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Topic: Operation Urgent Fury

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	Operation "Urgent Fury": Military Police (MP) In Grenada
		Thesis: Operation URGENT FURY is the first real test of MP combat support since Vietnam and provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate doctrine relative to mission, organization, equipment, and training of both division and corps MP assets.
		Operation URGENT FURY was initiated to protect the lives of U.S. students, restore democratic government, and eliminate Cuban influence on the island.
		Operating primarily at squad level, MPs were confronted with a myriad of missions which they completed with decisiveness, ingenuity, and resourcefulness.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1989/HW.htm (3038 words)

	Urgent Fury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urgent Fury - the Invasion of Grenada became highest profile operation since the Vietnam conflict.
		A team of 12 operators from SEAL Team 6 and four Air Force Combat Control Team members were tasked to perform this mission on the night of 23/24 October 1983.
		This is a classic SEAL operation, but complicated immensely by the inclusion of a very high-risk night combat water jump, poor intelligence about the enemy forces and erroneous weather forecasting.
	seals.longboys.net /urgent_fury.htm (3379 words)

	Invasion of Grenada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Invasion of Grenada, known to U.S. forces as Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the island nation of Grenada by the military forces of the United States and several Caribbean nations.
		The U.S. government described the invasion as a "noncombatant evacuation operation" for almost 600 American medical students on the island.
		It also claimed that the airstrip was built to accommodate Soviet and Cuban transport craft to carry arms to aid Central American insurgents—Bishop's government claimed that it was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Operation_Urgent_Fury (942 words)

	Grenada: Operation Urgent Fury
		The response was Urgent Fury, a multinational, multiservice effort.
		In St. George's the peacekeeping forces encountered the biggest surprise of the operation: the civilian population.
		Urgent Fury was a success, but not without the inevitable tragedies of battle.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq95-1.htm (2899 words)

	Operation Urgent Fury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Operation Urgent Fury was an invasion of the island of Grenada by the military forces of the United States of America and several Caribbean nations.
		To begin to establish a case for invasion, seven months before the operation began, Ronald Reagan pointed to this airport and several other sites as evidence of the potential threat posed by Grenada towards the United States.
		Bernard Gewertzman disputed those reasons in an article in the October 29 issue of the New York Times: "The wording of the formal request, however, was drafted in Washington and conveyed to the Caribbean leaders by special American emissaries.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/operation_urgent_fury (625 words)

	Military.com Resources
		In response, and at the request of allied Caribbean nations, the US launched "Operation Urgent Fury," sending the Marines to the north of the island and Army Rangers to the south.
		Urgent Fury - Learn about the events in Grenada that led up to the invasion by U.S. troops.
		Grenada, Operation Urgent Fury - The Naval Historical Center presents a summary along with a list of U.S. ships that were involved in this operation.
	www.military.com /Resources/HistorySubmittedFileView?file=history_grenada.htm (348 words)

	Navy SEALs.com - US Navy SEALs Operation Urgent Fury Grenada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first addition to the Operations page is the highest profile operation since the Vietnam conflict, and the political and military pressure cooker that put the US Armed forces to the test.
		Urgent Fury: Invasion of Grenada became a milestone and turning point for the Navy SEALs and the Special Operations community.
		This is a classic SEAL operation, but complicated immensely by the inclusion of a very high-risk night combat water jump, poor intelligence about the enemy forces and possibly erroneous weather forecasting.
	www.navyseals.com /community/navyseals/operations_urgentfury.cfm (5098 words)

	Grenada 1983 - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In October of 1983 the United States invaded the tiny island nation of Grenada in the Caribbean, in Operation Urgent Fury.
		Operation Urgent Fury had begun in the early hours of October 25th.
		Their mission was to be operators of a radio, which was called a TAC SAT, which stood for Tactical Satellite Communications.
	www.geocities.com /ohlhous/Introduction.html (344 words)

	Operation Urgent Fury
		The Marine amphibious unit conducted landings as part of Operation Urgent Fury at Grenada on 25 October and at Carriacou on 1 November.
		Preceding the operations in the north and south, Navy seal teams were airdropped near St. Georges to secure the safety of the Grenadian Governor General who was being held under house arrest by opposing forces in the governor’s mansion and to capture the government radio station at St. Georges.
		OPERATION URGENT FURY The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Grenada 12 October - 2 November 1983 Ronald H. Cole, Joint History Office Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1997 [93 pages, 1246 kb PDF]
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/urgent_fury.htm (2301 words)

	Grenada
		Some contend that the 1983 invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, is an example of American unilateralism Reagan-style.
		According to Scott Palter, chairman of the board of advisors at Project Wise Men, “the trigger [of Urgent Fury] was the coup and following chaos.” On October 21, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) requested American intervention, and shortly thereafter imposed sanctions on Grenada.
		The operation was not a reaction to an unrelated event in Lebanon; rather, the West’s superpower acted within an international effort to restore peace and prevent communist expansion in what was by necessity a short (and admittedly convenient) timeframe.
	amh.freehosting.net /grenada.html (629 words)

	Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There is a tension characteristic of all wars fought by democracies: the military has an operational requirement for information to be made available only on a need to know basis, yet the citizens of a democracy have a right to know about and judge what operations are being planned and conducted in their name.
		In any operation there are many aspects of military-media relations--operational security, the press pool system, logistics, etc.--each of which could be the subject of further analysis.
		Yet somewhere between the military operational requirement for information to be made available only on a need to know basis, and the right of the citizens of a democracy to know about what their military is doing, lies a middle ground, if not a happy medium (Dandeker, 1995; Noyes, 1992).
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/army/military_media_bruner.htm (3163 words)

	GrenadaRanger2.page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Operation "Urgent Fury" lasted less than a week.
		Two days after the Rangers landed at Point Salines, all military objectives were achieved on the island, an operation that required 5,000 paratroopers, 500 Rangers, and 500 Marines as well as special support units.
		Although considered a victory, in reality the operation was less than spectacular.
	www.tekawiz.com /GrenadaRanger2.html (196 words)

	Night Stalkers - Operation Urgent Fury
		An operation plan was hastily drawn up at Fort Bragg, and task force aircraft were loaded on Air Force C-130 and C-5 aircraft for transport to the forward staging airbase in Barbados.
		The task force received an intelligence briefing stating that the operation would be a “walk in the park,” that there were approximately six hostile Cuban nationals on the island, and that they could even expect the locals to “wave at them” as they flew onto shore.
		The three primary objectives for the 160th in Operation URGENT FURY were the Richmond Hill prison, the Governor’s mansion, and the radio/TV station.
	www.nightstalkers.com /urgent_fury (1648 words)

	Magic Kingdom Dispatch: 07/04/2004 - 07/10/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the aftermath of Urgent Fury, Romick was DX'd from the 1st Ranger Battalion, ostensibly for receiving a DUI, and sent down to the 24th Infantry Division, on Ft. Stewart.
		This space on the web is dedicated to US special operators worldwide, and offered lest they forget where their traditions come from, or those who went before them.
		If you participated in Operation Urgent Fury as a member of the 1st or 2d Ranger Battalions, or one of the other special operations units on the island, and you have not already been interviewed for this history, please contact him.
	magickingdomdispatch.blogspot.com /2004_07_04_magickingdomdispatch_archive.html (2071 words)

	My Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Rangers had little time to prepare for their role in Urgent Fury, the invasion of Grenada.
		One reason for this seems to have been the fact that a limited number of aircraft and aircrews were trained for night operations.
		Over one and a half hours elapsed from the first drop of 1/75 until the last unit was on the ground shortly after seven in the morning.
	home.att.net /~steven.newton4/grenada.html (2465 words)

	Grenada, 1983: Operation "Urgent Fury"
		The third operation of the special forces was undertaken by the SEALs, and was planned to free the British Governor: the representative of the British Commonwealth - still a highly important and influential figure on Grenada - was held captive by the PRA in his house.
		This operation, however, ended in another loss, as both wrecks had to be released over the sea and written-off, as the crew of the CH-53D tried to winch and transport them back to the carrier both at once.
		Otherwise, the operation "Urgent Fury" remains an example for typical US interventions in similar cases until today, even when it comes to the losses: in less than three days of - frequently bitter - combat 19 US servicemen were killed, and 116 injured.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/printer_159.shtml (5219 words)

	Operation URGENT FURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Voice: OPERATION URGENT FURY, a U.S. military effort to rescue and evacuate endangered citizens on the Caribbean Island of Grenada, happened three years after OPERATION EAGLE CLAW.
		Although the joint task force was ultimately successful in securing the island, there were major operational problems in the integration of air and ground forces.
		As a result of the outcome of the operations in Iran and Grenada, military doctrine writers faced the task of addressing the problems associated with organizing and employing military forces under a joint command.
	www.iwar.org.uk /military/resources/aspc/text/excur/fury.htm (179 words)

	A Sign of the Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada went a long way in restoring America's faith in the military.
		The operation, which took place in October 1983, actually just highlighted a process started by the Reagan administration in 1981 — to shift to an increased emphasis on military capability and credibility.
		These operations seemed to set the stage for the coming storm — the Persian Gulf war.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/0197/grenada.htm (320 words)

	NOTAM Board - Urgent Fury veteran recounts Cobra crash 20 years later
		On Oct. 25, 1983, two AH-1T attack helicopters from Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron-261, 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit, were sent to Grenada to relieve pressure on a team of Navy Seals participating in Operation Urgent Fury.
		The Seals were protecting the home of Sir Paul Scoone, who, in the eyes of the United States government, was vital to the restructuring of the Grenada government.
		A hangar will be dedicated to the late Capt. Jeff Sharver by HMLA-775, coinciding with HMM-261's reunion, celebrating its 20th anniversary of their participation in Operation Urgent Fury, Nov. 1, in Fredericksburg, Va.
	www.popasmoke.com /notam2/showthread.php?t=3797 (1140 words)

