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Topic: Opioid peptides

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Miller: Endogenous Opioids The latter pathway is vital to the understanding of the actions of endogenous opioids because the areas along the pathway are rich in opioid peptides and opioid receptors, and serotonin induces the release of opioid peptides. Five distinct types of opioid receptors are found in the body: mu (with subtypes mu-1 and mu-2), kappa, delta, sigma, and epsilon. The most popular action of endogenous opioids is their creation of a feeling of euphoria during exercise, which endurance athletes frequently refer to as "runner's high." Numerous investigators have observed an increase in blood plasma levels of beta-endorphin following physical activity (14). www.uoregon.edu /~iishp/MillerS.html

Autism: An Overview and Theories on its Causes Opioid peptides inhibit oxytocin release and thereby promote the preferential secretion of vasopressin when it is of functional importance to maintain homeostasis during dehydration and hemorrhage. The abnormal opioid peptides found in the urine of autistic children are known to have a number of important effects, many of which may relate to the symptoms of autism. The opioid excess theory of autism says that autistic children are symptomatic due to excess opioid-like substances, whose effects on the brain produce the symptoms of autism. www.healing-arts.org /children/autism-overview.htm

Urinary profiles from people with autism Th e effects of such opioids are difficult to predict as they are concentration dependent and the effects may be to enhance or depress various elements of the system depending upon the concentration of peptides. Opioids are well known intermediaries in neuroendocrinimmunological processes but a detailed discussion of their precise role is beyond the scope of this paper. These opioids can, perhaps through this mechanism, be involved in the pruning of CNS nerve cells, which occurs in utero and in the early years of infancy. osiris.sunderland.ac.uk /autism/pshdur96.htm

VEGAN-STRAIGHT-EDGE - Opioids In Common Food Products Gluten, and also casein, and perhaps hemoglobin are all sources of peptides of the opioid family(2,3) and demonstrate psychoactive properties in humans and in animal experiments(6). Even if one doubts that opioids are affecting cattle, the chances are that these gluteomorphines are in the bodies of grain fed cattle where they can be consumed when eating their flesh or perhaps milk(15). Side Effects: The opioids all have, in varying degrees, the potential to cause constipation, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting and cough suppression; combinations of different opioids should be avoided. www.vegan-straight-edge.org.uk /opioids.htm

Opioid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia There are four broad classes of opioids: endogenous opioid peptides, produced in the body; opium alkaloids, such as morphine (the prototypical opioid) and codeine; semi-synthetic opioids such as heroin and oxycodone; and fully synthetic opioids such as pethidine and methadone that have structures unrelated to the opium alkaloids. Opioids decrease the proliferation of macrophage progenitor cells and lymphocytes, and affect cell differentiation. The pharmacodynamic response to an opioid depends on which receptor it binds, its affinity for that receptor, and whether the opioid is an agonist or an antagonist. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opioid   (2716 words)

Neuropharmacology of Endogenous Opioid Peptides The distinction between the effects of exogenously applied opioids and effects of endogenously released opioid peptides is important, because it is not necessarily true that a given population of receptors occupied by bath-applied drug are relevant targets for opioid peptides released from endogenous stores. Less well defined is the modulatory role of opioids in the neural circuit where questions about the physical dimensions of the "opioid peptide synapse" and the kinetics of endogenous opioid action should be resolved to provide a clearer insight to the role of these neuropeptides in synaptic function. The binding of ligands to all of the three well-accepted types of opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa) is modulated by the addition of GTP to radioligand binding assays. www.acnp.org /G4/GN401000050/CH050.html   (6459 words)

Dimerization of the delta  Opioid Receptor:. IMPLICATION FOR A ROLE IN RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION -- Cvejic and Devi 272 (43): 26959 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry opioid peptides and alkaloid opiate agonists and antagonists affected alkaloid opioid agonists and it is antagonist reversible. The finding that opioid receptors may exist in dimeric form opens additional ways of understanding the function of this receptor. www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/43/26959   (5046 words)

Anti-{micro}-opioid-receptor IgG antibodies are commonly present in serum from healthy blood donors: evidence for a role in apoptotic immune cell death -- Macé et al. 100 (9): 3261 -- Blood is generated by self-opioid or opioid peptides such as casomorphins Regulation of opioid receptor trafficking and morphine tolerance by receptor oligomerization. loops of the hMOR responsible for opioid agonist mimicry www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/100/9/3261   (5751 words)

Opioid Receptor Three-Dimensional Structures from Distance Geometry Calculations with Hydrogen Bonding Constraints -- Pogozheva et al. 75 (2): 612 -- Biophysical Journal of the opioids (the disulfide-bridged cycles of the peptides and Distinct Mechanisms for Activation of the Opioid Receptor-Like 1 and kappa -Opioid Receptors by Nociceptin and Dynorphin A Construction and characterization of a kappa opioid receptor devoid of all free cysteines www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/abstract/75/2/612   (865 words)

