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Topic: Opium Poppy

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	Opium poppy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the type of poppy from which opium and all refined opiates such as morphine are extracted, as well as an important food item.
		The seeds of the poppy are widely used as the popular "poppy-seed" found in and on many food items such as bagels, muffins and cakes.
		Opium was used for treating asthma, stomach illnesses, and bad eye sight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opium_poppy (684 words)

	Opium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum).
		To harvest opium, the skin of the ripening pods is scored by a sharp blade.
		An early form of opium smoking involved the consumption of madak, a blend of tobacco and opium that became common in Asia in the 17th and 18th centuries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opium (2786 words)

	Opium
		Poppy growers working on licensed farms, where poppies are cultivated for the pharmaceutical industry, do this by dipping the blade in water, peasant farmers, who are the vast majority of the world's poppy growers, often simply lick the blade.
		Opium eating refers, in effect, to the general swallowing of it for as well as eating it in solid form it is also possible to drink raw opium dissolved in a variety of liquids.
		Opium in solution might well have been the first common method of taking it as, before the technique of cutting the pods to allow the sap to ooze out, the whole poppy head was crushed and mixed with wine or honey and water.
	www.wellesley.edu /Chemistry/Chem101/opiates/booth-opium.html (5507 words)

	POPPY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Opium and the isoquinoline alkaloids morphine, codeine, noscapine, papaverine, and thebaine are isolated from the dried material.
		Opium and derivatives of opium are used in the pharmaceutical industry as narcotic analgesics, hypnotics, and sedatives.
		Poppy seed is generally recognized as safe for human consumption as a spice or a natural flavoring (21 CFR section 182.10 [1982]).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/med-aro/factsheets/POPPY.html (589 words)

	The Early History of the Poppy and Opium
		The goddess appears to be in a state of torpor induced by opium; she is in ecstasy, pleasure being manifested on her face, doubtless caused by the beautiful visions aroused in her imagination by the action of the drug.
		In the Hippocratic period the poppy was known to the Macedonians, and its existence is mentioned as an ornament on the rooftop of the Philippeion erected at Olympia in honour of Philip.
		According to Gabra,[122] the poppy is there referred to as shepenn[123] and its description coincides with that of the later Coptic medical papyrus, known as the Chassinat papyrus in which, as Gabra states, opium is mentioned twenty-two times as being used principally for external treatment in the form of eye-drops, ointments, or powders.
	www.poppies.org /news/99502023966018.shtml (9909 words)

	Opium Poppy
		Opium (the dried latex) is a potent narcotic, analgesic, and antispasmodic, and has been taken to relieve pain of all kinds.
		Opium is used for two types of mental state that can occur after a severe scare or shock, such as the death of a loved one.
		The opium poppy is native to western Asia; opium poppy is now cultivated commercially around the world as the source of morphine and codeine, and as an illegal crop for the production of opium and heroin.
	www.herbs2000.com /herbs/herbs_poppy_opium.htm (1222 words)

	Opium
		In the United States, the unrestricted availability of opium, the influx of opium-smoking immigrants from East Asia, and the invention of the hypodermic needle contributed to the more severe variety of compulsive drug abuse seen at the turn of the 20th century.
		Opium is the substance that is directly extracted from the Opium poppy.
		Opium is converted into Heroin in laboratories in the countries where it is cultivated, and then consumed locally or shipped to consumer countries.
	www.streetdrugs.org /opium.htm (269 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Poppy, White - Herb Profile and Information
		Opium and morphine do not produce in animals the general calmative and hypnotic effects which characterize their use in man, but applied locally, they effectually allay pain and spasm.
		Poppy heads of pale colour are most desired, but a week's rain, or even a few nights' heavy dew, may spoil the colour of the ripening fruit.
		Syrup of Poppy is often employed to allay cough and likewise as an opiate for children; in the latter case it should be used with great caution.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/p/popwhi64.html (1993 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		An opiate is defined as the drug derived from the opium poppy and are found in the milky substance extracted from the unripe seeds.
		Opium has the appearance of dark brown chunks called cakes or bricks or as a powder form.
		These include the amount of opium taken, the users past drug experiences, the manner in which the drug is taken, and psychological and emotional stability of the person taking the drug (see Britannica on Alcohol and Drug Consumption).
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/opium.htm (1258 words)

