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Topic: Operation Uranus

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	Operation Saturn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Saturn was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front of World War II that led to battles in the northern Caucasus and Donets Basin regions of the Soviet Union from December 1942 to February 1943.
		The success of Operation Uranus, launched on 19 November 1942, had trapped 300,000 troops of General Friedrich Paulus's German 6th Army and 4th Panzer Army in Stalingrad.
		The second stage of operations opened on 13 January 1943 with an attack by four armies of General Golikov's Voronezh Front that encircled and destroyed the Hungarian 2nd Army near Svoboda on the Don.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Saturn (812 words)

	Operation Uranus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Operation Uranus was the World War II Soviet encirclement of German forces during the Battle of Stalingrad.
		The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seemed desperate and on November 22 General Friedrich Paulus sent Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th Army was surrounded.
		The operation was conducted in rough coordination with the Operation Mars near Moscow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Uranus (484 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Battle of Stalingrad
		Soviet advances during Operations Uranus, Mars and Saturn Operation Saturn was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front of World War II that led to battles in the northern Caucasus and Donets Basin regions of the Soviet Union from December 1942 to February 1943.
		Operation Spark (1943) was a military operation by the Red Army during January 1943 which intended to create a land connection to break the siege of Leningrad, which was conducted by the German Wehrmacht.
		Operation Mars, or 2nd Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive was a World War II strategic offensive launched in November-December of 1942 by Soviet forces against a German salient in the vicinity of Moscow.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Stalingrad (10356 words)

	Second World War Books: Review
		Operation Mars (also known as the "Rzhev-Sychevka offensive") was, as Glantz tells us, an operation mounted on a scale as lavish as Operation Uranus (the Soviet offensive that surrounded German 6th Army in Stalingrad) and planned with an equally ambitious goal: to isolate and destroy German 9th Army in the Rzhev salient.
		Uranus was a smashing success, trumpeted by the Soviet High Command, memorialized in countless books, and led to even greater successes.
		A final yardstick for measuring the significance of Operation Mars with respect to Operation Uranus is the human and material cost of the operation.
	stonebooks.com /archives/990624.shtml (2327 words)

	Operation Mars (prof. Orlov)
		This operation was described very small in the Soviet historiography: diversionary operation of the Western and Kalinin Fronts having mission to prevent transferring of the German reserves from Western direction to the South where huge Stalingrad battle was taking place that time.
		Fronts, which had to take part in operation "Uranus", had missions to encircle and to destroy the German 6th Field and a part of the 4th Panzer Armies and later, during operation "Saturn", to crush the main troops of German Army Groups "A" and "B".
		Operation "Uranus" was made against the Army Group "B" which had the same amount of divisions, but 50 divisions were divisions of German satellites (Hungary, Romania and Italy).
	rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com /battles/mars42_Orlov.htm (1966 words)

	Panzer Campaigns - Rzhev '42 - Info Page
		These operations, conducted by Zhukov, were meant to reduce the Rzhev salient, destroy the German 9th Army, and tie down reinforcements.
		These operations came close to realizing their goals and were a major factor in Zhukov’s planning of Operation Mars.
		Operation Uranus, which, if successful, would open Operation Saturn, became the focus of world attention and is better known as the Battle of Stalingrad.
	members.shaw.ca /gcsaunders/rzhev_info.html (954 words)

	Foreign Military Studies Office Publications - COUNTERPOINT TO STALINGRAD, Operation Mars (November-December 1942): ...
		Replicating their ambitious 1941 operations, although on a lesser scale, in summer 1942 German forces plunged eastward across the endless steppes of southern Russia to the banks of the Volga River at Stalingrad and toward the oil-rich Caucasus region.
		Among those notable operations, which, like Mars, endured obscurity and silence, were the failed Soviet Central Front offensive of February-March 1943 in the region west of Kursk, the abortive Soviet Belorussian offensive of fall 1943, and futile Soviet attempts to invade Rumania in May 1944 and East Prussia in fall 1944.
		The July-August 1942 Rzhev operation, formally named the Pogoreloe-Gorodishche Operation, was conducted by the 20th and 31st Armies of Zhukov's Western Front and the 29th and 30th Armies of Konev's Kalinin Front.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /documents/countrpt/countrpt.htm (12614 words)