NIH Guide: PEPTIDE REGULATION OF ALCOHOL INTAKE If ethanol exposure releases endogenous opioid peptides, a subject may be primed to continue drinking. Despite contrary evidence that chronic alcohol consumption decreases opioid gene expression in regions of the rat brain and depresses beta-endorphin release in the brains of alcoholics, chronic alcohol intake nonetheless elevates opioid levels. The goal of this initiative is to elucidate the role of peptides in pathological alcohol consumption, suggesting novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches for alcoholism. grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PAS-99-156.html   (865 words)

WHGD Topics from the Director's Report, February, 2000 Dynorphin gene expression, dynorphin peptides, and kappa-opioid receptor gene expression and binding have been shown to be altered in response to cocaine administration. Additionally, both dynorphin peptides and kappa-opioid agonists have been shown to lower dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and to attenuate cocaine-induced surges in dopamine levels. Mary Jeanne Kreek and colleagues at the Rockefeller University conducted a study to determine whether dynorphin peptides act to lower dopaminergic tone in the tuberoinfundibular system, resulting in elevated serum prolactin levels and, if so, whether such an effect is mediated by the opioid receptors. www.nida.nih.gov /WHGD/WHGDDirRep16.html   (4807 words)

Candidiasis disorders: high cholesterol, bowel, autoimmune, neuro-developmental Casomorphin and gliadorphine interact with the brain's opioid system that is involved in modulating perception, cognition, emotions, mood and behavior and these peptides are likely to be the direct cause of many symptoms. These peptides, casomorphine (derived from the milk protein casein) and gliadorphine (also known as gluteomorphine, derived from gluten found in wheat and other grass seeds) will be referred to as exorphines. According to the Excess Opioid Hypothesis autism can be explained by the effect of exorphines on neurotransmission (crosstalk of nerve cells) in the Central Nervous System. www.ninazu.com /disorders4.html   (4807 words)

Dynorphin and Dopamine The results suggest that opioid peptides, either dynorphins acting on kappa-opioid receptors or enkephalins acting on mu-opioid receptors, exert tonic inhibition on dopamine and dynorphin B release in both substantia nigra and neostriatum. basal ganglia of the rat brain by dynorphin peptides icroinjection studies have found that although dynorphin peptides decrease dopamine release in the rat basal ganglia, the nonselective opiate antagonist naloxone produces the opposite effect. www.opioids.com /dynorphin/index.html   (269 words)

Miller: Endogenous Opioids The latter pathway is vital to the understanding of the actions of endogenous opioids because the areas along the pathway are rich in opioid peptides and opioid receptors, and serotonin induces the release of opioid peptides. The most popular action of endogenous opioids is their creation of a feeling of euphoria during exercise, which endurance athletes frequently refer to as "runner's high." Numerous investigators have observed an increase in blood plasma levels of beta-endorphin following physical activity (14). In addition to analgesia, endogenous opioids have also been found to maintain feeding behavior (16). www.uoregon.edu /~iishp/MillerS.html   (1450 words)

Method of simultaneously enhancing analgesic potency and attenuating dependence liability caused by exogenous and endogenous opiod agonists - US Patent 5512578 The following drugs were used in this and the following Examples: etorphine, diprenorphine and morphine (gifts from Dr. Eric Simon); dihydroetorphine (gift from Dr. B.-Y. Qin, China and United Biomedical, Inc.); naloxone (Endo Labs); naltrexone, DADLE, dynorphin and other opioid peptides (Sigma). Etorphine and dihydroetorphine are the first compounds determined by the inventors by electrophysiologic analyses on DRG neurons to have specific antagonist action on excitatory opioid receptor functions when applied at ultra-low (pM) concentrations. These potent inhibitory effects of etorphine and dihydroetorphine on DRG neurons at low concentrations are in sharp contrast to the excitatory APD-prolonging effects observed in similar tests with morphine and a wide variety of mu, delta and kappa opioids. www.patentstorm.us /patents/5512578.html   (7582 words)

Dynorphin Selectively Augments the M-Current in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons by an Opiate Receptor Mechanism -- Madamba et al. 82 (4): 1768 -- Journal of Neurophysiology Deisz, R. Madamba, S., Moore, S., Siggins, G. Sutor, B., and Zieglgänsberger, W. Regulation of neuronal excitability by opioid peptides: intracellular analysis in several brain regions. Moore, S. Madamba, S. Schweitzer, P., and Siggins, G. Voltage-dependent effects of opioid peptides on hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Neumaier, J. Mailheau, S., and Chavkin, C. Opioid receptor-mediated responses in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/4/1768   (7582 words)

