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Topic: Operation Smiling Buddha

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	Operation Shakti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Shakti refers to the second round of nuclear tests conducted by India on May 11 and May 13, 1998.
		It was popularly referred to as "The Buddha smiles again." In contrast with their first test, Operation Smiling Buddha, this series of tests were of purportedly militarized nuclear devices, including one which was claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (though many non-Indian experts find this claim unlikely).
		In fact, after Operation Smiling Buddha, Canada ceased exporting nuclear materials and technology to India; the two licensed CANDU reactors in India began operation in 1972, before India had conducted any nuclear tests.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Shakti (263 words)

	Buddha Buddhism Religion: On Nirvana (Truth) Karma (Interconnection) Metaphysics Philosophy of Buddhism Religion
		Buddha was very close to understanding Reality as he knew that Matter was both Impermanent and Interconnected; The world is continuous flux and is impermanent (Buddha) and as Fritjof Capra writes; The Eastern mystics see the universe as an inseparable web, whose interconnections are dynamic and not static (Capra).
		The Buddha taught that ‘all compounded things are impermanent’, and that all suffering in the world arises from our trying to cling to fixed forms- objects, people or ideas- instead of accepting the world as it moves and changes.
		Buddha taught, encouraged and stimulated each person to develop themselves and work out their own emancipation, for humans have the power to liberate themselves from all bondage through their own personal effort and intelligence.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Buddha-Buddhism-Religion-Nirvana.htm (12467 words)

	Articles - NRX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		NRX was a heavy water moderated, light water cooled, nuclear research reactor at the Canadian Chalk River Laboratories, which experienced one of the world's first major reactor accidents 12 December 1952.
		The reactor began operation on 22 July 1947 under the National Research Council of Canada, and was taken over by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) shortly before the 1952 accident.
		First, the water slows down (moderates) the neutrons which are produced by nuclear fission, increasing the chances of the high energy neutrons causing further fission reactions.
	www.techize.com /articles/NRX (633 words)

	The Buddha and His Teaching - Narada - 43
		When Māra questioned the Buddha rather sarcastically whether He was hungry or not, the Buddha solemnly explained the mental attitude of those who are free from Impediments, and replied:-- "Ah, happily do we live, we who have no Impediments.
		On another occasion the Buddha and His disciples observed vassa (rainy period) in a village at the invitation of a brahmin, who, however, completely forgot his duty to attend to the needs of the Buddha and the Sangha.
		With a smiling face the Buddha patiently endured the insult and the Buddha's innocence was proved.
	www.buddhanet.net /budsas/ebud/budtch/budteach43.htm (4240 words)

	[No title]
		This test, code named "Smiling Buddha", was located at 27.095 deg N, 71.752 E, which is usually identified as being "Pokaharan" (or "Pokhran"), the name of a town that is 24.8 km southeast from the test site.
		Not only was the Smiling Buddha device designed and largely fabricated there, but the plutonium was produced at BARC by irradiating uranium samples in the Canadian-supplied 40 MW CIR (Canadian-Indian Reactor) heavy water research reactor (also called Cirus).
		This reactor began operating in 1960 and can produce 6.6-10.5 kg of plutonium a year (at a capacity factor of 50-80%).
	dr.abdulqadeer.8m.net /india.htm (2008 words)

	Asia Times
		Dixit's riposte to establishment claims from Islamabad that India was engaging in "uncivilized behavior" against minorities is that "this criterion should be suitably applied to Muslim rulers, beginning from Mahmud Ghaznavi to Aurangzeb and latter-day rulers of Pakistan".
		Operation Brasstacks (1987), the nearest the two sides had come to war since 1971, was a classic example of the heightened mistrust between India and Pakistan that emerged out of Zia's machinations.
		Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan's "revelation" to Kuldip Nayar in March 1987 that Pakistan possessed the atomic bomb was an orchestrated attempt at coercive diplomacy by Zia, further warning India that Pakistan was going the nuclear route to change the dynamics of the Kashmir contest.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/DI14Df04.html (2476 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: CANDU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The efficiency is also increased because of the in-operation refuelling mechanism permits the fuel assemblies to be shuffled to the most efficient parts of the reactor core as their reactivity changes.
		This reactor operated successfully for many years, and may be less expensive, more reliable and even safer than a classic CANDU reactor because the oil circulated at much lower pressures than the steam, and was less corrosive.
		There is a common misconception that the plutonium for India's Operation Smiling Buddha nuclear test was produced in a CANDU-like design; in fact the plutonium was produced in a reactor based on the NRX design.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=CANDU (1458 words)

