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Topic: Opsonization

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	Opsonin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the process of opsonization, antigens are bound by antibody and/or complement molecules.
		Most phagocytic binding cannot occur without opsonization of the antigen.
		Furthermore, opsonization of the antigen and subsequent binding to an activated phagocyte will cause increased expression of complement receptors on neighboring phagocytes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opsonization (176 words)

	Antibody opsonization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antibody opsonization is when antibodies opsonize a pathogen, making it ready for digestion.
		This opsonization makes the pathogen vulnerable for phagocytosis because the antibody interacts with the Fc receptor on the phagocyte.
		Since antibodies also trigger the complement system (and the complement molecules also bind to the pathogen to opsonize it), the pathogen is then doubly vulnerable since the complement can bind to complement receptors such as CR1 on the phagocyte's surface, making it more recognizable as a pathogen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antibody_opsonization (111 words)

	Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by a family of isotype-switch variant antibodies specific for the capsular ...
		Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by a family of isotype-switch variant antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide.
		Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by a family of isotype-switch variant antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide.A family of immunoglobulin isotype-switch variants was isolated by sib selection from a murine hybridoma which produced an immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) antibody specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans.
		Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the reactivity of the three isotypes with cryptococcal polysaccharide showed identical titers and slopes, suggesting that the variable region of the class-switch antibodies was unaltered.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/10648.html (237 words)

	Journal of Neuroinflammation \| Full text \| Microglial responses to amyloid beta peptide opsonization and indomethacin ...
		Opsonization with anti-Aβ antibodies significantly enhanced chemotaxis-like shifts in microglial distributions, an effect that was especially prominent at Day 9 (Table 1) (Fig.
		Opsonization of Aβ spots with anti-Aβ antibody 6E10 significantly enhanced microglial migration to the spots, phagocytosis of the spots, and cytokine secretion.
		Similar effects of opsonization on microglial migration and phagocytosis have also been reported using anti-Aβ antibodies and an in vitro preparation in which cultured rodent microglia were seeded onto postmortem AD cortex sections laden with Aβ deposits [6].
	www.jneuroinflammation.com /content/2/1/18 (4409 words)

	eMedicine - Complement Deficiencies : Article by R Krishna Chaganti
		The 3 major sequelae of complement deficiencies, based on the pathophysiology of each defect, are (1) defects that result in inadequate opsonization, (2) defects in cell lysis, and (3) the association of complement deficiencies with immune complex diseases.
		Opsonization is the process of coating a pathogenic organism so that it is more easily ingested by the macrophage system.
		Such opsonization defects can be caused by deficiencies in components of the classic, alternative, or MBL pathways, or defects may be caused by deficiencies of the C3b component itself.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic419.htm (4385 words)

	Abopsonization
		Opsonization is the process whereby a pathogen or foreign particle is coated with protein, called an opsonin, that will facilitate elimination of the pathogen from the body.
		In the case of antibody acting as an opsonin, the Fc receptors on the surface of the phagocytic cell binds to the Fc (tail) portion of the antibody molecule which triggers the cell to engulf the particle.
		The class of antibody involved in opsonization is IgG.
	www.msu.edu /~brooks/Abopsonization.htm (94 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Immune system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Adhesion is enhanced by opsonization, where proteins like opsonins are coated on the surface of the bacterium.
		A cascade of protein activity follows complement activation; this cascade can result in a variety of effects, including opsonization of the pathogen, destruction of the pathogen by the formation and activation of the membrane attack complex, and inflammation.
		The adaptive immune system, also called the "acquired immune system", ensures that most mammals that survive an initial infection by a pathogen are generally immune to further illness, caused by that same pathogen.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Immune_system (2058 words)

	Parasitology: Digeneans info
		Components of the complement system cause opsonization which is the process of coating micro-organisms with some of the proteins found in plasma, to make them more easily phagocytosable.
		Opsonization is stimulated by complement bound to antibody-antigen targets.
		Even when antibody and complement opsonize certain bacteria and phagocytosis occurs, they are not killed but survive and multiply in macrophages, e.g.
	www.aber.ac.uk /parasitology/Edu/EvasImmu/ImmuTxt1.htm (4290 words)

