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Topic: Opisthokont

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	Opisthokont - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Opisthokont groups that are placed among the Protista include:
		Early phylogenies placed them near the plants and other groups that have mitochondria with flat cristae, but this character varies.
		Cavalier-Smith and Stechmann argue that the opisthokonts and possibly Amoebozoa split off from the other eukaryotes, called anterokonts or bikonts, shortly after they evolved.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opisthokont (282 words)

	An organism is any organic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This opisthokont sub-category is not a formal taxon, but it is a unique grouping of organisms in which those cells that propel themselves with flagellum have that appendage mounted in the posterior "pushing" position.
		Opisthokonts include microspores and their apparent descendants, fungi, as well as Choanoflagellates and all their apparent descendants in the animal kingdom.
		They are all opisthokont, as if that trait appeared as an extremely rare and pivotal mutation among certain protists, and was then inherited by all the generations to flower out of that line since.
	home.comcast.net /~aronra/Clades.htm (4523 words)

	Opisthokonta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Early in eukaryote evolution came the separation of bikonts and opisthokonts.
		Bikonts gave rise to green plants and major protozoan groups, whereas opisthokonts are the common ancestors of fungi, animals, and choanozoans.
		Molecular evidence (ribosomal RNA sequence phylogeny and conservation of proteins) indicates the close relationship of animals and fungi via this common ancestor, but opisthokonts have few discriminating characteristics that extend throughout the group.
	www.sciencemag.org /feature/data/tol/opisthokonta.html (101 words)

	Opisthokont: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The opisthokonts are a broad group of eukaryote (eukaryote: An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e.
		Cavalier-Smith and Stechmann argue that the opisthokonts and possibly Amoebozoa (Amoebozoa: more facts about this subject) split off from the other eukaryotes, called anterokonts or bikonts, shortly after they evolved.
		Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/opisthokont (416 words)

	Eukaryotes
		One of these lines (the opisthokonts) includes the million or so species of animals and the fungi, another (the Viridaeplantae) is formed of the green algae and the land plants.
		The majority of the lines of eukaryotes are traditionally classified in a paraphyletic assemblage of mostly unicellular organisms referred to as the protists.
		The term 'opisthokont' was introduced by Copeland (Copeland, 1956) for the chytrids - a small group of parasitic protists, now commonly included within the fungi.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Eukaryotes&contgroup=Life (4693 words)

	Universiteit van Pretoria
		This is mainly because of the morphological diversity among opisthokont eukaryotes.
		The only characters (synapomorphies) that appear to unify them (to some extent) are the presence of single posteriorly-directed flagella (like those on animal sperm cells), flattened mitochondrial cristae (plate-like infolds of the mitochondrial inner membrane) and a large insertion in the protein translation elongation factor 1a.
		Our research focuses specifically on the diversity and evolution of micro-opisthokonts, in other words the opisthokont microbes, which are mostly represented by fungi and protists.
	www.up.ac.za /academic/microbio/micro/staff/academic/steenkamp.html (567 words)

	Animal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Their closest living relatives are the choanoflagellates, which produce collars identical to those found in certain sponge cells.
		These form a supergroup called the opisthokonts because their motile cells are propelled by a posterior flagellum, as can be seen in most animal sperm.
		The first fossils that might represent animals appear towards the end of the Precambrian, and are called Vendian biota.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/animal.html (1422 words)

	Poster Contributions to the spring 2002 BSSP conference held at Bristol University. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		We were able to amplify the TS gene alone from Choanozoa and Amoebozoa; thus it is probable (but not yet certain) that they have separate genes like animals and fungi.
		As opisthokonts (Choanozoa, animals, fungi) are definitely derived, Amoebozoa are the only possible early diverging eukaryote lineage.
		Ciliary evolution suggests that even they may not be truly early diverging and that the root may lie between opisthokonts and all other eukaryotes (bikonts plus Amoebozoa).
	www.bsspweb.freeserve.co.uk /bsspsite2/posters02k.htm (4400 words)

	test
		Unfortunately, further revision may be needed as the term Opisthokonta has previously been used by Copeland (1956) for the chytrids.
		Other permanently or temporarily 'opisthokont' protists - such as several nominal pelobionts (Mastigamoeba invertens, Mastigella unica and Mastigamoeba retrograda) or the unassigned Phalansterium or Pseudaphelidium - are not included.
		An umambiguous synapomorphy and a new name are still required.
	microscope.mbl.edu /baypaul/microscope/taxonomy/Opisthokonts/Opisthos.htm (488 words)

