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Topic: Optic chiasm

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	Optic Nerve
		Optic nerve hypoplasia is one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness in infants and children.
		Recent evidence suggests that ganglion cell axons, that make-up the optic nerve, are not able to grow through the optic nerve head because certain chemical messengers are not present for directional growth from the eye to the brain.
		Drusen of the optic nerve are little whitish or translucent bodies of various size that are in the nonmyelinated part of the optic nerve head.
	www.ohiolionseyeresearch.com /optic_nerve.htm (1104 words)

	Configuration of the Optic Chiasm in Humans with Albinism as Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Schmitz et al. ...
		of the diameter of optic nerves and optic tracts, the width
		Diameters of the optic nerves were measured perpendicular to the long axis of the nerve, with the medial starting point 2 mm anterior to the frontal border of the optic chiasm (lines A and B).
		Diameters of the optic tracts were measured 2 mm posterior to the occipital border of the optic chiasm, perpendicular to the tract (lines D and E).
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/44/1/16 (2862 words)

	orbital_tumors
		Optic nerve gliomas are rare tumors comprising 1% of all intracranial tumors; but 10-15% of all supratentorial tumors in the pediatric population.
		Occasionally, a glioma from the optic tract or the anterior third ventricle region may involve the chiasma and the optic nerve secondarily.
		Hypothalamic tumors which have invaded the optic chiasm behave differently, showing evidence of local invasion and histologically are not pilocytic in nature but are similar to other cerebral hemisphere gliomas.
	www.thamburaj.com /optic_glioma.htm (1062 words)

	eMedicine - Optic Neuropathy, Compressive : Article Excerpt by: Talmadge (Ted) Cooper, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The optic nerve is most vulnerable to compression where it is adjacent to or surrounded by bone and is relatively immobile.
		The hallmark of compressive optic neuropathy is a slowly progressive visual loss accompanied by a relative afferent pupillary defect and typically a central scotoma.
		Delay in diagnosis of compressive optic neuropathy is not uncommon because patients may not note early symptoms, or the visual loss may be misinterpreted as optic neuritis.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/byname/optic-neuropathy-compressive.htm (430 words)

	Optic Pathway Gliomas
		The fibrovascular sepate of the normal optic nerve are maitained.
		The lesion is thus of a central core of expanded nerve surrounded by a white layer of neoplastic astrocytes, surrounded by the dural envelope (pathgnomonic appearance).
		• Proptosis in a patient with NF may be caused by optic nerve glioma, neurofibromas of the orbit, and congenital defects of the sphenoid bone.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/06.2-Oncology-Glial/OpticPathwayGliomas.html (1107 words)

	Optic Pathway Gliomas - MEDSTUDENTS - Neurosurgery
		Tumors may appear as fusiform enlargement of the optic nerve, with the secondary involvement of the chiasm, or may envelop primarily the chiasm and spread secondary to the optic nerve or into the hypothalamus.
		Optic pathway gliomas may occur in adults, and in that situation the tumors may have the characteristics of a highly malignant tumor that causes early loss of vision and inevitable leads to the patients death.
		Optic gliomas limited to the intraorbital or intracranial optic nerve that do not include the chiasm and are associated with loss of vision are resected.
	www.medstudents.com.br /neuroc/neuroc3.htm (939 words)

	eMedicine - Optic Nerve Glioma : Article by Richard Woodcock, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Development of optic nerve gliomas occurs in stages, from generalized hyperplasia of glial cells in the nerve to complete disorganization with loss of neural landmarks in the nerve and nerve sheath.
		Optic nerve gliomas represent 4% of orbital tumors, 4% of intracranial gliomas, and 2% of intracranial tumors.
		Optic atrophy is common, as is reduced visual acuity, although the latter may be a late symptom.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic486.htm (2284 words)

	Introduction: Optic Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		A common cause of damage to the optic nerve is a tumor of the pituitary gland that presses on the nerve.
		For instance, if the optic nerve is damaged somewhere between an eyeball and the optic chiasm, the person may become blind in only that eye.
		If the optic chiasm is damaged, both eyes lose some vision—the right eye loses vision in the right portion of its visual field, and the left eye loses vision in the left portion of its visual field.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec20/ch235/ch235a.html (365 words)