	Neutralizing Antibodies to Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Promote Phagocytosis of Bordetella pertussis by Human Neutrophils -- ...
		(B) Following opsonization by a human immune serum, attachment is mediated by the interaction of the antibody and the Fc receptor, but the wild-type strain is not efficiently phagocytosed.
		(C) Following opsonization by a human serum in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to adenylate cyclase toxin, the binding of the antibody to multiple Fc receptors signals the neutrophil to undergo cytoskeletal rearrangements.
		The phagosomal membrane zippers around the opsonized organism, increasing the number of receptors bound to the antibody and the affinity of the interaction and ultimately leading to internalization (arrow).
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/12/7152?view=full&pmid=11083845 (2544 words)

	Enhanced Phagocytosis of Candida Species Mediated by Opsonization with a Recombinant Human Antibody Single-Chain ...
		There was a significant increase in the level of phagocytosis of opsonized versus mock-opsonized blastoconidia for donor A (P < 0.001) but not for donor B (P = 0.127).
		Phagocytosis of opsonized yeast induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA accumulation and protein release by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
		The role of complement and antibody in opsonization and intracellular killing of Candida albicans.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/12/7228 (2050 words)

	CD47-Signal Regulatory Protein {{alpha}} (SIRP{{alpha}}) Regulates Fc{{gamma}} and Complement Receptor-mediated ...
		In Vivo Clearance of Unopsonized or Opsonized RBCs.
		Opsonization of RBCs and clearance of injected RBCs was performed and followed as described in the legend to Fig 1.
		IgG opsonization is increased (Fig 1 and Fig 2).
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/193/7/855 (4377 words)

	Opsonization of Apoptotic Cells by Autologous iC3b Facilitates Clearance by Immature Dendritic Cells, Down-regulates DR ...
		Opsonization of Apoptotic Cells by Autologous iC3b Facilitates Clearance by Immature Dendritic Cells, Down-regulates DR and CD86, and Up-regulates CC Chemokine Receptor 7 -- Verbovetski et al.
		Apoptotic cells opsonized by iC3b, down-regulate MHC class II and CD86, and immune-paralyze the effect of CD40L or LPS, on iDCs.
		Upon exposure to opsonized apoptotic cells marked down-regulation of CCR2 and CCR5 was observed (median fluorescences were down-regulated (from 9.14 to 1.88, and from 21 to 1.55, respectively, P < 0.001).
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/196/12/1553 (5213 words)

	Opsonization, Immunology Bookcase, Dalhousie University
		Opsonization is the process where particles such as microorganisms become coated with molecules which allow them to bind to receptors on phagocytes.
		Antibodies (especially IgG) and complement proteins like C3b can opsonize and are therefore referred to as "opsonins".
		The antibodies and C3b tag the microorganisms for destruction by phagocytes.
	pim.medicine.dal.ca /opson.htm (102 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience, 3, d136-151, February 1, 1998]
		In the absence of altered inflammatory cell recruitment, survival prolongation and reduction in lung CFU is attributed to enhanced opsonization of cryptococci, with resulting enhancement of macrophage effector function (100).
		Thus, while it is likely that opsonization of cryptococci with increased phagocytosis is one effect of Ab, is unlikely that this is the sole mechanism by which mAb exerts its protective effect.
		Ab opsonization results in the formation of three dimensional structures in which yeast are surrounded by mononuclear cells which then fuse (158,159).
	www.bioscience.org /1998/v3/d/feldmess/d136-151.htm (11027 words)

	540 Quiz 4 & Answers
		The two most important functions are opsonization and immune-complex removal.
		"Opsonization, which is caused by C3bi, is one of the most important activities of the complement system.
		When C3bi, being an opsonin, is covalently bound to a microbe, macrophages phagocytize the microbe, therefore eliminating its possible spread through the body.
	www.bio.umass.edu /micro/immunology/q4a.htm (442 words)

	Mechanism and Computer Simulation of Immune Complex Formation, Opsonization and Clearance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A computer simulation of immune complex formation, opsonization and clearance has been developed (ICMODEL) utilizing equations describing the kinetics of 18 known immunological processes.
		Concentration-time profiles were computed and displayed for 12 intermediates including: antigen; antibody; complement; unopsonized, opsonized and factor I-modified immune complexes; fraction of immune complexes bound to Fc, CR1 and CR2 receptors; B and T lymphocytes; and plasma cells.
		Antigen could be infused into the system at a steady rate, injected as a bolus or injected as a bolus on top of a steady infusion.
	www.hamline.edu /~lupus/abstracts/runquist.html (449 words)

	Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by human anticryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antibodies.
		Opsonization of Cryptococcus neoformans by human anticryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan antibodies.
		When PBMC Fc gamma RIIa receptors were blocked, a 75% decrease in phagocytosis occurred following incubation of the PBMCs with C. neoformans opsonized with these sera.
		Our data indicate that, in the absence of complement, human anti-GXM-TT antibodies are opsonic and that antibodies of the immunoglobulin G2 isotype are effective opsonins.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/dec/M96C0827.html (451 words)

	Opsonization and Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites Measured by Flow Cytometry -- Kumaratilake and ...
		Opsonization and Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites Measured by Flow Cytometry
		Histogram A, neutrophils incubated with merozoites in the absence of opsonin or cytokines.
		Plasmodium falciparum: isolation and purification of spontaneously released merozoites by nylon membrane sieves.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/7/1/9 (2816 words)

	New protective antigen of group A streptococci -- Dale et al. 103 (9): 1261 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		Spa was a fragment of the larger native protein.
		Opsonization of heterologous serotypes of group A streptococci by Spa antiserum.
		Opsonization of heterologous serotypes of group A streptococci by rabbit antisera against purified Spa and a crude pepsin extract of M18
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/103/9/1261 (5024 words)

	JN 2004; Vol.17 n.3: 427-430 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The value of immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches and, especially, methods aimed at augmenting opsonization in the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is unclear.
		In this study, the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) immunoglobulin (Ig) usage, as an approach for strengthening opsonization, was evaluated in CAPD peritonitis.
		On the other hand, several studies have shown that opsonization, phagocytosis and chemotactic activity of peritoneal defense system cells can be reduced during CAPD peritonitis.
	www.sin-italy.org /jnonline/Vol17n3/427.html (1990 words)

	The Anatomy of Antibody-Mediated Etiologies of the Neuropathies
		Opsonization is a process where bacteria, virus-infected cells and others are tagged for destruction.
		Antibodies are the tags (or opsonins) because one end (Fab) binds to an antigen on the surface of the organism.
		Antibodies may also stimulate extra-cellular killing with an oxidative burst and the release from phagocytes of free radicals and destructive enzymes.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/pns/14755 (494 words)

	Opsonic Activity of Serum and Whey from Cows Immunized with the Ferric Citrate Receptor -- Wise et al. 86 (1): 146 -- ...
		Phagocytic index (A), percentage of neutrophils phagocytizing bacteria (B), and number of bacteria per phagocytizing neutrophil (C) for Escherichia coli opsonized with 10% heat-inactivated serum from Escherichia coli J5-immunized cows (solid bars) (n=5), unimmunized controls (open bars) (n=5), and FecA immunized cows (diagonal hashed bars) (n=5).
		Antibodies to iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of coliform bacteria isolated from bovine intramammary infections.
		A role of IgM in the in vitro opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/86/1/146 (2115 words)

	Comparison of neutrophil function IN patients with thalassemia major and healthy Controls
		There are many reports of defective neutrophil function in patients with thalassemia major that lead them to increased susceptibility to acquire infections.
		There were no significant differences in phagocytosis, NBT reduction, and opsonization in neutrophil function between patients and controls.
		No significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of NBT reduction, opsonization and phagocytosis of C.
	www.ams.ac.ir /AIM/0253/0253175.htm (1699 words)

	opsonization - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "opsonization" is defined.
		opsonization : Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary [home, info]
		Opsonization : Drug Discovery and Development [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=opsonization (114 words)

	Immunoglobulins
		Opsonization: When bound on the surface of extracellular pathogens, the Ig Fc region can bind to receptors on macrophages and aid phagocytosis.
		This is referred to as the classical pathway of complement activation.
		In addition, complement breakdown products also serve to opsonize the pathogen, attract more macrophages, and form pores on the surface of the microorganisms.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /immunology/Ig_text.htm (387 words)

	Immune system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The B cell can either directly become one of these cell types or go through an intermediate differentiation step - the germinal center reaction where the B cell will hypermutate the variable region of the antibody and possibly class switch.
		Plasma cells secrete antibodies which assist in the destruction of antigens by binding to them and making them easier targets for phagocytes (a process known as opsonization).
		Antibodies can also elicit the complement cascade, which also makes antigens an easier target for other cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immune_system (4376 words)

	16{alpha}-Bromoepiandrosterone, an Antimalarial Analogue of the Hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone, Enhances Phagocytosis ...
		Treatment and opsonization of nonparasitized and parasitized RBC, preparation of monocytes, and measurement of phagocytosis.
		a 10% hematocrit and opsonized for 30 min at 37°C. Thereafter,
		and opsonization that occur in senescent, oxidatively damaged
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/10/3180 (3348 words)

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