	NAI: Year 5 Annual Report: Marine Biological Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the animals share a common and unique evolutionary history with fungi.
		Together with a several other protist groups, the animals and fungi now comprise a new complex assemblage that we describe as opisthokont protists.
		We have generated new sequence data from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gene (LSU rDNA) and the small subunit (SSU) rDNA gene of several unicellular opisthokont protists - a nucleariid amoeba (Nuclearia simplex), and four choanoflagellates (Codosiga gracilis, Choanoeca perplexa, Proterospongia choanojuncta and Stephanoeca diplocostata).
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /year5/year4.cfm?PageAction=5&Section=11&Page=20&Proj=499 (726 words)

	Abstracts from the Spring meeting 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		I shall present extensive new data on molecular phylogeny of Cercozoa and suggest that they are related to Retaria (Radiolaria and Foraminifera) and that this composite group is related to plants/chromalveolates/excavates.
		I shall give new molecular evidence on the diversity of Choanozoa and their closer relationship to animals than to fungi; all three groups comprise a robust opisthokont clade to which Apusozoa are sisters.
		The position of Amoebozoa is the least clear, since they branch quite close to the likely position of the root of the eukaryote tree, which I shall discuss.
	www.bsspweb.freeserve.co.uk /bsspsite2/abstracts01k.htm (3006 words)

	Fungi Scientific_classification Scientific_classification Domain...
		Fungi are generally believed to have evolved from the same group of flagellates that gave rise to animal animals and choanoflagellate choanoflagellates.
		These groups are known as opisthokont opisthokonts; similarities include the structure of flagella, when present, and the formation of chitin chitin in a number of different lines.
		The water mold water molds, of which potato blight potato blight is the best known example, show a hyphal organization and were once considered fungi.
	www.biodatabase.de /Fungus (1424 words)

	Dr. W. Ross Ellington - Research Laboratory
		What were the driving forces that led to the divergence and formation of isoforms of CK, each targeted to different intracellular compartments.
		Current efforts focus on lower invertebrates (sponges and cnidarians) as well as protozoans from both the anterokont (anterior cilium) and opisthokont (posterior cilium) lineages.
		Evolution of the phosphagen kinase enzyme family (in collaboration with the T. Suzuki group, Kochi University).
	www.bio.fsu.edu /ellington-lab.php (948 words)

	One subset of Gnathostomata is Osteichthyes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Most of the features found on Sarcopterygiian fish are unique to their kind and of course their evident descendants.
		Stegocephalians are a subgroup of Sarcopterygiians; organic RNA/DNA protein-based, metabolic, metazoic, nucleic, diploid, bilateral, digestive, tryploblast, opisthokont, deuterostome coelemates with spinal chords, skulls, backbones, jaws, lungs, and four legs with toes.
		Tetrapods are a sub-group of gill-less Stegocephalians with a skeletal structure adapted to operate their four limbs effectively.
	home.comcast.net /~aronra/Clades2.html (6015 words)

	Animals Scientific classification Scientific classification ...
		The last are especially close relatives, with collared cells appearing only among them, the sponges, and rarely in certain other animal forms.
		In all these groups, called opisthokont opisthokonts, motile cells cells (cells that propel themselves) have a single posterior flagellum with similar ultrastructure.
		Adult animals are typically diploid diploid, producing small motile sperm sperm and large non-motile egg eggs.
	www.biodatabase.de /animal (1501 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr's 100th Anniversary (2005)
		Finally, another node in the tree of life that has gained recent interest is that of the choanoflagellates, a unicellular sister group to metazoans (King, 2004).
		A choanoflagellate genome project is now in progress, and multiple EST initiatives for unicellular opisthokont protists are also in place.
		Ruiz-Trillo, I., Inagaki, Y., Davis, L. A., Sperstad, S., Landfald, B. & Roger, A. Capsaspora owczarzaki is an independent opisthokont lineage.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309095360/html/332.html (6290 words)

	Complex early genes -- Roy and Gilbert 102 (6): 1986 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		[Chromalveolate (42, 43)], not opisthokonts, as we have assumed.
		We also estimated ancestral densities assuming these alternatives.
		were present in the bilateran ancestor; 40% of opisthokont introns
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/6/1986 (4078 words)

	The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa -- Cavalier-Smith 52 (2): 297 -- ...
		of the eukaryote tree at the divergence between opisthokonts (animals,
		form of simultaneous, poorly resolved opisthokont and anterokont
		This article has been cited by other articles:
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/52/2/297 (1408 words)

	Foraminifera and Cercozoa share a common origin according to RNA polymerase II phylogenies -- Longet et al. 53 (6): ...
		In our ML analysis, opisthokonts do not form
		an opisthokont clade was observed but its support varied greatly
		Our data confirm the close relationship between Foraminifera
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/1735 (2775 words)

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