Optical density - Factbites

Optical density - Factbites
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Topic: Optical density

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	Optical density - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Optical density is the absorbance of an optical element for a given wavelengthλ per unit distance:
		Optical density times 10 is equals to a transmission loss rate expressed in decibels per cm, e.g.
		Sometimes the phrase 'optical density' is also used to describe a material's refractive index, see refractive index.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Optical_density (173 words)

	Mean Optical Density
		900.2(ee) Mean optical density means the average of the optical densities measured using phantom thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 centimeters with values of kilovolt peak (kVp) clinically appropriate for those thicknesses.
	www.fda.gov /CDRH/MAMMOGRAPHY/robohelp/mean_optical_density.htm (32 words)

	MVS Solutions - Optical shutter device
		It is preferred that this optical density of the optical shutter is 3.0 or greater across all the wavelengths of the visible region.
		In one embodiment, the optical density at all wavelengths over the range of 400 to 700 nm is greater than 2.0 when the photon flux intensity in the visible region is greater than 1 MW /cm.sup.2 while the visible luminous transmission is about 10% or more in the absence of laser radiation.
		Optical materials which rely upon electronic transitions in their use in applications for optical shutters are generally able to operate in the extremely fast time periods of a nanosecond or less due to the nature of their electronic transitions.
	www.mvssolutions.com /CSI-6172795.html (6887 words)

	Optical density scanning head - Patent 4239393
		Optical densitometers are well known in the graphic arts and are generally used to determine the optical density of a color swatch or an area of a sheet of material which is characterized by one of the basic colors cyan, magenta, or yellow.
		The amount of absorption depends on the optical density of the swatch color which in turn is related to the thickness of the ink.
		Accordingly, the present densitometer head provides input signals to a logic system which indicates that the color swatch which is being scanned is of cyan color and has an optical density whose value is proportional to the amplitude of the signal on line 39.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4239393.html (2113 words)

	Canyon Materials, Inc. - LDW Glass
		The optical density at the wavelength of optical lithographic exposure tool, e.g., 436 nm (G line of mercury arc) is 1.4, 2.4 and 3.0 for type I, type II and type III plates respectively.
		The increased optical density values from type I to type II to type III plates are due to an increased thickness of the colored glass layer.
		The optical density of type II plates exceeds 3.0 in the spectral range of 570 nm to 805 nm.
	www.canyonmaterials.com /ldw_3.html (762 words)

	Superpressure's Smoke Density Chamber Detail
		Optical density is the single measurement most characteristic of a "quantity of smoke" with regard to visual obscuration.
		The increase of optical density which occurs with the generation of smoke is indicated on the photometer and may be recorded on a recorder or computer.
		As smoking occurs, the collimated light is attenuated and read-out to an optical density of 6 is obtained by means of the solid state photomultiplier photometer.
	www.newport-scientific.com /SmokeDetail.htm (1399 words)

	The Physics Classroom
		The optical density of a material relates to the sluggish tendency of the atoms of a material to maintain the absorbed energy of an electromagnetic wave in the form of vibrating electrons before reemitting it as a new electromagnetic disturbance.
		The optical density of a medium is not the same as its physical density.
		One indicator of the optical density of a material is the
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/refrn/U14L1d.html (744 words)

	Optical density
		The integral optical density is frequently used as a measure of the amount of the matter contained within the object.
		The optical density determines the relative amount of matter in a material by measuring the amount of light that passes through it.
		The average background intensity is established during the Background correction procedure that should be performed prior to the optical density measurements.
	www.imagewarp.com /help/optdavrg.htm (279 words)

	Apparatus for measuring optical density with stray light compensation - Patent 4047819
		Apparatus for measuring the optical density of a sample includes a dual beam spectrophotometer producing sample and reference signals which are compared with the discharge curve of a resistive-capacitive circuit to provide start-stop signals, the time interval between the two signals being indicative of optical density.
		It is an object of the present invention to provide apparatus for measuring the optical density of a sample which provides a direct analog output signal directly proportional to optical density, while maintaining the circuit simplicity of the overall apparatus.
		Capacitor C is shunted by an optical density slope control potentiometer 57 which serves as the discharge resistor of the RC circuit.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4047819.html (2051 words)

	optical density on Encyclopedia.com
		Plasmon`s UDO Developer Conference is an overwhelming success; Ultra Density Optical forum signals arrival of new archive storage technology.
		Ecma publishes new UDO media format standard; Ecma Standard 350 specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of first generation 30GB UDO (Ultra Density Optical) media.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-opticden.asp (278 words)

