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Topic: Opiliones

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	Opiliones - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Phalangids (legacy name) or Opiliones (better known as "harvestmen") are eight-legged invertebrate animals belonging to the order Opiliones in the class Arachnida, in the subphylum Chelicerata of the phylum Arthropoda.
		They are mostly nocturnal and colored in hues of brown, although there is a number of diurnal species which have vivid patterns in yellow, green and fl with varied reddish and flish mottling and reticulation.
		Some troglobitic Opiliones are considered endangered if their home caves are in or near cities where pollution and development of the land can alter the cave habitat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opiliones (746 words)

	Opiliones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Opiliones are commonly called shepherd spiders, harvest spiders or harvestmen.
		Opiliones are not spiders and have no spinning organs, fangs or venom glands and are harmless to man.
		Opiliones are not well known as they and rarely seen due to their cryptic lifestyle.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/arachnids/opiliones.htm (225 words)

	Defenses of Opiliones (Arthropoda: Arachnida)
		When taken in the grasp of a human hand, some Gonyleptidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) have the ability to flex their fourth legs quickly toward the body of the predator to deliver a sharp pinch between the armature of the coxae and femora.
		Observations on the defensive behaviors of a Neotropical Gonyleptidae (Arachnida: Opiliones).
		Multi-species aggregations in Neotropical harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_2001/kerzicnik.htm (2887 words)

	The Sixth International: 19 September 2005 - 25 September 2005 Archives
		They're opiliones, better known as harvestmen or daddy-long-legs; not to be confused with the spider Pholcus, which is also called daddy-long-legs, and certainly not to be confused with the crane fly, an insect that also shares this common name.
		According to Maddison's cladogramme, opiliones (and scorpions etc.) are even less closely related to spiders than are the Acari (ticks and mites), a group universally accepted as Arachnida but (unlike opiliones) traditionally excluded from the discipline of arachnology.
		Opiliones, though, are the pacifists of the Arachnida.
	www.6thinternational.org /2005/week38 (1439 words)

	Leiobunum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Opiliones is characterized by having the abdomen broadly joined with the cephalothorax, a gonopore on the ventral cephalothorax, a penis or ovipositor, a segmented abdomen primitively with 10 segments, two median eyes on a prominent dorsal tubercle, and no lateral eyes.
		Opilione chelicerae are triarticulate and chelate, forming a pincer used to manipulate, kill, and dismember food.
		Opiliones are gonochoric with direct sperm transfer using a penis.
	www.lander.edu /RSFOX/310LeiobunumLab.html (3266 words)

	Great Smoky Mountains National Park Opiliones Checklist
		The study of the Opiliones of the GSMNP is just beginning and this is simply a starting point.
		James Cokendolpher Cokendolpher@aol.com is interested in your observations of Opiliones in the park.
		More information about Opiliones can be located on the WWW at the Arachnology Homepage in Belgium.
	www.discoverlife.org /nh/cl/GSMNP/arachnid/opiliones (225 words)

	Opiliones Q & A
		Opiliones is the currently preferred usage, but you may still find these animals referred to as Phalangida in older and some recent literature.
		Opiliones, like other kinds of plants and animals, can be in danger of extinction without anyone ever noticing the threats to their existence.
		Opiliones found in very restricted habitats around desert springs or mountain tops can also be endangered if the habitat is being changed.
	www.arachnology.org /Arachnology/Pages/Opilio_QandA.html (1513 words)

	Order Opiliones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Typically, where there is vegetation, there are Opiliones, though they seem to prefer more tropical regions.
		The prosoma of the Opiliones joins broadly to the abdomen, with no visible separation.
		Upon the anterior lateral margins of the carapace, openings to a pair of scent, or repulgnatorial, glands exist.
	hs.onysd.wednet.edu /academics/science/subjects/zoology/arachnids/new/Opiliones.html (467 words)

	Opiliones Classification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Harvestmen are members of the class Arachnida, order Opiliones, which are more closely related to scorpions than to spiders (following Shultz, 1990, but there are different interpretations in that Scorpiones do not even make part of the Arachnida).
		Laniatores are the stout, spiny harvestmen found in the Tropics, and Eupnoi are the slender, delicate, typical of the Temperate Regions.
		A new Afrotropical Ogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Cameroon, with a discussion on the taxonomic characters in the family Ogoveidae.
	acd.ufrj.br /mndi/Aracnologia/opiliones.html (350 words)

