH the mission was characterized by constant sniper fire, punctuated by periods of combat.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR773/MR773.chap4.html (9526 words)

	United States Marine Corps - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The maneuver warfare doctrine upon which the Corps is organized and the nature of the operations of which the Corps has traditionally been a part causes it to place a premium on decentralized decision-making and the individual abilities of leaders at all levels.
		The Marines operated in the northern I Corps regions of South Vietnam and fought both a constant guerilla war against the NLF and an off and on conventional war against NVA regulars.
		On October 23, 1983, a Marine barracks in Lebanon was bombed, causing the highest peacetime losses to the Corps in its history (220 Marines of the 24th MAU were killed) and leading to the American withdrawal from Lebanon.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Marine_Corps (9865 words)

	Operation Restore Hope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Operation Restore Hope Australia Ltd is Dr. Darryl Hodgkinson's international charity mission, a private surgical foundation that provides plastic and other speciality surgical services to less privileged persons, especially children in developing countries.
		Operation Restore Hope Australia is now well established in Cebu, the second largest city in the Philippines.
		Fundraising is becoming an increasingly important part of Operation Restore Hope Australia, as the mission requires that Dr. Hodgkinson and his team take every suture, medication, glove, piece of equipment etc. with them to the Philippines.
	cosmeticsurgeryoz.com /opresthope/mission.htm (293 words)

	Essays 2000
		A follow-on operation, led by the UN with substantial U.S. military participation, was to be assigned the political tasks of national reconciliation.
		The operation would have paid more attention to the more peaceful regions of Somalia, such as the northwest and the northeast, on which the stability of the country might have been rebuilt but which were less in need of emergency relief than was the warring south.
		Oakley and Hirsch, Somalia and Operation Restore Hope, 43.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/books/books_2000/Essays2000/FOX.HTML (4409 words)

	Africa - Past Deployments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Operation Focus Relief was the U.S. European Command contribution to United Nations peacekeeping operations in Sierra Leone.
		Operation Atlas Response, previously named Operation Silent Promise, was the U.S. European Command's contribution to relief efforts following torrential rains and flooding in southern Mozambique and South Africa.
		Operation Restore Hope and Operation United Shield."In December 1992, under Operation Restore Hope, U.S. forces were deployed to Somalia to secure an airfield and key installations, provide security for the safe passage of relief supplies and offer humanitarian assistance.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /past_deploy/africa/past_africa.shtml (256 words)

	Remember > History Of Sacrifice > Somalia
		A joint and multinational operation, Restore Hope--called UNITAF (unified task force)--was a U.S.-led, UN-sanctioned operation that included protection of humanitarian assistance and other peace-enforcement operations.
		While the U.S. failed to acknowledge the political dimensions of the situation at the highest political levels (which would lead to tragic results in the second phase, UNOSOM II), Operation Restore Hope was nevertheless a humanitarian success.
		Operation Restore Hope became more than just another headline for those soldiers landing at Mogadishu's Airport.
	www.remember.gov /HistoryOfSacrifice/Somalia/tabid/91/Default.aspx (319 words)

	The U.S. and U.N. in Somalia: Show Transcript
		Although various international relief groups tried delivering food and other humanitarian aid, their efforts were thwarted by continued fighting among the clans, many of which used food as a weapon by stealing, hoarding, and denying it to the people.
		It was this continued fighting and starvation which led to Operation Restore Hope, the intervention commanded and controlled by the United States that lasted from December 1992 through May 1993.
		If you're talking about search and clear operations, where you cordon of entire blocks of Mogadishu and sweep through, you're not going to get all the arms that are buried in people's backyards, that are buried out in the country.
	www.cdi.org /adm/713/transcript.html (3778 words)

	Somalia - Operation Restore Hope
		To ensure that the application of psychological operations would be consistent and that PSYOP assets could be responsive to a broad spectrum of operational requirements, a Joint PSYOP Task Force (JPOTF) was formed and placed under the operational control of the UNITAF Commander.
		The JPOTF also hired thirty local Somalis, who by the end of Operation Restore Hope, were trained and ready to form the nucleus of the PSYOP newspaper and radio broadcast functions for the United nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) II.
		In mid-January 1993, for example, A Marine operation directed against an area of the city known as the Argentine arms market used loudspeaker teams to inform local residents of the operation and to request their support and non-interference.
	www.psywarrior.com /somalia.html (1203 words)

