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Topic: Operation Uphold Democracy

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		Operation Uphold Democracy was a U.S.-led, multinational military intervention authorized by the UN to restore the legitimate, democratically-elected government of Haiti to power.
		Democracy was, at best, a weak concept in Haiti, and it had been almost extinguished by a military coup in 1990.
		The operation continued to be executed through four major forces: MP units operating with Haitian IPSF and the IPM in the major cities; Special Forces operating in the countryside; Infantry forces operating primarily in the major cities, but deploying to other areas frequently to extend their presence; and Army Aviation units providing mobility.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF_78/forum78.html (2483 words)

	Operation Uphold Democracy - Biocrawler
		Operation Uphold Democracy began in September 1994 with the deployment of the U.S. -led multinational force.
		The operation officially ended on March 31, 1995 when it was replaced by the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).
		A large contingent of U.S. troops (USFORHAITI) participated as peacekeepers in the UNMIH until 1996 (and the U.S forces commander was also the commander of the UN forces).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Operation_Uphold_Democracy (103 words)

	Haiti: The U.S.-Led Intervention, 1994 / Operation Uphold Democracy, Haiti 1994/ Operation Restore Democracy, Haiti ...
		Operation Uphold Democracy (examines its planning process for operations), pp 19-30.
		Operation Uphold Democracy: Conflict and Cultures, by E. McGrady and John S. Ivancovich.
		Operation Uphold Democracy is used as an example throughout the paper and discussed in terms of its methodology, doctrine, and analysis.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/haiti/haiti99.htm (2907 words)

	American Red Cross
		Beginning in the mid-1800s, Clara Barton, the founder of the American Red Cross, risked her life on the battlefields of the Civil War to tend to fallen soldiers.
		Clubs and club mobiles operated in rest and recreation areas in the field and at military hospitals, hospital ships and hospital trains.
		With the buildup of U.S. military forces in Kuwait for Operation Desert Thunder, six Red Cross staff were deployed to support the increased population in the area.
	www.redcross.org /services/afes/0,1082,0_484_,00.html (2550 words)

	OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY
		The operation went off with out any hindrance, and the airfield was secured and eventually occupied by the remainder of First Brigade, minus 2/22 Infantry and 1/87 Infantry, who maintianed their security positions at the airport and port, respectively.
		The most significant and farthest away from the base of operation and the city was the mission that C 1/22 conducted the week after Tropical Storm Gordon came through the island 14-15 November.
		One motorcade operation during the last week of November and the first week of December was a major Out of Sector move and spanned five days, as President Aristide conducted several speaking engagements along the southern claw of the Haitian country.
	1-22infantry.org /history/uphold.htm (2236 words)

	Site - Main - Reference Library
		The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of Psychological Operations on the ability of Infantry Battalions to accomplish their missions in Peacekeeping and Stability Operations.
		The United States led the international response to the coup, Operation Uphold Democracy, a multinational military intervention meant to restore the legitimate government of Haiti.
		Third, the objective of this operation was to restore a legitimate government and to provide temporary security support to a society moving from authoritarianism to democracy.
	smallwarsjournal.com /reference/haiti.htm (1913 words)

	Operation uphold democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Start the Operation uphold democracy article or add a request for it.
		Look for "Operation uphold democracy" in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for "Operation uphold democracy" in the Wikimedia Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/operation_uphold_democracy (143 words)

	Site - Main - Reference Library
		The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of Psychological Operations on the ability of Infantry Battalions to accomplish their missions in Peacekeeping and Stability Operations.
		Operation Uphold Democracy, the U.S.-led, multinational intervention that restored Haiti's legitimate government, can serve in many ways as a paradigm of post-Cold War peacekeeping, embodying a number of features that have marked other peacekeeping enterprises.
		Third, the objective of this operation was to restore a legitimate government and to provide temporary security support to a society moving from authoritarianism to democracy.
	www.smallwarsjournal.com /ref/haiti.htm (1905 words)

