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Topic: Opisthosoma

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	Opisthosoma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The opisthosoma is the posterior portion of the arachnids body behind the prosoma.
		The number of segments and appendages on the opisthosoma vary.
		In general, appendages are absent or reduced, although in horseshoe crabs they persist as large plate-like limbs, called branchiophores, bearing the book gills, and that function in locomotion and gas exchange.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opisthosoma (113 words)

	Introduction to the Xiphosura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The appendages on the opisthosoma are modified into a series of overlapping plates that are used as gills for respiration.
		Behind the opisthosoma is a telson, which is elongated into a long spine, and which gives the group its name (xiphos is Greek for "sword," and uros is Greek for "tail").
		The main trends in the evolution of the xiphosurans have been an overall increase in size, a loss of segmentation on the opisthosoma, and a restriction to marine habitats.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /arthropoda/chelicerata/xiphosura.html (473 words)

	The ArachnidsSystematics
		Further, the number of pair of legs which bear gnathobases is different in the different Orders.In many Opiliones all the coxa assist in masticating the food; in the Spiders this duty is performed by the maxillae or bases of the palpal coxae only, and none of the legs shares the work.
		The ninth somite is of more diverse character.In the Scorpions and in the other Arachnida in which the prosoma and opisthosoma are joined across their whole breadth, the somite is not present in the adults, but its temporary existence has been observed in the embryo Scorpion.
		It forms the last somite of the prosoma when the body is divided into prosoma and opisthosoma, but is often taken as the first segment of the abdomen when the terms cephalothorax and abdomen are used.
	members.tripod.com /Spinnenman/ArachnEigensch.htm (5299 words)

	Yeni Sayfa 4
		Anus is located on the back side of the opisthosoma, there are 3 pairs of spinerets just botom of it.
		Small intestine enlarges in the opisthosoma reigon where it connected to liver with a few slim ducts.
		There are 3 or 4 ostiumed heart which is located on dorsal part of opisthosoma, arteries and veins, a series of body cavity or sinuses in circulatory system of spiders.
	www1.gantep.edu.tr /~varol/eng/genpremetin.htm (5448 words)

	British Arachnological Society: Frequently Asked Questions
		The cucullus is then raised; the prey is brought to the chelicerae for chewing and held in place by the cucullus that is lowered upon it.
		In both sexes, the prosoma and opisthosoma have a locking mechanism which ensures that they are held as a single rigid structure most of the time.
		The genital openings are on the ventral surface of the eighth somite and are normally concealed by the united prosoma/opisthosoma.
	www.britishspiders.org.uk /html/enquiry.php?page=43 (340 words)

	Scales of Some Salticid Spiders
		The opisthosoma of this spider is covered with broad, oval scales in multiple colors and degrees of transparency, tightly overlapping in a regular array, in the same manner as fish scales.
		These common and attractive creatures are commonly known as "zebra spiders." The integument is dark and the opisthosoma is covered with alternating bands of fl and white scales.
		Tan scales on lateral margins of the opisthosoma are similar in shape.
	www.users.uswest.net /~phidippus/page3.htm (706 words)

	Spider Anatomy
		The two sections of the spider body are called the Prosoma or Cephalothorax, which is the head region, and the Opisthosoma or Abdomen which is the rest of the body.
		The opisthosoma is normally unsegmented, (unlike the abdomen of insects) except in some of the Mesothelae, and it carries the spinnerets at its far end.
		In the opisthosoma there are many of these diverticula branch off from the midgut and surround the other organs present there.
	www.earthlife.net /chelicerata/s-anatomy.html (3265 words)

	The Rhynie Chert Mites
		Smooth, fused opisthosoma (with the exception of liphistid spiders).
		The proterosoma is subdivided into the gnathosoma (bearing the mouthparts, chelicerae and pedipalps) and propodosoma which bears the first two pairs of walking legs.
		The hysterosoma is broadly subdivided, comprising the metapodosoma (the region bearing the last two pairs of walking legs) and the opisthosoma.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /rhynie/mites.htm (955 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| A New Synziphosurine (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) From the Late Llandovery (Silurian) Waukesha Lagersttte, ...
		is characterized by a semicircular carapace with a slightly procurved posterior margin lacking genal spines and an opisthosoma composed of 10 freely articulating segments, divided into a preabdomen of seven segments with blunt pleurae and a postabdomen of three segments lacking pleurae.
		Based on measurements of the opisthosoma relative to the carapace in complete specimens a carapace width of 35.5 mm and length of 23.0 mm is calculated for UW 4001/9.
		Its position in the first segment of the opisthosoma differs from that of the reproductive organs in modern limulids or eurypterids, which are found on the opisthosomal genital operculum and second opisthosomal segment, respectively.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=132291 (4551 words)

