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Topic: Opium

Related Topics

Opium Poppy

GOM

Opium War

Papaverine

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Opioid

War on drugs

Narcotic

First Opium War

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

Illegal drug trade

Controlled Substances Act

Paregoric

Poppy

Afyonkarahisar

	frontline: the opium kings: Opium Throughout History \| PBS
		The Dutch export shipments of Indian opium to China and the islands of Southeast Asia; the Dutch introduce the practice of smoking opium in a tobacco pipe to the Chinese.
		The British dependence on opium for medicinal and recreational use reaches an all time high as 22,000 pounds of opium is imported from Turkey and India.
		In San Francisco, smoking opium in the city limits is banned and is confined to neighboring Chinatowns and their opium dens.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history.html (2557 words)

	Opium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum).
		To harvest opium, the skin of the ripening pods is scored by a sharp blade.
		In the 19th century, the smuggling of opium to China from India, particularly by the British, was the cause of the Opium Wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opium (2398 words)

	Opium - MSN Encarta
		Opium, narcotic drug produced from the drying resin of unripe capsules of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
		Opium is grown mainly in Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Afghanistan.
		Today opium is sold on the street as a powder or dark brown solid and is smoked, eaten, or injected.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577832/Opium.html (497 words)

	Opium
		In the United States, the unrestricted availability of opium, the influx of opium-smoking immigrants from East Asia, and the invention of the hypodermic needle contributed to the more severe variety of compulsive drug abuse seen at the turn of the 20th century.
		Although opium is used in the form of paragoric to treat diarrhea, most opium imported into the United States is broken down into its alkaloid constituents.
		Opium is converted into Heroin in laboratories in the countries where it is cultivated, and then consumed locally or shipped to consumer countries.
	www.streetdrugs.org /opium.htm (269 words)

	Opium Use
		Downing elucidated the action of opium in all those countries in which it is habitually consumed, and fully proved that all the arguments produced against the use of spirits applied with tenfold force against the use of opium...Dr. J.
		With opium as free and open as it was, it hard to believe that none of the rich classes were not abusing it too.
		Opium use, was not regarded as a problem, until it became apparent that the working-classes were clearly abusing the substance.
	www.gober.net /victorian/reports/opium.html (2298 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Opium is a narcotic drug, which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
		Opium is highly physically addictive and its pharmacological action occurs because it binds to endorphin receptors in the brain.
		Opium is also illegally processed into heroin, and most current drug abuse occurs with processed derivatives rather than with raw opium.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/o/op/opium.html (321 words)

	THE PERNICIOUS OPIUM POPPY
		Pliny the Elder warned of the dangers of opium; however, its use as a medicine created addicts, such as the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and the great Arabic physician Avicenna died of an unintentional overdose of opium in wine.
		Opium smoking in China was forbidden in the 1690s, but the British East India Company smuggled opium into China and promoted its importation.
		Opium, and especially morphine, was an important painkiller during the Civil War, but its use created many addicts.
	www.botgard.ucla.edu /html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Papaver (1574 words)

	Opium Chinese Restaurant Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Opium situated in the fashionable Lace Market brings a unique Chinese dining experience to Nottingham which rivals the best in the country.
		Opium's cuisine is truly remarkable and Nottingham diners are lucky to have such a standard of Chinese cooking in their area.
		Opium is the perfect venue for an intimate meal, corporate occasion or wedding.
	www.opium-pearl-republic.co.uk /OPIUM (339 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		An opiate is defined as the drug derived from the opium poppy and are found in the milky substance extracted from the unripe seeds.
		Opium has the appearance of dark brown chunks called cakes or bricks or as a powder form.
		These include the amount of opium taken, the users past drug experiences, the manner in which the drug is taken, and psychological and emotional stability of the person taking the drug (see Britannica on Alcohol and Drug Consumption).
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/opium.htm (1258 words)