	[No title]
		They were both built like those smiling Buddha-type statues you can find down the coast in San Shanghai, 'cept these two wore more clothes, didn't smile and didn't look like they'd give you good luck if you rubbed their bellies.
		When he asked if she would be interested in a little horizontal tango to "relieve the tension" she'd looked at him as if he was a Matrix deck with "Made in America" stamped on its side.
		The pale dress she wore was fashionably short and revealed legs I was almost willing to die for, but she quickly cloaked herself with a dark wool blanket to ward off the chill air.
	www.textfiles.com /stories/sqzply.txt (10010 words)

	CNS - Selected Indian Nuclear Facilities
		It has operated at full capacity just 21 percent of the time, which is lower than both the India-wide average of 49 percent and the world average of 70 percent.(180) RAPS-1 has been particularly plagued by a crack in its end-shield that caused the reactor to be shutdown for much of the 1980s.
		Throughout their history, the MAPS-1 and -2 reactors have performed reasonably well by Indian standards, having operated at full capacity 51 and 54 percent of the time, respectively.(210) While this is better than the India-wide average of 49 percent, it is still significantly less than the world average of 70 percent.
		Throughout their lifetimes, NAPS-1 and -2 have operated at 42 and 52 percent efficiency, respectively, compared to an India-wide average of 49 percent and a world average of 70 percent.(312) One reason for the low output was the difficulty the plants had in the initial years of operation.
	cns.miis.edu /research/india/nuclear.htm (12336 words)

	Bill Jacklin \| Modern Painters
		The head of a Buddha was the centre-piece of some of the coloured paintings, dark, still and slightly glowing.
		Although one might surmise that the artist is temperamentally on the side of those who stay outside the repressions of order, and that he is aware of the sufferings and the occasional nobility of those on the margins of society, it has to be said that there is nothing judgemental or moralistic about his work.
		I am reminded of the smiling Buddha of the early still lives, the Buddha for whom order and disorder, good and evil, suffering and pleasure are all parts of existence, and all to be accepted in their own way, as fleeting appearances.
	www.bjacklin.com /essays/modernpainters.html (1654 words)

	India's Nuclear Weapons Program - Smiling Buddha: 1974
		Initial estimates were that the plant could be put back into operation within a year, but by late 1972 it was clear that another year or more would be required before it could again produce separated plutonium.
		Chengappa relates that the story that Sethna passed on the message to Dhar with the code phrase "The Buddha is smiling" is probably a myth [Chengappa 2000; pg.
		The "Smiling Buddha" device was manufactured from plutonium produced at the Cirus reactor at BARC.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /India/IndiaSmiling.html (3237 words)

	The Kathmandu Post (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The six feet tall and 31 inch wide concrete structure of Buddha sitting in the Padmaasan position has become the centre of attraction in the prison these days.
		For him, Buddha in prison is not his first statue.
		Meanwhile, a technician at the regional NTC office said that the system would be brought into operation, within a week, after required repair and maintenance works were undertaken.
	www.kantipuronline.com /archive/kpost/2003-7-1/kp_valnation.htm (3552 words)

	CANDU reactor - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Canada is a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which requires states to agree not to produce nuclear weapons in order to purchase CANDU designs (which are in use or being built in China, South Korea, Argentina, India, Pakistan, and Romania).
		All CANDU reactors operate under IAEA safeguards that ensure their compliance with that UN agency's global non-proliferation standard.
		Some large CANDU installations use surplus power to operate their own small deuterium separation plants, to upgrade the heavy water inventory and reduce costs.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Candu (1275 words)