	The Rhynie Chert Harvestmen
		The ovipositor within the opisthosoma of the female appears distinctly annulated (see inset below) and exhibits numerous short sensory setae, and together with the presence of long legs is particularly reminiscent of a particular modern harvestman clade, the Eupnoi.
		This suggests the Rhynie fossils are either representatives of the eupnoid group of harvestmen or an extinct sister taxon, either way they are unequivocally members of the harvestman crown-group.
		The respiratory structures, the trachea, comprise a series of cuticular tubes originating from the ventral surface of the anterior opisthosoma, directly behind the fourth leg coxae.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /rhynie/harvestmen.htm (922 words)

	[No title]
		These are prosoma and opisthosoma which are jointed with a pedicel.
		Both male and female have a genital hole lying down just at the hind of lungs in front-middle of opisthosoma.
		The circulatory system composed of 3 or 4 ostiumed hearts located on dorsal part of opisthosoma, arteries and veins, a series of body cavity and sinuses.
	www1.gantep.edu.tr /~varol/eng/yeni_sayfa_4.htm (2719 words)

	Digital Zoology Version 2.0 \|
		Chelicerates have two tagma: an anterior prosoma and a posterior opisthosoma, also referred to as the cephalothorax and abdomen, respectively.
		In some chelicerates, scorpions for example, the opisthosoma is further divided into a mesosoma and metasoma.
		There are no appendages on the opisthosoma, although the protective covers of the book gills in horseshoe crabs and the spinnerettes in spiders may be homologues of ancestral appendages found on the tagma.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072489529/student_view0/chapter8/answers_to_workbook_questions.html (820 words)

	Micrographia: Terrestrial Spiders: Introduction with Photomicrographs of Spiders.
		The bodies of all of the Arachnida have two main parts; the prosoma (or cephalothorax) and the opisthosoma (or abdomen).
		Between the two parts of the prosoma is the shrivelled remnant of the cuticle which once covered the opisthosoma (abdomen).
		Here, in dorsal aspect, the details of the chelicera and pedipalps are clearly seen, as are the hollows from which the spider has extracted its legs.
	www.micrographia.com /specbiol/chelicer/spidterr/spidt0100.htm (819 words)

	ENTO432 Lab1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Note the unique combination of stinging tail and chelate pedipalps, but the presence of pectines (comb-like structures) on the ventral surface of the second opisthosomal segment is an absolute give-away.
		Variation from type is common, but they differ from all but the acari in lacking obvious segmentation of the opisthosoma.
		They differ from the mites in the obvious constriction between the opisthosoma and prosoma, the presence of spinnerets on the opisthosoma, and the modified pedipalps of the males.
	virgin.msu.montana.edu /classes/Lab1.html (508 words)

	Scorpion morphology
		The scorpion's body, like that of the spider, is divided into two main sections, the prosoma (cephalothorax) and the opisthosoma (abdomen).
		The opisthosoma is divided into the anterior mesosoma and a narrow caudal (tail) section known as the metosoma.
		A sclerotized plate called the tergum covers each mesosomal segment dorsally and the genital opercula are situated ventrally in the first segment (nearest the legs).
	www.museums.org.za /bio/scorpions/morphology.htm (496 words)

	Florida Nature: Arachnida - (spiders, harvestmen, scorpions, mites, etc.)
		The attached appendages include a single pair of pre-oral chelicerae, a single pair of post-oral pedipalps, and four pairs of legs.
		Opisthosoma: The arachnid opisthosoma is its abdomen and contains 12 segments.
		The single to four pairs of spinnerets of a spider are specialized appendages used to create silk threads and are attached to the spider's opisthosoma.
	www.floridanature.org /class.asp?class=Arachnida (103 words)

	Limulu_polyph
		The prosoma also contains 2 types of eyes: 2 compound eyes, or ommatidia, are located on either side of the head; and 2 simple eyes, or ocelli, are located in the center of the head.
		The opisthosoma contains an additional 6 pairs of appendages which aid in respiration, reproduction, and locomotion.
		Limulus polyphemus is distributed geographically from approximately 19° N to 42° N along the east coast of North America from Maine through south Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the Yucatan peninsula, with peak abundance in Delaware Bay (Botton and Ropes 1987).
	www.sms.si.edu /IRLSpec/Limulu_polyph.htm (2547 words)

	Life History of the Horseshoe Crab
		Horseshoe crabs grind up their food with the base of their legs and push it into their mouths which are located between their legs (image).
		The horseshoe crab's body is divided into 3 parts: the front dome-shaped prosoma, the middle spine-edged opisthosoma, and the rear spike or telson.
		Males are smaller than the females and have a front pair of "boxing glove" pincers which they use to grasp the female's opisthosoma (image) as they follow her up sandy beaches to spawn.
	www.virtualbirder.com /vbirder/realbirds/dbhsc/HSCLife.html (972 words)