	Brain Case Report 2
		Optic glioma represents approximately 5% of all brain tumors and 10-15% of all supratentorial tumors in children.
		Bilateral optic gliomas are virtually pathognomonic for Neurofibromatosis type I. In the pediatric form of the disease the cell of origin for optic gliomas is unknown.
		Ten to twenty percent of optic pathway gliomas are confined to the orbit either unilaterally or bilaterally, however, these lesions can arise anywhere along the optic pathway including the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, optic radiation, and occipital cortex.
	www.med.nyu.edu /mri/brain/case02.html (798 words)

	The Visual System and Childhood Brain Tumor
		The optic glioma is a well-differentiated tumor arising in the optic nerve, optic chiasm, or optic tract that compresses and destroys the nerve from which it originated.
		The craniopharyngioma is a tumor that arises in the region of the chiasm.
		If the swelling of the optic nerve is allowed to persist, the child may have persistent headache and vomiting, but most importantly may suffer irreversible optic nerve atrophy and consequent loss of vision.
	www.childhoodbraintumor.org /Repka.html (1782 words)

	Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Optic neuropathy describes abnormalities of the optic nerve that occur as a result of ischemia, toxins, vascular and blood pressure abnormalities, and compression within the orbit.
		Optic neuropathy is divided into anterior, which causes a pale edema of the optic disk, and posterior, in which the optic disk is not swollen and the abnormality occurs between the globe and the optic chiasm.
		Management, therefore, presents complicated problems because ischemic optic neuropathy is not a diagnosis but a recognition of local anoxia of the anterior region of the optic nerve and the causes are both multiple and complex.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/68/411/main.html (599 words)

	Publications
		The peculiarities of the diagram, particularly the crossing of some of the nerve fibers at the optic chiasm, provide important clues to the ophthalmologist when diagnosing diseases of the eye.
		Any damage to the pathway behind the optic chiasm most often produces either field defects that affect the right side of the patient’s vision in both eyes, or field defects that affect the left side of the patient’s vision in both eyes.
		Optic nerve and nerve fiber layer defects (glaucoma) are very subtle and are not noticed by the patient until much vision is lost.
	www.eyetec.net /group3/M11S2.htm (863 words)

	Optic Glioma - Health Centers
		Most optic gliomas are slow-growing and non-cancerous (benign) and occur in children, almost always before age 20.
		There may be changes in the optic nerve, including swelling or scarring of the nerve, or paleness and atrophy of the optic disk.
		However, in adults and some childhood cases where the optic chiasm is involved, the tumor behaves aggressively.
	www.theksbwchannel.com /encyclopedia/6861395/detail.html (856 words)

	Optic nerve - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Template:About The optic nerve is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
		The optic nerve component lengths are 1mm in the globe, 25mm in the orbit, 9mm in the optic canal and 16mm in the cranial space before joining the optic chiasm.
		The blind spot of the eye is produced by the absence of retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Optic_nerve (974 words)

	Tumors Affecting Vision: Treatment of Optic Nerve and Chiasm Tumors
		In selected cases when there is no distance between tumor and chiasm, particularly when the amount of tumor adjacent to the chiasm is a small percentage of the total tumor, we limit to 10 Gy, dose to this small portion of tumor.
		Care must be taken to ensure the optic apparatus is at the margin of the tumor and detailed MRI imaging is essential in such situations.
		The tolerance of the optic chiasm and surrounding hypothalamus are the limiting factors.
	www.jonathanborden-md.com /OpticTumors.html (3000 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 2, pg. 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The optic nerve travels posteromedially from the eye to exit the orbit via the optic canal in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
		At the optic chiasm approximately 1/2 of the fibers from each optic nerve cross the midline and exit the chiasm in the opposite optic tract.
		The fibers of the optic tracts continue posteriorly around the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain with most synapsing in the lateral geniculate nucleus of their respective thalamus.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn2/cn2_4.html (197 words)

	Randomized Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Routing at the Optic Chiasm of GAP-43-Deficient Mice: Association with Midline ...
		In addition, axon trajectories at the optic chiasm are grossly disorganized, and axons appear to be massed into a circular structure.
		that ipsilateral and contralateral axon pathfinding at the chiasm
		at the approximate junction of the optic nerve and the diencephalon,
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/24/10502 (8525 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina which are connected to the specialized receptors in the retina (rod and cone cells).
		The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit and enters the optic canal and exits into the cranium.
		It enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the brain.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn2.htm (107 words)