Peptide - Enpsychlopedia It has also been documented that when certain food proteins such as gluten, casein, egg protein and spinach protein are broken down, opioid peptides are formed. These peptides are quite short and are given names such as casomorphine, gluten exorphine and dermorphine. Peptides differ from proteins, which are also long chains of amino acids, by virtue of their size. psychcentral.com /wiki/Peptide   (7582 words)

Richard Egleton Publications Egleton R.D., Hruby V.J., and Davis T.P. Endocytosis: A potential role in the transport of opioid peptides across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Egleton R.D. and Davis T.P. Bioavailibility and transport of peptides and peptide drugs into the brain: Review article. Egleton R.D. and Davis T.P. Transport of the delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-penicillamine users.ahsc.arizona.edu /~davis/richardpublications.htm   (7582 words)

ENDORPHINS The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; opioid peptides is used for the broader group. "ENDORPHINS" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: endirphin, endmorphin, endophin, endorfins, endorphen, endorphenes, endorphens, endorphine, endorphines, indorphin. "ENDORPHINS" is used about 24 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/ENDORPHINS   (487 words)

Ursprünge der Landwirtschaft, Getreide schadet, GEOFF BOND, Wolfgang Lutz. Zioudrou, C., Streaty, R. and Klee, W., 1979, Opioid peptides derived from food proteins: the exorphins Journal of Biological Chemistry 254:244S9. Paroli, E., 1988, Opioid peptides from food (the exorphins), World review of nutrition and dietetics 55:58-97. Obwohl Exorphine keine durch natürliche Auslese entstandene physiologische Funktion beim Menschen haben können, heißt das nicht, dass sie keine Wirkung haben. www.josef-stocker.de /brot2.htm   (487 words)

Understanding and Implementing a Gluten; Casein Free Diet The reason for this is that opioid peptides from gliadin are almost of the same structure as casomorphins from casein. It is well known that casein (from human or cow milk) will break down in the stomach to produce a peptide known as casomorphine, which, as the name implies, will have opioid activities. It may be possible to determine, from the pattern of the urinary peptides, whether casein or wheat [gluten] or both should be avoided, but such conclusions may be premature at this stage. www.enabling.org /ia/celiac/aut/autintro.html   (7112 words)

Effects of porcine relaxin on oxytocin release from the neurohypophysis in the anaesthetized lactating rat -- O'Byrne et al. 109 (3): 393 -- Journal of Endocrinology The neurohypophysis is known to contain endogenous opioid peptides, therefore the effect of relaxin on electrically stimulated release of oxytocin from the rat isolated neural lobe in vitro was examined. This action appears to be mediated through endogenous opioid peptides whose source is not clear. They are unlikely to be of neurohypophysial origin and may probably come from the adrenal medulla, since acute adrenalectomy negated the inhibitory effect of relaxin on oxytocin release. joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/109/3/393   (7112 words)

beta-Endorphin Terms and Definitions at www.MedicalGlossary.org Home > Chemicals and Drugs > Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins > Peptides > Neuropeptides > Opioid Peptides > Endorphins > beta-Endorphin Terms and Definitions www.medicalglossary.org /endorphins_betaendorphin_definitions.html   (183 words)

Autistic Society >> Important Issues >> A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti The hypotheses as to why opioid peptides should act to produce an autistic syndrome have been fully described in a chemical manner (6,17,18,19,20) but inadequate information is available to be certain of the mechanisms described. Autistic Society >> Important Issues >> A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti : A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti www.autisticsociety.org /autism-article104.html   (445 words)

Autistic Society >> Important Issues >> A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti The hypotheses as to why opioid peptides should act to produce an autistic syndrome have been fully described in a chemical manner (6,17,18,19,20) but inadequate information is available to be certain of the mechanisms described. Autistic Society >> Important Issues >> A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti : A Chemical Aetiology for Autistic Spectrum Disorders:Opioid Peptides and Secreti www.autisticsociety.org /article104.html   (445 words)

THE HORMONE PAGE Endogenous Opioid Peptides (EOP's/opioids) - small peptides produced by the body which have opiate like activity; eg. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) - Along with the peptides Beta-endorphin, and ACTH, MSH is a peptide cleaved from the precursor polypeptide "pro-opiomelanocortin." MSH stimulates melanocytes to produce the protective brown pigment melanin (absorbs potentially harmful UV rays). Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) - ACTH is peptide released from the corticotrope cells of the anterior pituitary: ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex; corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH release from the anterior pituitary faculty.etsu.edu /currie/study/hormone.htm   (1047 words)

The Peptide Laboratory Home Page resins; synthetic peptide analogues of the dopamine, muscarinic, and opioid receptors; peptide analogues of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS, as well as numerous stock biologically active peptides. As the need for improved peptides, peptide analogues, and peptidomimetics continues to grow, be assured of our commitment to meet these needs. Our technological improvements in the production of synthetic peptides and their use as analogues of biologically important proteins has thrust us to the forefront of synthetic peptide technology. www.peptidelab.com   (400 words)

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