	The Buddha Smiled - Selected Writings by Nadesan Satyendra
		It may also happen that one witnesses rare and difficult undertakings and thus is caused to smile".
		India's first nuclear test, carried out in May 1974, was code named the 'Smiling Buddha'.
		Twenty four years later, the fall out from the series of nuclear tests carried out by India in May 1998, has served to expose the many faces (smiling, or otherwise) of the emerging multi polar world.
	www.tamilnation.org /saty/9806buddhasmiled.htm (4067 words)

	Sinister Dexterity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The goal of Buddhism is not to earn Buddha's approval, but to be a Buddha.
		The goal of Gnostic Christianity is not to do as Jesus (or his self-appointed proxies) said, but to be as Jesus was (is?), to release and realize the Christ within.
		You take the seat that some well-dressed friend of relative leads you to, and then you sit there smiling (and optionally crying) until you are dismissed to file out and throw rice or glitter or something.
	sinisterdexterity.crimsonblog.com /archives20021101.html (8128 words)

	Loyal Opposition - Hawaii Five-0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Distracted by a yawn, Dan Williams smiled to himself, wondering if Steve and Sally were going to evolve into an 'item'.
		Smiling, the big man slapped his hand on the arm of the chair.
		His first impulse was to go in and personally oversee the operation.
	www.solosojourn.com /h5loyal.html (13576 words)

	JamBands.com - Online Music Magazine
		Not only did Conehead Buddha do just that for me with their fifth CD, "Rockets", but after listening to it just once, I found myself to also be in tremendously high spirits.
		Part of what is so appealing about "Rockets" is that it seems to disassociate completely from what could be considered 'just another jam band.' This release scurries away from the somewhat boring normality of other bands' releases and has the potential to take the listener on a fun and bouncy musical rollercoaster.
		I have never had the chance to see Conehead Buddha live, but I can imagine that they have just as much -- if not more -- energy as what has been seeping through my speakers during what is now my third listening of "Rockets" in a row.
	www.jambands.com /apr00/monthly/cdreviews.html (16143 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		Ironically it was named 'Smiling Buddha - a Hindu homage to the great saint who preached nonviolence.
		The Western friends of India responded to the smile of the 'Smiling Buddha' by putting sanctions against Pakistan.
		This opened Pakistan's eyes and, therefore, to safeguard its existence as a free nation it had to undertake a realistic programme to acquire a modest nuclear capability.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Opinion/2000/Jan/07/02.html (1185 words)

	Buddha Bobbleheads
		Hotei Buddah, or as he is also called The Laughing Buddha, inspires us to bring joy and happiness in our lives.
		Always seen smiling or laughing, this ancient Buddha would most definitely enjoy the humor of being a bobblehead!
		In keeping with the Buddha's teachings and the gift of his smiles and laughter, 10% of all gross profits will go to the non-profit organization Operation Smile.
	www.buddhabobbleheads.com (76 words)

	[No title]
		Actually, a smiling Buddha, a vitriolic Jyoti Basu, a band of super-efficient lower rung leaders who ensure single digit votes for opponents in hundreds of polling booths, are all parts of a well thought out gameplan.
		I agree with Mukherjee that the “smile on the beaming face may be shortlived”, but for an altogether different reason.
		The smiling face will not have to be put on for the next four years and ten months.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1010525/editoria.htm (6828 words)

	Higo Blog
		I must point out that there are many more nice old people there are on the train who are greatful whenever you give up your seat, but it's the cantankerous old hags and old sloppy drunk dudes that are the most memorable.
		It was fascinating to see the game being played by such high level players, to observe how the balances between trickery, speed, flexibility, acrobatics, and strength affect the mood and pacing of the game.
		Though sometimes it is appropriate to strike another player and to inflict injury, mostly the participants do not play to hurt each other, and rather just demonstrate moves rather than carry a potentially dangerous kick or sweep to completion.
	www.cosmicbuddha.com /adam (9132 words)