	Professional Animal Scientist: Case study: Use of optical density of mammary secretions to predict parturition in mares
		Although the optical density of pre-foaling mammary secretions is highly variable between individual mares, we conclude that it is a reliable method to estimate parturition of mares by determining when a mare is not likely to foal.
		Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine 1) if the optical density of pre-foaling mammary secretions is an acceptable method to predict parturition and 2) if a commercially available device (534 B Mod 1 Densimeter; Animal Reproduction Systems, Chino, CA) is a suitable instrument for measuring optical density of pre-foaling mammary secretions.
		To our knowledge, this is the first report to consider optical density of pre-foaling mammary secretions as a method to predict foaling.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4035/is_200212/ai_n9157367 (1417 words)

	Glossary
		Density, optical (reflection density) The light absorbing property of a material, expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the reflectance flavor (i.e., higher density indicates more light is absorbed or a darker surface).
		Optical disk A high density storage device that uses a laser to burn a pattern of holes into a tellurium film on the disk surface.
		Density, optical (transmission) The light absorbing property of a material, expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of transmittance (i.e., higher density indicates more light is absorbed).
	www.mackayiso.com /finals/glossary.html (5118 words)

	Optical disc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The information on an optical disc is stored sequentially on a continuous spiral track from the innermost track to the outermost track.
		In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is flat, circular, usually polycarbonate disc whereon data is stored.
		Parallel, and probably inspired by the developments in the US, a small group of physicists started their first optical videodisc experiments at Philips Research in Eindhoven, The Netherlands in 1969.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Optical_disc (311 words)

	Optical Density
		Optical density, also known as Dynamic Range, is the scanner's ability to "see" all tones available.
		High end drum scanners (typically limited to commercial ownership and use due to their high cost) have an Optical Density upwards of 3.8 to 4.0 which represents about 95% to 100% of the original source's tonal range.
		In summary, Optical Density represents how much of the original's (scanned source) total tonal information is represented by the scanner.
	members.aol.com /modernimaging/mi/optical_density.htm (251 words)

	Plasmon News - Plasmon Announces Support for Next Generation 5.25-inch Ultra Density Optical Drive Roadmap
		Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 6, 2000 Plasmon today announced plans to support Sony Corporation’s next generation high-capacity, high-performance Ultra Density Optical (UDO) drive/media technology within its optical storage automation products, with product availability in 2002.
		Optical data storage is the platform of choice for many storage applications where near-line archives of terabytes of data need to be accessed quickly.
		Some 120,000 5.25 inch optical drives and 10,000 jukebox systems were shipped in 1999, with increases in revenue and capacities forecast over the coming years.
	www.plasmon.com /news/5roadmap.html (748 words)

	Jackson's Electronics Research Group
		Resistivity extracted from through-film resistance measurements and single-number optical density as a function of material composition at 50% and 80% relative hydrogen flow rate.
		Resistivity extracted from sheet-resistance measurements and single-number optical density of films deposited from a composite target as a function of relative hydrogen flow rate.
		Resistivity extracted from sheet-resistance measurements and single-number optical density as a function of material composition at 50% and 80% relative hydrogen flow rate.
	jerg.ee.psu.edu /Publications/1997/Klauk-1997-1 (2731 words)

	AIMCAL-Technical Q&A
		The optical density test method is preferred in the industry, because in the past (and still today, I believe) the method for O.D. is faster and cheaper than the surface resistivity (SR) test.
		The optical density test method is preferred in the industry.
		I have also read that there is a correlation between optical density and the resistance, but my correlation is only 0.5.
	www.aimcal.org /technical/answers.asp?ParentID=25 (454 words)

	Optical Data Storage 2000 General Program
		The contributions to noises in optical disk readout caused by the surface roughness on the disk are calculated using a full vector diffraction theory.
		Optical disk readout based on direct optical feedback to a semiconductor laser is studied via simulations.
		The reflectivity of an amorphous mark on a first-surface phase-change optical storage disk is shown to vary with the initial crystallization of the GST layer.
	www.colossalstorage.net /odprogrm.htm (3592 words)

	Optical Density
		The thicker the specimen, the greater the optical density and the less its transparency.
		---------------------------- Ng Chieng M. Optical density can be changed by causing the radiation to pass through increasing thicknesses of the material in question.
		I understand that light travels within a material by being absorbed by the atom/molecule and then re-emitted and then travels through space to until it collides with the next particle.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy00/phy00283.htm (483 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization
		If, however, differences in the optical density step gradients are not small or are not measured, then the method 200 provides for adjusting 212 optical density values on the calibration films that are processed subsequent to the first-processed calibration film.
		For example, the method 100 may be able to adjust the optical density-dose relationship of film processed with a first film processor to later films made with a second film processor.
		During preparation of test films, which are part of a QA procedure or patient treatment plan, the method provides for exposing a non-irradiated portion of the test film (or films) to light from the array of standardized light sources to obtain a second optical density step gradient.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/52622.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4164 words)