	US State DEPT. DISPATCH, VOLUME 6, NUMBER 11, MARCH 13, 1995
		Furthermore, the enemies of democracy elsewhere in the region--coup-plotters lurking in the shadows of other capitals in the hemisphere--would be more inclined to believe that they could act with impunity; that they, too, like the Haitian coup leaders of 1991, could overthrow democratically elected governments.
		In Operation Uphold Democracy, the lifting of a U.S. Army division from a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier took the concept of joint operations to a new level.
		American leadership in Operation Uphold Democracy has shown that the United States is willing to stand up for its own interests and for democracy in the hemisphere and that our military is second to none in creativity and professionalism, as well as in strength and courage.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/briefing/dispatch/1995/html/Dispatchv6no11.html (17843 words)

	New England International and Comparative Law Annual - 1999 - UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPERS
		Operation Uphold Democracy was established under Security Council Resolution 940, which authorized Member States to form a multinational force and use "all necessary means" to bring about the elimination of Haiti's de facto military regime.
		Operation Uphold Democracy represented a new beginning for a Security Council that, in the mid-1990's, was struggling to formulate an identity in the aftermath of its humbling experience in Somalia.
		Three principles govern traditional peacekeeping operations: (1) they have to be undertaken with the consent of the parties to the conflict, (2) peacekeeping personnel are to use force only in self-defense, and (3) peacekeeping personnel are to maintain strict impartiality in the conflict.
	www.nesl.edu /intljournal/vol5/donovan.htm (13074 words)

	Excerpts From Air Mobility Master Plan
		UPHOLD DEMOCRACY succeeded both in restoring the democratically elected government of Haiti and in stemming emigration.
		UPHOLD DEMOCRACY was an example of a "near-shore" operation that had many aspects of an intercontinental contingency.
		Operation JOINT ENDEAVOR was the first large-scale contingency test of the C-17, and its success clearly validated its airlift and air refueling concept of operation.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ac/docs/Excerpts_AMMP.htm (5298 words)

	William J. Clinton Foundation "Remarks by President at Awards for Uphold Democracy Forces"
		Shelton, members of the Shelton family; to the representatives of each of our military services who served in Haiti and their families; all the other distinguished guests here, welcome to the Rose Garden.
		The march of democracy in the Americas would have suffered a severe setback.
		The strong personal leadership, the steady hand, and the real determination that you, personally, conveyed to the military leaders of Haiti in the first days, from the first moment of your action there, were, I know, absolutely critical to the success of this operation and to its peacefulness.
	www.clintonfoundation.org /legacy/122094-remarks-by-president-at-awards-for-uphold-democracy-forces.htm (897 words)

	Operation Uphold Democracy: Military Support for Democracy in Haiti - Storming Media
		Operation Uphold Democracy: Military Support for Democracy in Haiti - Storming Media
		Operation Uphold Democracy: Military Support for Democracy in Haiti
		Abstract: Uphold Democracy and its successor--the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)--were successful for many reasons, but the most salient factors included: Adequate preparation time; Unity of support and effort; and a Clear mission with a finite endpoint.
	www.stormingmedia.us /19/1914/A191493.html (104 words)

	Joint Property Accountability
		Both the high volume of unaccounted property during the operation and the challenging task of regaining accountability for unidentified property at the end of the mission clearly demonstrate that establishing a joint property book section at the beginning of an operation is crucial
		The extremely high operations tempo (OPTEMPO) during the initial phases of Operation Sea Signal, the sheer volume of incoming supplies, the absence of a functional property accounting team, and the focus on immediate support combined with the lack of focus on property accountability resulted in an almost instant loss of accountability of incoming property.
		For a joint operation, the DA Form 4697 coupled with AR 735-5 (Policies and Procedures for Property Accountability) is the most user-friendly system for the required reports of survey.
	www.quartermaster.army.mil /OQMG/Professional_Bulletin/1997/Spring/property.html (2168 words)

