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Topic: Operation Torch

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	Operation Torch November 8, 1942 - World War II Multimedia Database
		Operation Torch was the name given to the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942.
		Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together.
		In the crucible of Operation Torch, the men of Sub-Task Force Goalpost received their baptism of fire capturing the Moroccan town of Port Lyautey.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/torch.htm (587 words)

	Operation Torch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-American invasion of French North Africa in World War II during the North African Campaign, started November 8, 1942.
		Aerial operations were split into two, east of Cape Tenez in Algeria, with British aircraft under Air Marshal Sir William Welsh and west of Cape Tenez, all American aircraft under Major-General James Doolittle under the direct command of General Patton.
		The operation, code named Operation Reservist, failed as the two destroyers were shattered by crossfire from the French vessels there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Torch (2615 words)

	The Ranger Air Group Over Casablanca - Air Group 4
		During OPERATION TORCH, the Ranger was joined with 4 escort carriers, the USS Santee, USS Suwanee, USS Sangamon and USS Chenango, for the North African engagement.
		TORCH was also the first time the Allies used joint planning to forge a major operation, setting the pattern for future invasions, particularly the June 1944 invasion of Europe, and amphibious operations in the Pacific.
		TORCH also firmly established the aircraft carrier and its planes and crews in the close air support role, ready on arrival, and close to the action.
	www.airgroup4.com /torch.htm (2288 words)

	Operation Torch Amphibious Landings
		Operation TORCH consisted of simultaneous landings at three points: Casablanca, 190 miles south of Gibraltar on the Atlantic coast; Oran, 280 miles east of Gibraltar; and Algiers, 220 miles farther east.
		The objective of the operation was to gain control of North Africa from the Atlantic to the Red Sea in coordination with Allied units in Egypt.
		Operation TORCH gave the Allies substantial beachheads in North Africa at rather modest cost, considering the size of forces committed.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/world_war_2_torch.htm (2170 words)

	Torch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The job that General Patton was talking about was Operation Torch, which was the Allied invasion of North Africa that began in the early hours of November 8, 1942.
		Torch was the brainchild of Winston Churchill and Alan Brooke, and they were delighted over acceptance of their strategic plan." (Brueuer, p.
		The second landing, Operation Goalpost was commanded by Major General Lucian Truscott Jr., which had the mission of seizing the strategic port Lyautey, sixty miles northeast of Casablanca.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/WW2Timeline/torch3.html (1937 words)

	OPERATION TORCH: North African Invasion
		The invasion was the first offensive operation that the United States undertook against Germany during World War II and was then the largest amphibious operation ever undertaken.
		The initial objectives of Operation Torch were the capture of the major airfields and ports of North Africa.
		Operation TORCH proved to be the turning point in the Allies' war against Germany.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/OperationTorch.html (3018 words)

	OPERATION TORCH
		The objective of Operation TORCH was to gain complete control of North Africa from French Morocco to Tunisia, trapping Rommel's Afrika Korps between TORCH and the British Eighth Army to the east.
		The Operation TORCH invasion was the first offensive operation that the United States undertook against Germany during World War II.
		Operation TORCH was the beginning of the offensive phase of the war against Germany, with Germany generally remaining on the defensive for the rest of the war.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_history_ww2_ops_battles_1942torch.php (1643 words)

	Torch
		The job that General Patton was talking about was Operation Torch, which was the Allied invasion of North Africa that began in the early hours of November 8, 1942.
		Torch was the brainchild of Winston Churchill and Alan Brooke, and they were delighted over acceptance of their strategic plan." (Brueuer, p.
		This proved to be futile because when Giraud met Eisenhower at Torch's headquarters at Gibraltar on November 7, the French general refused to give the order to his military to cease all resistance unless he commanded the invasion.
	history.sandiego.edu /gen/WW2timeline/torch3.html (1937 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| World War II \| Operation Torch: Allied Invasion of North Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		That landing, code-named "Torch," reflected the results of long and contentious arguments between British and American planners about the future course of Allied strategy -- arguments that were finally stilled by the intervention of the American president, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
		In both a direct and an indirect sense, Torch's impact was enormous on the course of Anglo-American strategy during the remainder of the war.
		In fact, this amphibious operation inevitably postponed the landing in France until 1944, but at the same time it allowed the United States to complete mobilization of its immense industrial and manpower resources for the titanic air and ground battles that characterized the Allied campaigns of 1944.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/world_war_2/3026106.html (2025 words)