	Macular Pigment and Melanin in Age-Related Maculopathy in a General Population -- Berendschot et al. 43 (6): 1928 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
		We found MP optical density to be the same in men and women.
		the melanin optical density is the sum of the RPE and choroidal
		optical density (at 500 nm) was 1.20 ± 0.21 in men and
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/43/6/1928 (4005 words)

	Absorptive Neutral Density Filters from Andover Corporation
		Neutral density filters are categorized by their optical density (D) which is defined as the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the transmitted radiant power (T):
		Since the glass absorbs the light within the substrate, the optical density is very dependent upon the thickness of the substrate.
		Absorptive type neutral density filters attain their density by absorbing light within the substrate, whereas the metallic type attain their density by both reflection and absorption.
	www.andovercorp.com /web_store/Absorption_ND/absorption_nd.html (212 words)

	Solar Filters
		Lighter density, 1/100th of 1% (Optical Density 4) for maintaining fast shutter speeds when using "slow" fine grain films.
		Transmission is 1/1,000th of 1% (Optical Density 5).
		The solar image is not darker with reduced aperture as we allow for this in the coating density.
	www.thousandoaksoptical.com /solar.html (635 words)

	Sharp doubles optical storage density (July 2005) - News - optics.org
		The Japanese electronics firm will unveil a 100GB dual-layer “super-resolution” optical disc at a conference on optical storage and memory (ISOM/ODS 2005) which is taking place in Hawaii this week.
		Although the laser beam illuminates several marks simultaneously, heating-induced differences in the film’s optical transmission allow a distinction between the pits and bumps.
		This means that it is possible to identify data marks that are smaller than the footprint of the laser beam, leading the way to higher density storage.
	optics.org /articles/news/11/7/8/1?rss=2.0 (350 words)

	McNab - Optical Density Meter for Control
		McNab, Incorporated announces an electronic optical density monitor and controller for process control.
		The optical sensors measure turbidity or clarity of the process across the pipe.
		The McNab Model HSA 1 uses optical sensors and a solid-state indicator controller.
	www.themcnab.com /Press_Release/A88-42c_optical_density_meter_for_control.htm (214 words)

	Growth of Bacterial Populations
		The turbidity or optical density of a suspension of cells is directly related to cell mass or cell number, after construction and calibration of a standard curve.
		Continuous culture, in a device called a chemostat, can be used to maintain a bacterial population at a constant density, a situation that is, in many ways, more similar to bacterial growth in natural environments.
		Bacterial cultures can be maintained in a state of exponential growth over long periods of time using a system of continuous culture (Figure 4), designed to relieve the conditions that stop exponential growth in batch cultures.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /growth.html (2317 words)

	DBA Scanner Information
		On the film, the optical density of each of the 21 wedges was measured as well as that of the film background.
		Since the scanner has a logrithmic response, it may be useful to plot the logarithm of the mean grey levels versus the measured optical density.
		Example: Using Equation 1, A grey level of 1217 maps to an optical density of 1.60045.
	marathon.csee.usf.edu /Mammography/DDSM/calibrate/DBA_Scanner_info.html (318 words)

	optical density
		Higher refractive index corresponds to higher optical density.
		is: a property which ranks transparent optical media in terms of refractive index.
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~ggaspar/physics/glossary/glossary/oo/optcdens.htm (21 words)

	Technical Report 98-007: 16-bit Quantitative Optical Densitometry with the Leaf Scanner and AIS: Creating 16-Bit Optical Density Calibration Files with AIS
		It is where the actual optical density values of the standard image should be entered.
		Go to the image window on the right and center the square mouse pointer on the area of the image corresponding to the first optical density value on the table at the left.
		There should now be a list of the calibration values from Step 10 on the left of the screen, a window with the optical density standard image on the right of the screen, and a window titled Sample at the bottom left of the screen.
	www.itg.uiuc.edu /publications/techreports/98-007/creating.htm (704 words)

	DVD - Open Encyclopedia
		During the early 1990s there were two high density optical storage standards in development; one was the Multimedia Compact Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Disc (SD), supported by 8 major consumer electronics giants, including Toshiba and Time-Warner.
		DVD is an optical disc storage media format that is used for playback of movies with high video and sound quality and for storing data.
		IBM led an effort to unite the various companies behind a single standard, anticipating a repeat of the costly format war between VHS and Betamax in the 1980s.
	open-encyclopedia.com /DVD (2560 words)

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