	China Tours - China Travel - China Travel Tour - China Travel Guide - China Travel Service - China Custom Tours
		The Wofo Temple, or the Temple of the Recumbent Buddha, is a Tang Buddhist Establishment enshrined with China's largest statue of a recumbent image of Sakyamuni cast of 54 tons of bronze and 5.3 metres in length.
		One of them, the Lingguan (Divine Light) Temple, is enshrined with a tooth of the Buddha, the Eight Great Sites today has been converted into a public park where the natural beauty of the scenery remains largely unperturbed.
		Among the treasures in these halls is a 26-metre-tall statue of Maitreya (the Smiling Buddha), which is carved out of a single sandalwood trunk.
	www.chinacustomtours.com /city/beijing.html (4147 words)

	Pak helped Al-Qaeda set up Afghan shop,Indian Subcontinent, News Analysis, India News Online
		Pakistan helped Al-Qaeda members launch their operations in Afghanistan in the 1990s and even secretly ran a major training camp used by Osama bin Laden’s terror network, according to US intelligence documents made public in Washington.
		That the defeat of the democratic socialist forces could destroy the liberal-secular sub-culture of Afghanistan, which was part of the mainstream pan-Asian culture, was none of their concern.
		Once Gorbachev decided to leave the religion-doped Afghans to their fate, the Americans too withdrew their hands, turning the country of the smiling Buddha into a hotbed of Islamic terrorism.
	news.indiamart.com /news-analysis/pak-helped-al-qaeda--736.html (888 words)

	Chinese militarism \| Ask MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Regardless, we're still a democratic country, far less likely to operate on the whims of a military dictator (hello, Pakistan) and send nukes across the border.
		"smiling buddha" was the codename for the first device India exploded, back in '74.
		Also, a lot of their economical growth and pretty much all diplomatic progress with western countries would be undone by such an operation.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/21498 (7181 words)

	[No title]
		None of its rivals thinks like this, nor do these rivals have the organization and the grass-root network to carry out such an extensive operation over a long period of time.
		The smile on the beaming face may be shortlived.
		Yet even by Indian standards the coming together of sworn enemies, the Shiv Sena and its trade union, the Bharatiya Kamgar Sena, on the one hand and the Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist) and other left parties together with their trade unions on the other, is unprecedented.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1010514/editoria.htm (5740 words)

	PakDef Forums - Pakistan's Nuclear History- Separating Myth from Reality
		Other parallel programs Pakistan started were based on better design parameters to achieve super-critical operating speed that would provide PAEC with wide base of advanced engineering (machine design) experience on which they helped KRL develop future generation of centrifuges.
		India's first nuclear test, known variously as “Smiling Buddha”, the PNE (for “Peaceful Nuclear Explosive”), and most recently Pokhran-I, occurred on May 18, 1974.
		Whatever Khushab's activity and operational parameters it cannot be placed under the IAEA safeguards on the ground that it was a 100 per cent indigenous project.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=6278 (16678 words)

	Disarmament and Peace Education > Timeline
		May 18: India conducts a nuclear test, dubbed the "Smiling Buddha." The government claims it is a peaceful test but it is in fact part of an accelerated weapons program.
		During the six minutes it takes to discover that the attack is not authentic, fighters from bases in the United States and Canada take off, and missile and submarine installations worldwide are placed on alert.
		Israel is on nuclear alert for the duration of the war and apparently threatens nuclear retaliation if Iraq used chemical weapons on the Scud missiles fired at Israeli cities.
	www.gsinstitute.org /dpe/timeline_2.html (5504 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Indian Ambitions and the Limits of American Influence
		The first grew out of an Indian military exercise called "Operation Brasstacks." The second was the result of rising tensions over Kashmir.
		Initially, neither crisis was much acknowledged and Indian spokesmen—such as General K. Sundarjl, the army chief of staff responsible for Operation Brasstacks—tended to deride both events.
		Eventually, this cooperation could be upgraded to permit more extensive exchanges and joint operations for missions such as search and rescue.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/1998_05/kpmy98.asp?print (5921 words)

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