	The opium poppy
		The first known civilization to culture opium poppy plants was the Sumerians, at the end of the third millennium B.C., and their name for opium poppy was hul gil which translates into plant of joy” suggesting that the opium extracted from the plant was used as a narcotic (Facchini and De Luca, 1995).
		Historically, opium has been used by Europeans as a pain suppressant, to calm children, and was even used in tea in the 19th century.
		The localization of alkaloid compounds in the opium poppy is not well understood, because the functions of many of the compounds and how they interact with the abiotic and biotic aspects of the plants environment are unknown.
	usask.ca /agriculture/plantsci/classes/plsc416/projects_2002/gibson (823 words)

	Papaver somniferum
		Opium is the air-dried milky exudation obtained from excised unripe fruits.
		Hartwell (1967–1971) mentions opium as a remedy for such cancerous conditions as cancer of the skin, stomach, tongue, uterus, carcinoma of the breast, polyps of the ear, nose, and vagina; scleroses of the liver, spleen, and uterus; and tumors of the abdomen, bladder, eyes, fauces, liver, spleen, and uvula.
		somniferum, and is, perhaps, one of the ancestors of the cultivated opium poppy.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Papaver_somniferum.html (1646 words)

	Opium Poppy
		The raw opium sap drips from fresh cuts into the pericarp of the capsules, and upon oxidation and solidification in the air it turns fl.
		The poppy seeds used on bagels and rolls also come from opium poppies, and although they don't cause any narcotic effects on hungry people after their coffee breaks, they can trigger a positive reaction in very sensitive urine tests for drugs.
		Seeds from the opium poppy are commonly used on poppy seed bagels.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /opium.htm (591 words)

	Opium Made Easy (Harper's, April 1, 1997)
		The legality of growing opium poppies (whose seeds are sold under many names, including the breadseed poppy, Papaver paeoniflorum, and, most significantly, Papaver somniferum) is a tangled issue, turning on questions of nomenclature and epistemology that it took me the better part of the summer to sort out.
		The prohibited poppy is defined as a "plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., except the seed thereof," and poppy straw is defined as "all parts, except the seeds, of the opium poppy, after mowing." In other words, dried poppies.
		The cultivation of opium poppy in the United States is illegal, as is the possession of "poppy straw," (all parts of the harvested opium poppy except the seeds).
	balder.prohosting.com /~adhpage/arc_pw/opiumeasy_cache.html (13676 words)

	grow opium poppy
		The opium poppy, also known as papaver somniferum, is a variety of the family of the papaver plants.
		The opium poppy is perhaps the most popular among all other varieties, due to the opium contained in all the plant, except for the seeds, which are absolutely harmless.
		Before the twentieth century to grow opium poppy and consuming it, was not forbidden as it is today, it was used as a medicine, and not meant as a drug.
	www.driedpoppies.com /articles/grow-opium-poppy.html (459 words)

	Opium Poppy
		Despite the Afghanistan poppy ban, large seizures of opiates originating in Afghanistan continued to be made in Pakistan and other neighboring countries in 2001.
		This indicated that, despite the poppy ban, drug traffickers were able to draw on stockpiles of opium produced in Afghanistan over the last several years.
		With reports that farmers had started to replant opium in Afghanistan during the 2001 October-December planting season it is not known what effect this may have on the world's heroin production.
	www.streetdrugs.org /poppy2.htm (286 words)

	Opium Poppy Seeds from Poppies.org! Papaver Somniferum Seeds.
		Opium poppy seeds and poppies are papaver somniferum.
		Entheogen or ethnobotanical for the opium is the poppy seed of the entheogen.
		Seeds and opium, poppy seed entheogen with the ethnobotanical.
	store.poppies.org /seeds (411 words)