	Operation Restore Hope: Restoring hope through a better smile - Australian Embassy
		Dubbed as Operation Restore Hope, the Australian surgical charity commenced from 19-24 February at the President Diosdado Macapagal Medical Centre in Caloocan City.
		“Through Operation Restore Hope, indigent children and young adults who already face so much adversity in their daily existence are given a better chance in life,” Amb Hely said.
		Since it began in 1994, Operation Restore Hope has already treated over 1,000 persons with cleft lip and palate, burn or tumours or ulcers of the skin.
	www.australia.com.ph /mnla/mr02.html (431 words)

	Operation Restore Hope Oral Interview RHIT JHT 048 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		MAJ WRIGHT: This is an Operation RESTORE HOPE interview being conducted 26 February 1993 at Army Forces Somalia Headquarters in the U.S. Embassy Compound, Mogadishu.
		And the constant inputs that you get and the lessons learned that you get every one at this point in the operation is that the mistake that the CG of the 10th Mountain Division and ARFOR made was that he failed deploy early and then fill in the blank.
		Instead of combat operations boundaries, the map was drawn up back in Pendleton and the Marine planners at that time decided to do it based on hot spot areas that they knew about.
	www.army.mil /CMH-pg/matrix/10MD/JRHIT-048.htm (8768 words)

	The Austin Chronicle News: More Hope Restored
		Operation Restore Hope is the brainchild of the NCAC leaders – Cmdr. Robert Gross, Lt. Randy Pasley, and Sgt. Will Beechinor – who worked together on a plan to address North Central's pockets of neglect-blighted neighborhoods.
		Further, the NC7 are currently exploring the possibility of creating a neighborhood park on Brownie Drive, which Hellums said they hope to dedicate to the memory of a dead infant found discarded in a drainage pipe near there.
		A new APD approach to distressed neighborhoods was the seed of North Central's Operation Restore Hope
	www.austinchronicle.com /gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid:220200 (452 words)

	RESTORE HOPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The operation, code-named RESTORE HOPE, began on 8 December 1992 under the direction of a Unified Task Force, or UNITAF.
		The main challenge to the smooth flow of relief supplies continued to be the rivalry between feuding warlords, particularly between the forces of General Muhammed Farah Aideed of the Habr Gidr subclan and Ali Mahdi Mohamed of the Abgal subclan in Mogadishu.
		The main operational objectives of SOF in Somalia were to make initial contact with indigenous factions and leaders, provide information to UNITAF on potentially hostile forces to aid in force protection, and provide area assessments to assist with planning for future relief and security operations.
	www.armedforces.net /Detailed/940.html (1812 words)

	List of Events in Somalia
		US Special Operations AC-130 Spectre gunships attack six targets in capital city of Mogadishu.
		Bravo Company, 3rd Ranger Battalion.,75th Regiment, Delta Force members, pilots of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, Companies A and C 2nd Bn.
		He is a major figure in U.S. Army special operations.
	www.geocities.com /Somaliaveteran/info.html (1328 words)

	Battle of Mogadishu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Provide Relief began in August 1992, when the Bush White House announced that U.S. military transports would support the multinational UN relief effort in Somalia.
		A key moment in the operation was when the mission shifted from delivering food supplies to nation-building.
		When the operation was over and the smoke had cleared, more than 50 of the clan elders, the oldest and most respected in their community, were dead[1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/October_3_1993_Battle_of_Mogadishu (3223 words)

	One Decade Later - Debacle in Somalia
		The shift to Operation Restore Hope caught it entirely by surprise, and those involved resisted the mission.
		While admitting that the Special Operations Forces (SOF) were elitist and did not like to coordinate very much, he thought the coordination was acceptable and his relationship with Major General William Garrison, the SOF commander, was a strong one.
		This operation, related Admiral Gunn, had all the potential to be the first amphibious withdrawal under fire since the Korean War.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,NI_Somalia_0104,00.html (3885 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In December 1992, a UN peacekeeping force led by about 2,000 United States Marines was sent to restore order, while international agencies attempted the difficult task of resuming food distribution and other humanitarian aid.
		A number of UN soldiers were killed and, under international pressure critical of its operations, the UN force was withdrawn in 1994.
		Warring Somali clan leaders had been unable to find any common ground for agreement and international relief organizations were forced to suspend operations because of widespread looting.
	www.arab.net /somalia/so_hope.htm (235 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		President Bush is pleased by the success of the initial landing phase of Operation Restore Hope in Somalia.
		General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said Operation Restore Hope was on schedule and proceeding well.
		Forces from several countries are being integrated into the overall operation.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1992/92120801.html (204 words)