	Operation Torch - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		{{Warbox conflict=Operation Torch partof=World War II campaign=North African Campaign image=Image:Torch-troops hit the beaches.jpg caption="Torch" troops hit the beaches near Algiers, behind a large American flag (left), hoping for the French Army not to fire on them.
		Operation Torch was the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa in World War II during the North African Campaign, started November 8 1942.
		The initial forces landed on November 8, 1942 at three points: Safi (Operation Blackstone), Fedala (Operation Brushwood), and Mehedia-Port Lyautey (Operation Goalpost).
	www.voyager.in /Operation_Torch (2481 words)

	Chapter X: The TORCH Period
		Since TORCH was mounted from the United Kingdom and from the United States under General Eisenhower's command, the European Section carried the full load of detailed planning and staff supervision of activities connected with the operation.
		Even the main outlines of the operation were not fixed until early in September, many weeks after the date that would have been acceptable to the zone of interior commands as the latest date for receiving final frozen schedules for the assembly and shipment of troops, equipment, and supplies.
		OPD operations officers were then faced with the decision whether to direct a hurried activation, reorganization, or expansion which OPD had earlier refused to authorize, when proposed by a zone of interior command.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/WCP/ChapterX.htm (9877 words)

	Operation Torch Bearer
		Operation Torch Bearer is an Air Force funded Command Post Exercise (CPX) and emergency services technology test.
		The operation consists of two distinct activities - a command post exercise, consisting of mission staff training, and a group of experiments designed to test five different emergency services technologies.
		Mission Operations Training will use a series of "table top" problems to provide participants with on the job training in the planning, strategy, and tactics of both missing person and missing aircraft searches.
	www.idcnet.com /~mcurry/TorchB/index.html (372 words)

	COMBINEDOPS Op Torch
		Churchill and his Combined Operations planners were closely involved with the Americans in working out the details of Operation Torch.
		Only sailors trained in operating landing craft would carry the troops and their equipment ashore and only craft suitable for the purpose would be used.
		By the spring of 1942 Combined Operations had a virtual monopoly in the skills of amphibious command and this, together with Mountbatten's proven ability and diplomatic approach, led to his promotion to Vice-Admiral and to his appointment to the Chiefs of Staff Committee.
	www.combinedops.com /Torch.htm (3606 words)

	World War 2 Battles -- Atlantic Theater
		Operations over the rest of May 28 were more successful, with a further 16,000 men recovered but German air operations increased and many vessels were sunk or badly damaged, including nine destroyers.
		The operation was successful up to the capture of the Rhine bridge at Nijmegen, but was overall a failure as the final bridge at Arnhem was not held, resulting in the destruction of the British 1st Airborne division.
		In my prejudiced view, if the operation had been properly backed from its inception, and given the aircraft, ground forces, and administrative resources necessary for the job, it would have succeeded in spite of my mistakes, or the adverse weather, or the presence of the 2nd SS Panzer Corps in the Arnhem area.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW2_Battles_Atlantic.htm (19982 words)

	North African Invasion (Operation TORCH) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The primary objective was to utilize ready Allied forces in an operation commensurate with current capabilities to relieve pressure on the Russians.
		To carry out TORCH a command named Allied Force Headquarters, North Africa (AFHQ), was established in London on 11 August 1942 with Eisenhower, by this time a lieutenant general, in command.
		The American command in the Mediterranean, co-existing with the Allied command, was the North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (NATOUSA) established on 4 February 1943, which was superseded by the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (MTOUSA) on 1 November 1944.
	www.armedforces.net /Detailed/927.html (1072 words)

	Operation Torch Delayed
		Without Operation Torch, that means a much more powerful force than in our time-line.
		As Hitler desperately tries to improvise a force to counter Operation Torch, he finally gives in and allows General Manstein to order a breakout attempt from the Stalingrad pocket.
		Operation Torch: Operation Torch happens at the height of Germany's troubles in the Soviet Union.
	hometown.aol.com /althist1/PODSept99/Torch.htm (3981 words)