	Drug Policy Alliance: Opium and the British Indian Empire
		To support its general conclusion that opium was not harmful in the Indian context, the Commission relied heavily upon an analysis of the evidence developed in a separate memorandum by Sir William Roberts.
		The respondents agreed that opium use was widespread and generally moderate; that long-term users tended to find a tolerable dosage level and to maintain that without change; that moderate opium use rarely led to excessive consumption; and that its medical value to the population of India very great.
		Opium is amazingly cheap, duty included; it prolongs life after a certain age, and it can be asserted with all the force of truth and seriousness that its substitution in place of alcohol,… will bring back happiness to thousands of families in Great Britain and Ireland where there is no happiness now.
	www.drugpolicy.org /library/opium_india.cfm (5873 words)

	From Flowers to Heroin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Heroin is derived from raw opium gum, which is produced only by the opium poppy plant, although other varieties of poppy exist.
		Opium is also used locally as a substitute for modern medicines because few medical supplies are available in these remote areas.
		Boiling water is used to dissolve opium gum; 55-gallon drums are used for boiling vessels; and burlap sacks are used to filter and strain liquids.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/heroin/flowers_to_heroin.htm (1036 words)

	opium perfume
		Are opium perfume cognizant opium perfume of their next pay day.
		The initial opium perfume loan is a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic, fever reducer.
		Add to the things that opium perfume are useful to individuals ask creditors for opium perfume more opium perfume than car insurance.and lenders are closed on opium perfume the next morning and it's completely confidential.
	www.blogstudio.com /wopiumperfume (1408 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| The drugs threat to Afghanistan
		That means an opium farmer may be earning 10 times as much as the government soldier or policeman whose job it is to enforce the law against growing the crop.
		A policy where farmers are paid to destroy their opium poppies (the 'compensatory eradication' programme) has been heavily criticised as a waste of money.
		The 185 tonnes of opium produced that year - compared to the 3,600 tonnes in 2003 - mostly came from the small area of northern Afghanistan then held by the Northern Alliance that later helped US forces topple the Taleban.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/3476377.stm (888 words)

	AllRefer.com - opium (Pharmacology) - Encyclopedia
		opium, substance derived by collecting and drying the milky juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
		Opium varies in color from yellow to dark brown and has a characteristic odor and a bitter taste.
		A tincture of opium is called laudanum; paregoric is a mixture of opium, alcohol, and camphor.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/opium.html (184 words)

	[No title]
		Partly, this was due to opium imported from British India, which amounted to nearly 17000 chest (1215 tons) per year in 1830 compared with 200 chests (14 tons) before 1773 and with 4000 chests (285 tons) by 1790.
		To a great extend, the increase in the number of opium addicts during the first half of the 19th century could be attributed to the expansion of Chinese domestic poppy cultivation.
		This opium is usually sold to Vietnamese army officers whose troops are stationed in the area.
	www.hmongnet.org /hmong-au/opium.htm (1746 words)

	Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars
		In an effort to stem the tragedy, the imperial government made opium illegal in 1836 and began to aggressively close down the opium dens.
		His express purpose was to cut off the opium trade at its source by rooting out corrupt officials and cracking down on British trade in the drug.
		The most ignominious of the provisions in these treaties was the complete legalization of opium and the humiliating provision that allowed for the free and unrestricted propagation of Christianity in all regions of China.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM (1237 words)

	Opium - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Opium and its various constituents exert effects upon the body ranging from analgesia, or insensitivity to pain, to narcosis, or depressed physiological activity leading to stupor.
		Opium addicts in otherwise good physical and mental health whose drug needs are met are thought to experience no debilitating physiological effects from their addiction, although there is some evidence that immune function is compromised.
		The medicinal properties of opium have been known from the earliest times, and it was used as a narcotic in Sumerian and European cultures at least as early as 4000 &BC; The drug was introduced into India by the Muslims and its use spread to China.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?enc=35340 (783 words)