	Foreign Military Studies Office Publications - The Failures of Historiography: Forgotten Battles of the German-Soviet ...
		Mention is made of the operations in separate chapters of memoirs (such as M. Kazakov) and unit histories, but the many Soviet encyclopedias on the war ignore the operations, and no other open source detailed accounts exist to substantiate the ample German archival materials attesting to the operations' existence.
		Obviously both sides were transfixed by operations around Stalingrad from 19 November through 2 February, including the encirclement and destruction of German Sixth Army, German failed attempts to relieve their beleaguered garrison, the ultimate destruction of the encircled force, and Soviet expansion of the operation westward toward and into the Donbas.
		Portions of the initial operations to liberate Belorussia are covered in detail under the rubric of the continuation of the Nevel' operation by 1st Baltic Front and the Gomel-Rechitsa operation of the Belorussian Front.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /documents/failures.htm (10120 words)

	The Wargamer - PC Game Review: Panzer Campaigns 9: Rzhev '42 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even while Operation Uranus, the massive Soviet counter-attack that isolated the German Sixth Army in the vicinity of Stalingrad, was underway, an even larger Russian offensive was taking place against Army Group Center and the German Ninth Army.
		Operation Mars involved main attacks from the west (Belyi)and northeast (Sychevka) sides of the salient, with secondary attacks from the north (Moldoi Tud) and the northwest (Luchesa Valley).
		Operation Mars kicked off on 25 November 1942 in the midst of a severe winter storm that hindered both attacker and defender.
	www.wargamer.com /reviews/rzhev_42 (879 words)

	Boots & Tracks--SP-Hollow Legion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Operation Uranus resulted in the encirclement of the German 6th Army in Stalingrad.
		Originally conceived as simply "Operation Saturn", the offensive was to drive all the way to Rostov and trap all Axis forces in the Don River bend and the Caucasus.
		The Soviets succeeded, Although checked after destroying the Italians, the Soviet operation was a success, managing to drag the 17th Panzer Division away from the relief effort, just when Hoth's panzers were merely 48 kilometers from Stalingrad.
	bootsandtracks.com /ScenarioDetail.php?ScenarioID=46 (298 words)

	[No title]
		Operation MARS is the most glaring instance where the historiography of the German-Soviet War has failed us.
		Operation MARS was the companion piece to Operation URANUS, the Red Army’s more famous counteroffensive at Stalingrad.
		While most of these sources were utterly silent on the operation, some works published in the 1960s contained remarkably candid and accurate accounts of the action, although most covered separate operational sectors and provided little or no operational or strategic context.
	www.tellur.ru /~historia/archive/04-00/glantz.htm (4107 words)

	Decision Games-Drive on Stalingrad
		Drive on Stalingrad, The Road to Ruin is a two-player, low - to - intermediate complexity, strategic-level simulation of Fall Blau (Operation Blue), the German attempt to conquer Stalingrad and the Caucasus area of the southwest Soviet Union in 1942.
		The Soviet player is primarily on the defensive in the first scenario, but he is also given the chance to run a full-blown counter-offensive in the second, "Operation Uranus," scenario.
		The second scenario starts on 19 November 1942, with the launching of the Soviet "Operation Uranus" counter-offensive, and continues for six weekly turns to the end of December, when historically the German attempt to free their encircled 6th Army at Stalingrad ground to a halt.
	www.decisiongames.com /html/drive_on_stal.html (236 words)

	Aberjona Press: Slaughterhouse: The Handbook of the Eastern Front
		Once such operations are identified, German unit histories and earlier fragmentary Soviet accounts confirm, elucidate, and elaborate upon the existence, nature, and probable intent of these obscure, but often significant, operations.
		Total Soviet losses in the operation are unknown, but those recorded in German reports were high (an estimated 15,000 dead in Konev’s sector alone, and 1,655 tanks destroyed from 24 November to 14 December) and included four general officers.
		Obviously, both sides were transfixed by operations around Stalingrad from 19 November through 2 February, including the encirclement and destruction of German 6th Army, German failed attempts to relieve their beleaguered garrison, the ultimate destruction of the encircled force, and Soviet expansion of the operation westward toward and into the Donbas.
	www.aberjonapress.com /catalog/slh/excerpt.html (8874 words)

	ZHUKOV'S GREATEST DEFEAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"While Operation Mars was failing and General Zhukov's Western and Kalinin Front forces were struggling and dying for possession of the Rzhev salient, General Vasilevsky was presiding over an unbroken string of Red Army victories in southern Russia.
		The success of Vasilevsky's Operation Uranus surprised even its planners, and the bag of surrounded enemy troops was far larger than they had anticipated in their wildest dreams.
		As if the toll of dead and injured were not enough, the Soviet state committed the gravest injustice of all by ignoring the personal sacrifice of the tens of thousands who fell in battle and by forgetting those who survived.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~insrisg/bookmarks/bk01/0705zhukov.htm (1296 words)