	US Army Ranger History: Grenada (Pictures and personal recollections) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Upon viewing the pictures from the True Blue Campus Memorial (Operation Urgent Fury page), I noted your request to provide the names and correct spellings of those who fell in Grenada.
		Recently a 1st Ranger Battalion Operation Urgent Fury veteran toured the island of Grenada.
		The officers knew this operation was pending and this was a practice mission.
	www.ranger.org /rangerHistoryGrenadaPersonal.html (1970 words)

	Urgent Fury - State of the Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urgent Fury: State of the Union is a Socom II clan hosted tournament
		They had been recruiting and training all these years, ever since intelligence of the internal takeover was leaked by a former enemy agent who defected.
		With the initial rebellion and assault by the American public, Operation Urgent Fury: State of the Union was launched by the U.S. Navy SEAL led underground units, who were planted in various states.
	www.urgentfury.com /main.htm (783 words)

	And Just How Many Countries Have We Attacked?, by James Glaser
		There were no countries that surprised me, however the thing that really caught my eye were the names assigned to some of these operations.
		Operation Urgent Fury, when we took on that powder keg in Grenada.
		While in Vietnam I went on several operations like "Dewey Canyon 2" and the Vietnam war had hundreds if not thousands of operations, but these eligibility operations are from different countries in different years.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/glaser2.html (531 words)

	Urban Operations Journal
		Operation Urgent Fury: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Grenada (Ronald Cole - Joint History Office - PDF)
		Operation Urgent Fury: Command, Control and Communications Lessons Learned (COL Stephen Anno and LTC William Einspahr, USAF - PDF)
		Operation Urgent Fury: Military Police in Grenada (MAJ Wayne Hicks, USA - USMC CSC 1989 - PDF)
	urbanoperations.8media.org /grenada.htm (205 words)

	CombatLeadership.com Book Store
		Operation Urgent Fury: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Grenada, 12 October-2 November 1983
		Urgent Fury: The Battle for Grenada (Issues in Low Intensity Conflict)
		The point of view is somewhat biased, but the author is factual and precise in his opinions.
	www.combatleadership.com /Bookstore_subcat.asp?id=42 (70 words)

	EC-130 Commando Solo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soon after the 193rd SOG received its EC-130s, the unit participated in the rescue of US citizens in Operation Urgent Fury, acting as an airborne radio station informing those people on Grenada of the US military action.
		Commando Solo was instrumental in the success of coordinated psychological operations in Operation Just Cause, again broadcasting continuously throughout the initial phases of the operation to help end the Manuel Noriega regime.
		The EC-130s deployed early in the operation, highlighting the importance of PSYOP in avoiding military and civilian casualties.
	mywiseowl.com /articles/EC-130J (466 words)

	ArmyRanger.com - For and by the Ranger Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Executive Order to execute Operation Urgent Fury was issued at 1654 on Saturday, 22 October.
		Unfortunately, however, because of the lateness of the drop, their mission to attack the PRA base at Calivigny would not occur that day.
		The Government House operation also provided a few dicey moments with the SEALs having to undergo a siege for nearly a day.
	www.armyranger.com /mod.php?mod=userpage&page_id=57 (1406 words)

	Goldwater-Nichols Act 1986 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Voice: Both OPERATION EAGLE CLAW and OPERATION URGENT FURY demonstrated the problems of joint operations within the U.S. military.
		The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 was the mandate for the military services to collaborate on developing joint doctrine for the integrated employment of joint military operations.
		This legislation was the impetus for moving the Air Force away from the era of doctrinal excursions toward employment as a decisive contributor in joint operations.
	www.iwar.org.uk /military/resources/aspc/text/excur/goldnich.htm (292 words)

	VFW Magazine: Grenada remembered with pride: some 20,000 Americans served on or around Grenada between Oct. 23 and Nov. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		VFW Magazine: Grenada remembered with pride: some 20,000 Americans served on or around Grenada between Oct. 23 and Nov. 21, 1983—19 were killed and 116 wounded.
		On Oct. 25, the 1st Bn., 75th Ranger Regt., jumped onto the island to secure the airstrip at Salines on the southern coast.
		Operation Urgent Fury was a much-needed boost to overall armed forces morale.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0LIY/is_2_91/ai_108912866 (612 words)

	Directory - Society: History: By Time Period: Twentieth Century: Wars and Conflicts: Grenada Invasion
		Military.com: Invasion of Grenada · iweb · cached · Features an overview about Operation Urgent Fury in Grenada and a couple of links to other related resource sites.
		Invasion of Grenada - 1983 · cached · Brief history of the United States' operations in Grenada from a participant.
		Grenada: Operation Urgent Fury · cached · History of Operation Urgent Fury including list of US Navy units participating and a bibliography.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=824117 (181 words)

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