	OPERATION TORCH
		Both were lost during Operation Torch, the Anglo-American invasion of North Africa.
		This initial operation called for the taking of the seaports of Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers so that heavy equipment and supplies could be landed and airfields captured to support the invasion.
		Operation Torch was the end of the line for the old SEBAGO and PONCHARTRAIN, but it was the beginning for a long road that finally led to the Allied victory in Europe.
	www.jacksjoint.com /torch.htm (1066 words)

	The History Place - Frequently Asked Questions
		For example - Operation Torch was the name for the Allied invasion of North Africa.
		Operation Overlord is now popularly referred to simply as D-Day, a practice begun by news correspondents covering the invasion, given the tremendous significance of the day in which the long hoped-for liberation of northern Europe finally began.
		The SS also operated the Nazi network of concentration camps as well as extermination centers such as Auschwitz in occupied Poland, where nearly two million civilians were murdered.
	www.historyplace.com /specials/faq/index.html (3013 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| World War II \| Operation Torch: Sub-Task Force Goalpost Capture Port Lyautey
		It was a military operation of immense complication, involving the assembly and coordination of hundreds of ships, thousands of tons of supplies and countless man-hours of planning and training under the added stress of cooperating with new allies and trying to second guess the intentions of the enemy.
		The third part of Operation Torch, the Western Task Force, had a number of other problems that made its task the most complicated of them all.
		Operation Blackstone would land at the Moroccan port just south of Casablanca; Operation Brushwood would come ashore at Fedala, just north of Casablanca; and Operation Goalpost, under the command of General Truscott, with the most difficult mission of the three, would strike farthest north at Port Lyautey.
	www.historynet.com /wwii/bloperationtorch (1488 words)

	::Operation Torch::
		General Eisenhower was given command of Operation Torch and in the planning phase he set up his headquarters in Gibraltar.
		Operation Torch also saw the first large scale American airborne drop when the US 509th Parachute Regiment captured two airfields near Oran.
		However, the might of two advancing Allied armies meant that it was trapped and on May 7th, 1943, the Afrika Korps surrendered.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /operation_torch.htm (848 words)

	Operation Torch - Invasion of North Africa
		September of 1942 the German Army was at Stalingrad and Gen. Rommel was at the gates of Egypt with his touted Afrika Corp. The Allies desparately needed a second front to reverse the eastern assault of the Axis armies.
		Operation Torch was devised to be that second front.
		The plan for the WNTF was to land a force of about 9,000 at Port Lyautry which was north of Casablanca to capture the airport.
	www.internet-esq.com /ussaugusta/torch (1161 words)

	Elisha's Writings: The Torch Landing in French North Africa
		Introduction: The Americans and British had to be successful in Operation Torch, while the world hung in the balance.
		Conclusion: Operation Torch was arguably the most important campaign of World War II.
		Torch, as it was termed, represented a combined British-American operation, although for political reasons the Allies tried to stage it as an overwhelmingly United States venture.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/zambia/1160/writing/torch.html (4720 words)

	Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum
		The broad strokes of the TORCH landings and subsequent operations are well known.
		The first operational objective of TORCH was the occupation of Tunisia, particularly Tunis, to prevent Axis reinforcement and re-supply of their forces in Libya.
		What Marshall knew, or perhaps only sensed, in the TORCH debate of the summer of 1942 was that landings in North Africa would lead to great Anglo-American disputes between the principle of opportunism and long-range commitment, between a war of attrition and a war of mass and concentration on the Continent.
	www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu /cbtorch.html (3076 words)

	Operation Torch. French Navy Resists as Jean Bart duels U.S. Battleship and Cruisers
		This Volume is the second listed in the History of United States Naval Operations in World War II but actually was written before Volume I since Morison himself was embarked on the USS Brooklyn for Torch, the code name for the North African landings by the Allies.
		There were four such for TORCH and their original task was to obtain carrier-based air support for ground forces.
		Three different sea forces in TORCH had been at sea for up to two weeks, in different waters and from ports a continent apart, and were to strike a shoreline over a thousand miles long.
	www.daileyint.com /seawar/seawar5.htm (13212 words)

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