	Unified Task Force Somalia. Psychological Operations in Support of Operation Restore Hope: 9 December 92 - 4 May 93 ...
		Psychological Operations in Support of Operation Restore Hope: 9 December 92 - 4 May 93 (FPO AP: 4 May 1993) 23 p.
		The basic premise of the operation was to stop the starvation, restore security and prepare to handoff the operation to a follow-on UN force, which would attend to the longer term goals..."]
		Operation Restore Hope, the Military Operations in Somalia Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, 102nd Congress, second session, December 9, 1992 (Washington, DC: USGPO, 1993) 37 p.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-po/peace/clarke/u.html (3436 words)

	OperationHope.org - Project Restore HOPE - Hurricane Katrina
		Operation HOPE to work with the Clinton Foundation, ACORN...
		This organizational structure will utilize a trained network of HOPE Corps volunteers to provide financial infomation, guidance and other services by phone and in Disaster Recovery Centers operated by FEMA to those who are directly affected by this devastating storm.
		Project Restore HOPE/Small Business is a partnership between Operation HOPE and the U.S. Small Business Administration to bring relief to small businesses affected by Hurricane Katrina.
	www.operationhope.org /smdev/clst4.php?id=725 (362 words)

	Deployments - Somalia - Operation United Shield - Background
		In March 1995, under Operation United Shield, the U.S. military assisted in the final withdrawal of all United Nations peacekeeping troops from Somalia.
		Operation United Shield assisted the withdrawal of United Nations peacekeeping troops from Somalia.
		Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among deployed us military personnel in support of operation iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom.
	www.pdhealth.mil /deployments/united_shield/background.asp (478 words)

	UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA I - (UNOSOM I)
		The United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM I) was set up to facilitate humanitarian aid to people trapped by civil war and famine.
		The Secretary-General then recommended the establishment of a United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM), comprising 50 military observers to monitor the cease-fire, and a 500-strong infantry unit to provide United Nations convoys of relief supplies with a sufficiently strong military escort to deter attack and to fire in self-defence, showed deterrence proving ineffective.
		The presence and operations of UNITAF had a positive impact on the security situation in Somalia and on the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance.
	www.un.org /Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosomi.htm (1972 words)

	UNOSOM II: Operation CONTINUE HOPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The resolution underlined the charters of the first UNOSOM mission and Operation RESTORE HOPE and that of the new mission, UNOSOM II.
		Immediately, UNOSOM II Force Command focused its intelligence and operational capability on locating, capturing, and arresting Aideed and any of his supporters whom it deemed responsible for the attacks of June and July.
		During one of these operations, a raid near Digfer Hospital on 21 September, Osman Atto, one of Aideed’s closest advisers and his chief financial aide, was captured.
	www.militaryedu.com /Detailed/941.html (2941 words)

	TIME.com: Great Expectations -- Dec. 21, 1992 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Though it had barely begun, the U.S. operation had already raised great expectations among Somalis that peace might actually come to a starving land that had been ruled for the past two years by rival clans and wild kids with guns.
		The U.S. troops, backed by soldiers from 10 other nations, are digging in to do a job that their leaders suggest will end in a matter of weeks or at most a few months.
		The Bush Administration has repeatedly stated that the sole objective of Operation Restore Hope is to open up a food pipeline to feed the starving, not to wage war on the country's armed gangs or impose political solutions.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,977286,00.html (736 words)

	Operation Restore Hope, Battle of Mogadishu,1993
		Frontline, which aired a program entitled “Ambush in Mogadishu.” This site details the program and adds further specifics regarding the problems between the United States military and the Clinton Administration during the early years of President Clinton’s tenure. Unfortunately, these clashes caught U.S. troops in the middle, most visibly during the Battle of Mogadishu.
		Carter Center has a web site that identifies Former President Carter’s activities in the role of mediator during both Operation Restore Hope and the Battle of Mogadishu.
		Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. Atlantic Monthly Press. This is the most comprehensive account of the Battle of Mogadishu. The story is told through the eyes of the U.S. troops that fought during the battle and is based on interviews of combatants on both sides, video, and radio transcripts.
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/Events/Somalia93/Somalia93.html (1188 words)

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