	Opium Wars
		The sale of opium had been made illegal in China in 1800, but the fl-market narcotics trade flourished in defiance of the law, and there were an estimated two million Chinese opium addicts.
		On March 10, 1839, Lin proclaimed that the opium trade would no longer be tolerated in Canton, and he began arresting known opium dealers in the local schools and naval barracks.
		He advised the spirit that he “should shortly be dissolving opium and draining it off to the great ocean,” and suggested that all sea creatures should retreat to deeper water “to avoid being contaminated,” until the opium was completely run off.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /opium.htm (2545 words)

	Asia Times Online - The trusted source for news on Central Asia
		According to the Afghanistan Opium Survey for 2003 brought out by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and the Afghan government, Afghanistan produced 3,600 tonnes of opium this year.
		Opium is cultivated in 28 of the country's 32 provinces.
		So serious is the threat posed by poppy cultivation and trafficking that a recent UN Security Council mission to Afghanistan cited drug trafficking alongside terrorism and factional warfare as the triple threats slowing down the reconstruction process in that country.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/EL09Ag02.html (1098 words)

	PoppiesInternational.com opium Poppies International - Buy poppies, papaver somniferum seeds, dried poppy pods & blue ...
		To a great extend, the increase in the number of opium addicts during the first half of the 19th century could be attributed to the expansion of Chinese domestic opium poppy cultivation.
		(cultivating) principally the opium poppy." This is in great contrast to those who went to live in southern Yunnan where their economy consisted of "fire-field rice cultivation, maize and buckwheat" together with the grazing of goats and buffaloes.
		The introduction of farm communes in some areas is said to have enabled a number of Hmong in Hunan to earn extra income from the pressing of tea for oil and rice from hulling using water power from mountain streams.
	www.poppiesinternational.com /opium/opium.html (1773 words)

	Opium \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It was a popular painkiller in the 19th century with some doctors, but a lot of the patients had trouble kicking the habit when the time came to get off of the painkillers.
		Opium was widely used historical by many people, including Winston Churchill.
		In any case, on his very remote property, he had a small plot of opium plants that had been there since the Chinese laborers who worked to build the railroad planted it there during the 19th Century.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/47770 (4531 words)

	Pakistan
		The cultivation of opium, which was formerly centred in India, Turkey, and China and was sometimes carried on legally, shifted to other countries and became wholly illicit in the second half of the 20th century.
		The US military was apparently promised illicit opium money from the subsequent war in Afghanistan if it promised to participate in the 911 attacks.
		I further asserted, in Opium Lords, that opium smuggling has been exploited by Israel for political reasons, even though the Western powers have been in the drug smuggling business for nearly two centuries—since the Opium Wars with China.
	www.jfkmontreal.com /pakistan.htm (489 words)

	Erowid Opiates Vault : "Red Rock Opium" Myth #1
		We attained a 20mg sample of the reddish powder which was sold as ground "Red Rock Opium" from a trusted individual who had been smoking the material regularly for approximately a year, had previously had opportunities to smoke fl tar opium, and believed the material to be a weaker form of opium.
		The flavor and mouth-feel of the smoke was the same as the "opium" we had encountered at Burningman.
		The suggestion of opium, the power of the imagination, and the effect of physically taking smoke into the lungs could be enough for many people to experience noticeable effects.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/opiates/opiates_myth1.shtml (1414 words)

	OPIUM cologne by Yves Saint Laurent
		Opium cologne opium cologne OPIUM cologneopium yves saint laurent
		Opium cologne for men was created by Yves Saint Laurent in 1977.
		Opium Cologne by Yves Saint Laurent is a blend of vanilla, ginger, pepper, cedar and balsam.
	www.4-fragrances.com /men/opium-m.htm (54 words)

	Opium » World of Warcraft Addons and UI Mods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Opium is a tool for managing KoS lists, keeping track of PvP (and duel) stats and generally storing player info.
		* Opium can keep track of who have killed you and who you have killed, and generate statistics for this.
		set up Opium to store the info of every player you come across, the the memory usage is quite minimal.
	www.curse-gaming.com /en/wow/addons-400-1-opium.html (1392 words)

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