	Stalingrad Battle; von Paulus 6th Army; Operation Uranus; Neptune; von Manstein
		Eventually Operation Blue was suspended to provide more troops for the siege, and the original launch date in May was cancelled.
		The battle was largely over by the 25th, and Operation Blue was implemented.
		The re-enforcement operations simply switched to moving during the night, thereby eliminating the airborne threat.
	www.battle-fleet.com /pw/his/stalingrad.htm (3018 words)

	Military History Online - Battle of Stalingrad
		But no one had anticipated the size and scope of the operation which was about to encircle Paulus's 6th Army as well as one half of Gen. Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army.
		Operation Uranus, the opening phase of the campaign,, was scheduled to begin on Nov. 11, 1942.
		Paulus had worked up operational plans for a breakout, to be executed on Nov. 27th, pending Hitler's approval.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/stalingrad/uranus.aspx (1951 words)

	Zhukov's Greatest Defeat
		Orchestrated and led by Marshal Georgi Kostantinovich Zhukov, one of the Soviet Union's great military heroes, the twin operations Mars and Uranus formed the centerpiece of Soviet strategic efforts in the fall of 1942.
		Illuminating the painful progress of Operation Mars with vivid battle scenes and numerous maps and illustrations, Glantz presents Mars as a major failure of Zhukov's renowned command.
		For three grueling weeks, Operation Mars was one of the most tragic and agonizing episodes in Soviet military history.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /glazhu.html (711 words)

	The New York Review of Books: STALINGRAD, CONT'D.
		According to Glantz's timetable, from September 26 (when Stalin made Zhukov the Stavka coordinator for Operation Mars) until October 12, Zhukov was in fact visiting the army commanders on the "Stalingrad axis" and studying the ground for Operation Uranus.
		He was simply not in a position to oversee plans for Mars, especially since the operational orders for it were issued by the Stavka on October 1 and the revised orders on October 10, both during his absence near Stalingrad.
		Zhukov, as Glantz writes, was obsessed with Operation Mars, which was not, as Beevor wrote, a mere feint but a Soviet disaster in which 335,000 troops were killed, missing, or wounded.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/76 (683 words)

	Combat Mission: Barbarossa to Berlin Bibilography
		In 1941, with the launch of Operation "Barbarossa", it joined battle with Hitler's army --the most powerful in history-- and after a desperate war of attrition over four years it beat the Nazis into defeat on the Eastern Front.
		It was the decisive victories of the German Panzer divisions in North Africa in World War II that taught the Allies the importance of an integrated combat team consisting of tanks, infantry, and artillery.
		The result is the most comprehensive and detailed operational study of sustained combat in the northern sector of the Russian front ever published in English.
	www.battlefront.com /products/cmbb/biblio.html (4945 words)

	Stalingrad - Phase One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		T movement of troops and other preparations c not go unnoticed by the Germans, but they we not certain what was about to unfold, even after, the end of October, a Russian propaganda campaign began to speak of large-scale operations against t Hitlerites'.
		In • meantime it was decided that 'Uranus' should launched on the 19th.
		This, code-named 'Ring', was to be a two-phase operation: (1) to liquidate the south and west parts of the pocket; (2) a general assault against the remainder of the pocket.
	www.stalingrad.com.ru /history/atlas/phase_one.htm (1177 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stalingrad (along with Operation Crusader, and D-Day: America Invades) is an "operational" level wargame.
		As the name implies, the game is focused on the fighting around Stalingrad and the end of Case Blau in late '42.
		There are several scenarios of various sizes and one monster campaign that covers Operation Uranus from start to finish.
	grognard.com /reviews/stalin.txt (609 words)

	The Battle of Stalingrad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Army Group A and B to sweep to Stalingrad, Grozny, Astrakan, and the Caspian Sea.
		A brilliant plan called Operation Uranus was devised.
		The Red Army secretly mobilized one million troops, 1,350 aircraft, 14,000 heavy guns, and 979 tanks to attack German flanks that were protected by weak Axis powers.
	www.paralumun.com /warstalingrad.htm (340 words)

	H-Net Review: W. Robert Houston on Zhukov's Greatest Defeat: The Red Army's Epic ...
		He further notes that the Soviets deployed similar numbers of forces and equipment in each operation, and that the commanders were of similar prominence both before and after the battles.
		Finally, the author argues that the Soviets dropped Operation Mars down the "memory hole" when it failed abysmally to achieve any success, treating it, if at all, as a skillful diversionary attack.
		They reflect my subjective understanding of the operations and men, in some instances from their own accounts and more often, based on their subsequent actions or ultimate fate.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=12738948753985 (1112 words)

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