	From 22 September until 10 November 1994, the 46th Corps Support Group (CSG) (Airborne) participated in Operation ...
		One major difference between Operation Restore Democracy and Operation Uphold Democracy was the projected end-strength of the theater-a personnel increase from 10,000 to 20,000.
		By the end of TF-46's mission in Operation Uphold Democracy, it had successfully transitioned from the support planning of a forced entry operation with the 82d Airborne Division to the execution of an operation in support of the 10th Mountain Division in a permissive environment.
		During the operation, water, fuel, and rations were never a problem for units in the field, and, though there were logistics challenges, TF 46 soldiers contributed to the JTF's success in a difficult operational environment.
	www.almc.army.mil /ALOG/issues/Janfeb96/ms944.htm (2212 words)

	OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY - May 2004
		Toward the Future of Theater Airlift Doctrine: Case Studies of Theater Airlift Doctrine in Operation Uphold Democracy and Operation Joint Endeavor.
		Armstrong, Edward R. "Detainee Operations in Haiti During Operation Uphold Democracy." Military Police, Winter 1995, pp.
		"Operation Uphold Democracy: The Role of the SOCOORD (Special-Operations Coordination Element) as Part of a Joint Task Force." Special Warfare, vol.
	www.jfsc.ndu.edu /library/publications/bibliography/operation_uphold_democracy.asp (2498 words)

	GU - SFS - ISD: Haiti Conference Report (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Haiti is distinguished from these two operations principally in the unparalleled degree of regional, hemispheric, and international participation that the United States was able to secure for Operation Uphold Democracy and its UNMIH successor.
		In a military operation, where lives are at stake, where large sums of money are being spent, and where the duration of the operation is in some manner linked to the delivery of technical, economic, or humanitarian assistance, these can be false economies.
		Common to all such peace operations, however, will be the challenge of integrating the international community's civil and military instrumentalities, and synchronizing a wide range of interfunctional, interagency, and international contributions.
	sfswww.georgetown.edu /sfs/programs/isd/files/haiti.htm (2796 words)

	95/03/09 TESTIMONY: S. TALBOTT ON OPERATION UPHOLD DEMOCRACY
		Chairman, the success to date of Operation Uphold Democracy has also been due to the lessons that we have learned from previous experiences in peacekeeping and other missions.
		Chairman, credit for the current success of Operation Uphold Democracy is also due to President Aristide, Prime Minister Smarck Michel, members of the Haitian parliament, Mayor Evans Paul of Port-au-Prince, and other democratic leaders of Haiti.
		Today, thanks to Operation Uphold Democracy, the Haitian people live in an environment that is -- in relative terms - - safe, secure and free of political violence.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bureaus/lat/1995/950309TalbottHaiti.html (4471 words)

	Operation UPHOLD DEMOCRACY
		The MIST was composed of soldiers from the 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne) and Creole speaking civilian linguists.
		The purpose of these broadcasts were to educate the Haitian people on the basic theories and concepts of democracy and what were the benefits they could expect with the restoration of a democracy in Haiti.
		The JPOTF was made up of the Headquarters, 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne), the 1st Psychological Operations Battalion (Airborne), the battalion with regional responsibility, the 9th Psychological Operations Battalion (Airborne), the tactical battalion, the PSYOP Dissemination Battalion, reserve members from the 2nd Psychological Operations Group, and linguists from all four branches of service.
	www.psywarrior.com /haiti2.html (905 words)

	Just the Facts
		The U.S. military has maintained a constant presence in Haiti since “Operation Uphold Democracy” helped restore elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power in 1994.
		The funding has been drawn from the military services’ operations and maintenance accounts.
		"Operations in South America." From U.S. Army Training and Operations Update, May 4, 1998.
	www.ciponline.org /facts/ussgha.htm (439 words)