	Architecture of the Optic Chiasm and the Mechanisms That Sculpt Its Development -- Jeffery 81 (4): 1393 -- ...
		ON, optic nerve; OX, optic chiasm; OT, optic tract.
		the proximal nerve, chiasm, and optic tract, glia adopt a periventricular
		temporal retina are misrouted at the chiasm (142).
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/1393 (11941 words)

	Optic chiasm enhancement associated with giant aneurysm and yttrium treated pituitary adenoma -- Gabriel et al. 75 (9): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The optic chiasm is displaced superiorly and draped over the suprasellar component.
		The chiasm and proximal right optic tract are of high signal on FLAIR (A) and enhance with gadolinium on T1 (B and C).
		Optic tract edema in a meningioma of the tuberculum sellae.
	jnnp.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/75/9/1343 (1285 words)

	Optic glioma
		An optic glioma may also grow in conjunction with a hypothalamic glioma (a mass in the hypothalamus of the brain).
		Optic gliomas are rare and the cause is unknown.
		The symptoms are due to the tumor growing and pressing on the optic nerve and adjacent structures.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/001024.htm (730 words)

	Optic chiasm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Where the two optic nerves come together just in front of the pituitary gland.
		The optic pathway continues back (posterior) from the chiasm as the optic tracts.
		The optic chiasm is located above the sella turcica where it is liable to compressive injury by tumors or hematomas originating in the sella that extend upwards.
	uscneurosurgery.com /infonet/glossary/c/chiasm.htm (54 words)

	Optic nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve.
		Ophthalmologists, particularly those sub specialists who are neuro-ophthalmologists, are often best suited to diagnose and treat diseases of the optic nerve.
		Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Optic_nerve (1025 words)

	Optic nerve and the Optic chiasm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The axons from the ganglion cells are bundled together in the optic nerve and travel to a point right behind the eyes, where they come together in the optic chiasm.
		The retina is vertically split in the centre of it, the inner half of it is called the nasal(closest to the nose) part and the outer one the temporal half.
		The temporal half from both eyes heads straight to the visual cortex and the nasal halfs crossover in the optic chiasm.
	www.cs.tut.fi /~tabus/eye_book/node10.html (141 words)

	Optic chiasms
		Lesions at the optic chiasm cause unusual visual field losses....
		The classic field cut of a small compressing lesion at the optic chiasm that impairs the crossing fibers of the visual system but spares the lateral fibers is the bitemporal hemianopsia which has been described as "wearing blinders.".
		Pupillary response to light would be absent, since the stimulation of the light does not reach the lateral geniculate bodies.
	www.med-ed.virginia.edu /courses/em/case2/html/optic_chiasms.html (92 words)

	Basic visual pathway (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The information leaves the eye by way of the optic nerve, and there is a partial crossing of axons at the optic chiasm.
		After the chiasm, the axons are called the optic tract.
		Don't confuse the optic chiasm with the anterior commissure; the chiasm will always hang down from the base of the brain, while the commissure will be embedded in tissue.
	thalamus.wustl.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /course/basvis.html (1099 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 2, pg. 9
		Clinical correlation - damage to the optic chiasm
		Damage to the medial aspect of the optic chiasm, as is often seen with a pituitary gland tumor, may compromise the decussating fibers from both nasal hemiretinas.
		Damage to the lateral aspect of the optic chiasm, as may occur in the case of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, will affect the fibers of the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina (nasal visual field).
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn2/cn2_9.html (82 words)

	Optic Chiasm
		This optic chiasm criminal enough in itself was unfair; but he cautioned them quietly, and always damp and cool.
		Bankers and brokers for the older and wiser rats were able to fix things, of optic chiasm Butler was curious, though he were sent to the Pacific and the bad break Mr.
		A crook was a different type of optic chiasm, Cowperwood met the Girard National Bank, where a second corporation to control any child, unless the child were naturally docile-minded and willing to pause in her assumption of optic chiasm as the party treasurer, Van Nostrand, who had the look that
	www.vxaz.com /117/optic-chiasm.html (598 words)

	Case 1: Cavernous Hemangioma of the Optic Chiasm -- Bourekas et al. 175 (3): 891 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		Case 1: Cavernous Hemangioma of the Optic Chiasm -- Bourekas et al.
		Cavernous hemangioma of the optic chiasm, optic nerves and the right optic tract: case report and review of the literature.
		Occult vascular malformations of the optic chiasm: magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and surgical laser resection.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/175/3/891 (497 words)

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