	AMNH Scientific Publications: Item 2246/2646
		Stage 1 involves active burial by downward flexion of the prosoma and a promotor-remotor swing (normal walking) by the prosomal legs.
		Sand is forced over the prosoma and anterior one-third of the opisthosoma, and a channel between these two structures is kept clear.
		Stage 3 is the final burial phase and is effected both by forward walking and forceful flapping of the opisthosoma into the substratum; burial ceases when the last posterior opisthosomal projection is finally buried.
	digitallibrary.amnh.org /dspace/handle/2246/2646 (227 words)

	Unidentified Phidippus from the Southwest
		Scales covering the opisthosoma were bright red, except for a prominent white anterior band and two pairs of white spots.
		Note the broad white band along each side of the carapace, and white chevrons on the lateral margins of the opisthosoma.
		Behind a light anterior band, the opisthosoma was covered with uniform, dull red scales.
	www.users.uswest.net /~phidippus/page2.htm (236 words)

	MEROSTOMATA Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The anterior part is the prosoma and the posterior part is the opisthosoma.
		The abdominal opisthosoma can sometimes be divided into two parts.
		Xiphosurans have appendages on the ventral side of their opisthosoma.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Merostomata/mcfad_mero2.html (300 words)

	Urticating Hairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A great number of tarantulas (from north U.S.A. through latin America) have on the opisthosoma thousands of urticating hairs.
		These hairs come off very easily from the opisthosoma (they are situated at the top of the opisthosoma) by a simple rub of one or more legs.
		There are several types of urticating hairs (see diagram) and these are also of different sizes.
	arachnophiliac.co.uk /burrow/urticating.htm (882 words)

	Araneae (spiders)
		The prosoma and opisthosoma are joined by a pedicel (see right which shows the underside of a mature female).
		The silk comes from the spinnerets (usually three pairs) which are located on the underside posterior of the opisthosoma; web construction can be used to identify to family or genus.
		The palps of the males are modified to transfer sperm into the female's epigyne (genital opening) see right and below, which is located on the dorsal side of the opisthosoma.
	www.bumblebee.org /invertebrates/Araneae.htm (1143 words)

	POGONOPHORA
		A body divided into three distinct regions; short forepart with tentacles, long, slender trunk, short, segmented opisthosoma (holdfast).
		A body wall of cuticle and epidermis, a central double band of cilia, and the opisthosoma may have chaetea
		The early descriptions did not include the opisthosoma (see right).
	www.bumblebee.org /invertebrates/POGONOPHORA.htm (185 words)

	The Nearctic Spider Database: Amaurobius latescens (Chamberlin, 1919) Description
		The sternum is the same as the coxae and the opisthosoma is pale or dark grey.
		The dorsum of the opisthosoma has 2 pale, parenthesis-shaped spots toward the anterior end and chevrons toward the posterior end.
		Description: The colour is much the same as males except the sternum of some specimens is much darker than the coxae and markings on the anterior end of the opisthosoma may be lacking.
	canadianarachnology.dyndns.org /data/spiders/22615 (279 words)

	Expression of pair-rule gene homologues in a chelicerate: early patterning of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus ...
		Cells expressing Tu-pax3/7 RNA are visible in all the prosoma segments and in three segments in the opisthosoma.
		Dark staining in the anterior of the embryo is caused by damage during preparation.
		Anterior parts of the germ band curl away from the focal plane to the left; embryos are viewed from the ventral surface.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/23/5461 (7786 words)

	How does a flower spider change color? - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The bright white coloration of the opisthosoma or "abdomen" comes from white light reflected off guanine crystals that are part of the spider's intestine.
		The opisthosoma of a juvenile spider can appear colored due to the consumption of heavily pigmented prey.
		This coloring is the pigment of the ingested prey inside the intestine and seen through the translucent opisthosoma.
	www.killerplants.com /renfields-garden/20031126.asp (542 words)

	Jumping Spider Muscles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the prosoma (cephalothorax) are shown the muscles of the endosternite, a tough membrane that lies over the back part of the brain, just beneath the sucking stomach, and which has muscles suspending it that join to the carapace and leg bases.
		Shown in both the prosoma and opisthosoma are the muscles that attach near, and probably help control, the waist (or pedicel).
		In the opisthosoma are also shown the dorsoventral muscles, and the longitudinal muscles that run along the floor of the abdomen and connect to the spinnerets.
	tolweb.org /accessory/Jumping_Spider_Muscles?acc_id=1945 (292 words)

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