	Papaver Somniferum: Exploring the impact of the opium poppy on society
		The most famous, naturally, is the species "papaver somniferum" which produces Opium, from which Morphine and Codeine are extracted for use as an analgesic narcotic in the treatment of mild to severe pain.
		California Poppies are not Papaver, and therefore do not contain any of the familiar alkaloids that are present in strains such as the Somniferum.
		According to American folk medicine herbals-they were used by the native americans-the sap for toothache-tea for colic in babies-used for mild pain as a tea or soaked in hot water then used as a compress.
	www.poppies.org (1134 words)

	Opium Poppy
		The Papaver Somniferum (Opium Poppy) plant was cultivated in the ancient civilizations of Persia, Egypt and Mesopotamia.
		The first known written reference to the Papaver somniferum Opium poppy appears in a Sumerian text dated around 4,000 BC.
		Opium Poppy flower pods grow from a lettuce-like base, atop a single stalk, somtimes over 4 feet tall.
	ethnogens.com /opiumpoppy.html (185 words)

	PLANT CULTURES - Opium poppy
		In the nineteenth century opium poppies used to be grown in Surrey, Britain as a source of medicine.
		Opium is harvested by making a cut in fruit capsules and collecting the milky sap that oozes from it.
		The pain-relief medicine codeine is derived from opium poppies.
	www.plantcultures.org.uk /plants/opium_poppy_landing.html (183 words)

	Opium Poppy \| Opium Poppies \| Opium Information
		An opioid or narcotic, made from the white liquid in the poppy plant.
		Opium can cause euphoria, followed by a sense of well-being and a calm drowsiness or sedation.
		Use of opium with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, or general anesthetics, increases the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression.
	www.drugfree.org /Portal/drug_guide/Opium (191 words)

	Opium poppy seed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We are to 20 miles of the nearest hundreds of the city and the border of acres of the crown Earth that is vacated but for the many forms of fauna which they live there.
		He is not unusual to solve a family of fl bears whereas it walks to our field of the poppy of 10 acres in the posteriora part of our characteristic.
		There are portions of photos in our "gallery" of several varieties of the poppy in the flowering that these are all our own photos of the poppies we grow here in the farm of Esmirna.
	opium.kapushon.com /opium-poppy-seed.htm (428 words)

	Erowid Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy) Vault
		What are the differences between opium, heroin, and red r...
		On the Trail of the Ancient Opium Poppy, by M. Merlin
		Poppies: The Poppy Family in the Wild and Cultivation, by C. Grey-Wilson
	www.erowid.org /plants/poppy/poppy.shtml (190 words)

	PLANT CULTURES - Opium poppy plant profile
		Opium poppy is an upright herb growing to a height of 50 -150 cm.
		The liquid that is obtained from the fruit capsule contains morphine alkaloids which are dried to produce raw opium.
		Opium is used to manufacture medicinal drugs such as codeine and morphine, and for illegal drugs such as heroin.
	www.plantcultures.org.uk /plants/opium_poppy_plant_profile.html (142 words)

	Poisonous Plants: Papaver somniferum
		Erect annual with milky juice; leaves alternate, simple, clasping, toothed; flowers terminal, with 5-more showy petals (white, pink, red, or purple); fruit a capsule with an expanded disc at the top and over small holes through which the minute seeds are dispersed.
		In landscape occasionally in flower garden, it is illegal to cultivate opium poppy.
		The garden poppies are a different species and may or may not contain opium alkaloids.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/hort/consumer/poison/Papavso.htm (237 words)

	Poppy Seeds
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		Papaver Somniferum - Opium Poppy Persian White Variety
		* ayahuasca caapi chacruna viridis virola prickly opium poppy kratom salvia dagga kanna amanita voacanga calamus betal wormwood san pedro peruvian torch syrian rue harmala *
	www.shamanhut.com /opium-poppy-c-26.html (101 words)

	Webster's NewWorld Dictionary: opium poppy@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
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		opium poppy an annual poppy (Papaver somniferum) with grayish-green...
		This material is published under license from the publisher through ProQuest Information and Learning Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1P1:28315756/opium+poppy.html?refid=holomed_1 (80 words)

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