	Opiliones and Phalangida
		In line with many modern texts of invertebrate zoology, I have used the name "Opiliones" to refer to the harvest-spiders, for example in the title for this set of web pages: Opiliones Notes.
		As the title indicates, the Palpatores are shown to be a monophyletic group; this means that the members of the group can be traced back to a common ancestor.
		The Opiliones and Phalangida are almost the same thing - but not quite...
	www.david.curtis.care4free.net /opiliotaxa.htm (875 words)

	The Sixth International: Friday arachnid blogging: not a spider
		The larger picture of the darker opilione is the 'other' one.
		Opiliones' cousins the spiders, as you probably know, can also pop off a leg if need be to get away from danger (their legs have a special predetermined 'breaking point') I haven't heard of detached spider legs twitching for an extended time post-separation.
		Opilione legs can go on for a good time therafter; a 'decoy' function would seem an added advantage to the basic detachability.
	www.6thinternational.org /2005/09/friday_arachnid_1.html (1111 words)

	Arachnid but not spider Photo \| TrekNature
		Opiliones or Harvestmen are arachnids (8-legged arthropods) but NOT spiders.
		Harvestmen do not produce silk, have no fangs, and have one body part, not two as in spiders, nor three as in insects.
		Daddy-long-leg-spider are many times confused with "Daddy-long-legs" which are Opiliones (Harvestmen).
	www.treknature.com /gallery/Europe/Spain/photo1719.htm (628 words)

	Harvestman - Leiobunum rotundum: More Information - ARKive
		This harvestman is nocturnal and fairly active, walking raised up on its long legs (1) (3) (6).
		Indeed, the order name ‘Opiliones' comes from the Latin word ‘opilio' meaning ‘shepherd', because walking harvestmen resembled the European shepherds who used to walk on stilts for an improved view of their flock.
		It is omnivorous, feeding commonly on small insects, plant material and fungi (1).
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Leiobunum_rotundum/more_info.html (559 words)

	IngentaConnect A harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Early Devonian Rhyni... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		IngentaConnect A harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Early Devonian Rhyni...
		A harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Early Devonian Rhynie cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
		A harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) is described from the Early Devonian (Pragian) Rhynie cherts, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/rse/tes/2004/00000094/00000004/art00006 (262 words)

	Bibliografía de Invertebrados Subantárticos
		Cokendolpher, J C. Pathogens and Parasites of Opiliones Arthropoda Arachnida.
		Cokendolpher, J C; Lanfranco,-L D. Opiliones from the Cape Horn Archipelago [Argentina, Chile]: New southern records for harvestmen.
		Shear, W A. The Genus Chileogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Petallidae).
	www.geocities.com /biodiversidadchile/biblioinvert.htm (9693 words)

	Starship Troopers Bugs by Dean Clous
		Flying: Opiliones are capable of flying at speeds of up to 30".
		This is their maximum speed; they can not double this rate to run or charge.
		Hit and Run Attack: Opiliones can make a hit and run slashing attack using the carapaces that cover their wings when not in flight.
	www.inisfail.com /bestoflist/sst-bugs.html (530 words)

	Opiliones in Belgium - published VIII.2004
		The majority of arachnologists has lost interest since some simple youth experiments with the legs.
		I couldn't beat the knowledge of the Arabel-people, so I took the Opiliones as my territory.
		Although Opiliones were never the object of a dedicated sampling session, the bottles were rich enough to keep me happy for several years on row.
	www.elve.net /opilio (548 words)

	General Biology (Course for Biology Majors) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some mites and ticks are responsible for carrying human diseases such as Lyme Disease.
		Although sometimes mistaken as spiders, harvestmen, commonly called daddy-longlegs, actually make up about 3,500 species in the Order Opiliones.
		Their body is compact, with only one oval shaped region, and they have long legs, giving them their nickname.
	www.biology.missouri.edu /courses/Bio10/arachnida.html (493 words)

	Daddy-Long-Legs, HYG-2060B-04
		Daddy-long-legs, also known as harvestmen, are very commonly confused with spiders due to their general appearance and eight legs.
		However, these tan to brown creatures belong to the order Opiliones and are not spiders, all of which belong to the order Araneae (see HYG-2060, “Spiders In and Around the House,” http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2060.html).
		Although they are close relatives of spiders, daddy-long-legs do not bite humans, and they are not poisonous (they lack venom glands).
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2060B.html (539 words)

	NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF GENEVA: Scientific department, Arthropodology and Entomology I, Staff
		MARTENS, J. A taxonomic revision of the family Oncopodidae I. New genera and new species of Gnomulus Thorell (Opiliones, Laniatores).
		SCHWENDINGER, P. A remarkable new cave-dwelling Stylocellus (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) from Peninsular Malaysia, with a discussion on taxonomic characters in the family Stylocellidae.
		Penis morphology in Oncopodidae (Opiliones, Laniatores): evolutionary trends and relationships.
	www.ville-ge.ch /musinfo/mhng/page-e/artowho.htm (3252 words)

	BAS Library Index - A
		(1999) New synonyms in the genera Discocyrtus and Pachyloides (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae); J.Arachnol.
		ACOSTA,L.E.) Field observations on Pachyloidellus goliath (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) in Pampa de Achala province of Cordoba, Argentina; Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.
		ADAMS,J.) The habitat and feeding ecology of woodland harvestmen (Opiliones) in England; Oikos 42: 361-370
	www.britishspiders.org.uk /library/a.htm (3126 words)

	Phalangium opilio
		Bishop, S. The Phalangida (Opiliones) of New York, with special reference to the species of the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve, Rensselaerville, New York.
		Certain ecological aspects of Phalangium opilio (Arthropoda: Opiliones).
		Predation on the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Phalangidae).
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/biocontrol/predators/phalangium_opilio.html (629 words)

	What's That Bug? Opiliones and Harvestmen
		I'm sure its nothing special, but my curiosity got the better of me. I live in Fairfield, California by the way.
		Daddy Long Legs or Harvestmen are harmless relatives of spiders in the Order Opiliones.
		My daughter is trying to identify bugs in her collection.
	www.whatsthatbug.com /daddy_long_legs.html (392 words)

	Daddy Longlegs
		They feed on these by sucking the fluids that are available after they crush plants with their weak jaws.
		They are very different arthropods, members of the order Opiliones.
		It's common to see these benign animals late in the season as they become full-grown.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/4DMG/Pests/daddy.htm (170 words)

	Insectarium Virtual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		l Cokendolpher, J C. Pathogens and Parasites of Opiliones Arthropoda Arachnida.
		l Cokendolpher, J C; Lanfranco,-L D. Opiliones from the Cape Horn Archipelago [Argentina, Chile]: New southern records for harvestmen.
		l Shear, W A. The Genus Chileogovea (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Petallidae).
	www.insectariumvirtual.com /termitero/chile4.htm (683 words)

	Harvestman - Daddy Longlegs
		Class: Arachnida / Order: Opiliones / Species: Leiobunum vittatum
		When I was a child, we called these creatures "daddy longlegs spiders." Upon researching them for this web page, I discovered they are not spiders at all - they inhabit their own order, the Opiliones.
		There are, indeed, true spiders (order araneae) that are called "daddy longlegs", but those are spiders of the family Pholcidae, aka cellar spiders or vibrating spiders.
	www.cirrusimage.com /harvestman.htm (443 words)

	C. Allard, University of Kentucky
		Effect of diet on the reproductive biology of the harvestman Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Phalangiidae).
		Diel activity patterns and spatial distribution of the harvestman Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) in soybean.
		I have participated in many outreach programs involving environmental education and insects in
	www.uky.edu /Agriculture/Entomology/entdept/gradstudents/callard.htm (530 words)

	BAS Library Index - M
		MACHADO,G.) The use of fruits by the neotropical harvestman Neosadocus variabilis (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptidae); J.Arachnol.
		MACHADO,G.) Multi-species aggregations in Neotropical harvestmen (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae); J.Arachnol.
		MITOV,P.G.) Harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida) - carriers of plant and fungus spores; Acta Zool.Bulg.
	www.britishspiders.org.uk /library/m.htm (12567 words)

	Flickr: Photos from Opiliones
		For some reason Kimbo prefers my neighbor's sunbaked lawn to our green one.
		View Opiliones' latest photos as a slideshow (New window
		Feeds for Opiliones' photostream Available as RSS 2.0 and Atom
	www.flickr.com /photos/opiliones (158 words)

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