	MI - Ops - 1990s - Other
		in their 16-month campaign." The sourcing of operational information is, as might be expected, uneven; and "the reader will have some difficulty in sorting out fact from speculation....
		Unconventional settings for military operations "compel[] the [field] commander to rely more heavily on his intelligence officer" than might have been the case in conventional combat operations.
		Concerns intelligence for Operation Uphold Democracy, the planned airborne operation into Haiti in September 1994.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /milintel_folder/miops_folder/miops90s_folder/miops90sother.html (729 words)

	Chapter 2: Planning for "intervasion": the strategic and operational setting for uphold democracy
		Regardless of these shifts in doctrinal labels, peace operations have traditionally confronted the U.S. military with a variety of situations in which the use of force was either a distinct possibility (as in peace enforcement or peace keeping), or very unlikely (as in disaster relief or humanitarian assistance).
		Furthermore, since peace operations are often guided by the United Nations or some regional organization, the commitment of American troops to a multinational undertaking is often accompanied by a heated dialogue over who should exercise command and control over them--U.S. or foreign officers.
		Peace operations, as opposed to more orthodox military operations, often lack a traditional enemy, tend to be highly ambiguous, and are subject to frequently changing political guidance.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/kretchik/chapter2.asp (16625 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: dot.mil
		Operations against Yugoslav computer systems were focused on military air defense systems.
		Computers were broken into and exploited during Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti in 1994, according to sources.
		It concludes that there are "no show-stoppers in international law" for the types of information operations "as now contemplated" by the Pentagon as long as existing legal obligations are followed.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/national/dotmil/arkin.htm (729 words)

	CA Intro
		Civil Affairs forces support activities of both conventional and special operations forces, and are capable of assisting and supporting the civil administration in the area of operations.
		They can also locate civil resources to support military operations, help minimize civilian interference with operations, support national assistance activities, plan and execute non-combatant evacuation, support counter-drug operations, and establish and maintain liaison or dialogue with civilian aid agencies and civilian commercial and private organizations.
		In support of special operations, these culturally oriented, linguistically capable Soldiers may also be tasked to provide functional expertise for foreign internal defense operations, unconventional warfare operations and direct action missions.
	www.bragg.army.mil /CA/caintro.htm (464 words)

	Operation Uphold Democracy, Haiti :: Second Cavalry Association Historical Archives Site :: Second Cavalry History
		In January 1995, the Regiment was called upon to reinforce American foreign policy through the aptly named and highly successful United Nations mission "Operation Uphold Democracy." The Second Dragoons were an essential part of a multinational force that helped the Haitians reestablish democracy.....
		The Regiment rotated Headquarters Troop and all three of its maneuver squadrons to the fledgling democracy between January 1995 and March 1996, with the Support Squadron providing logistical support.
		While in Haiti, the troopers of the Second Dragoons operated in a variety of roles.
	history.dragoons.org /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=148 (280 words)

	uphold - Information from Reference.com
		UPHOLD is a tremendously popular independent Japanese rock band.
		Justices Uphold Welfare Home SearchesThe ACLU had challenged a San...
		Haiti: The U.S.-Led Intervention, 1994 / Operation Uphold...
	www.reference.com /search?q=uphold&db=web (228 words)

	PSYOP PSYOPS PSYWAR Psychological Operations Psychological Warfare
		Psychological Operations (PSYOP) and Psychological Warfare (PSYWAR), these words generate thoughts of North Vietnam's "Hanoi Hanna", Japan's "Tokyo Rose" and more recently the Iraq's infamous "Baghdad Betty" of Desert Storm.
		To others the words psychological operations and psychological warfare conjure up images of our military playing mind games with the enemy.
		Links on the use of psychological operations/warfare during World Wars I and II, Korean War, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama (Operation Just Cause) Gulf War (Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, Haiti (Operation Uphold Democracy), Somalia (Operation Restore Hope), Bosnia and Kosovo (Operation Allied Force), Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom).
	www.psywarrior.com (228 words)

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