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Topic: Optic disc

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	North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society-Committees
		Optic disc drusen are abnormal deposits of protein-like material in the optic disc – the front part of the optic nerve.
		Optic disc drusen are usually not visible at birth and are rarely found in infants and children.
		The elevation of the optic disc with drusen may be mistaken for papilledema, which is swelling of the optic nerve from high pressure in the brain.
	www.nanosweb.org /patient_info/brochures/drusen.asp (909 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - OPTIC DISC EDEMA & PAPILLEDEMA
		In cases of optic neuropathy due to inflammation, infiltration, ischemia or demyelinization, visual acuity is often significantly diminished.
		Optic disc edema results primarily because of axoplasmic stasis, or slowed cellular conduction along the nerve.
		Malinserted discs, congenitally full discs (seen often in hypermetropes), or especially buried drusen may sometimes be mistaken for optic disc edema, even though all are non-pathological conditions.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/sect6b.htm (848 words)

	Optic Nerve Diseases for medical students and primary care physicians
		Hypoplasia of the optic disc is a " smaller " disc that carries fewer axons than normal and may be associated with poor visual acuity, field defect, strabismus.....Maternal diabetes and intake of substances during the first trimester like alcohol, steroids and insulin are associated factors.
		Myopic discs are larger and surrounded by a white crescent of bare sclera.
		Drusens : are yellow opalescent hyaline excrescences derived from calcified axonal debris present on the surface of the disc or burried in it.
	www.eyeweb.org /optic_nerve.htm (540 words)

	Kabat Disc
		Optic disc colobomas are often quite dramatic in appearance and once were considered to be mutilations of the disc.
		The superior aspect of the disc appears to be in the superior nasal aspect of the disc because the inferior nasal aspect of the disc has been hollowed out due to incomplete closure of the embryonic ocular fissure at six-week gestation.
		The appearance is of an elevated nasal aspect of the disc with a depressed, or seemingly buried, temporal aspect of the disc.
	www.opt.pacificu.edu /ce/catalog/COPE7536/KabatDisc.html (4302 words)

	Optic atrophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Optic atrophy may also be referred to as optic nerve head pallor because of the pale appearance of the optic nerve head as seen at the back of the eye.
		Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve.
		A disturbance of the nerves, not caused by an inflammation.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/optic_atrophy.jsp (1227 words)

	Optic Nerve - Eye anatomy
		The optic nerve transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain.
		When examining the back of the eye, a portion of the optic nerve called the optic disc can be seen.
		The retina's sensory receptor cells of retina are absent from the optic nerve.
	www.stlukeseye.com /anatomy/OpticNerve.asp (89 words)

	Neuro-opthalmology Lecture - Digre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The diameter of the optic nerve is 1.62mm.
		Optic disc hypoplasia and is seen with particular frequency in children of diabetic mothers (may be familial) with maternal drug use (alcohol, phenytoin, quinine, LSD, PCP), and with maternal infections (e.g.
		Optic nerve hypoplasia is frequently associated with systemic conditions--some of them serious-- CNS abnormalities like hypopituitarism, agenesis of the septum pellucidum, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, head/face anomalies, deafness, chondrodysplasia, heart disease and trisomy 18.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /neuronet/no/digre2.html (3145 words)

	Optometric Management
		A compelling case report that demonstrates the value of the careful use of these current technologies is one of optic disc drusen in a 55-year-old white female, who recently presented for her annual comprehensive eye and vision examination.
		The right disc revealed cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio of 0.25H/0.2V, with minimal cup depth and clear neuroretinal rim tissue; an isolated ODD was visually noted deep in the optic disc tissue at the five o'clock position.
		In the optic nerve head analysis for the left eye, I noted a substantial optic disc drusen-related elevation in each meridian of the optic nerve scan.
	www.optometric.com /article.aspx?article=71178 (1428 words)

	Stoebner
		Optic neuritis is found clinically at some time in 75% of patients with MS and is one of the presenting signs of MS in about 35% of cases.
		Optic neuritis is characterized by an acute loss of vision, often associated with retrobulbar pain with eye movement.
		Optic nerve sheath decompression is the second form of surgery used in the management of patients with severe vision loss from papilledema(ibid).
	www.opt.pacificu.edu /ce/catalog/web016/course.htm (4066 words)

	optic-coloboma.html
		Coloboma involving the optic disc, sclerocornea, persistent pupillary membrane, hypoplasia of iris stroma, and Dandy-Walker syndrome were thought to be caused by the abnormal development of neural crest cells.
		AB: Several congenital anomalies of the optic disc are associated with serous detachment of the macula or retinal detachment.
		Optic nerve hypoplasia and colobomas of the optic disc are the main visually significant disorders; however, the Morning Glory disc anomaly and Aicardi's syndrome may also be associated with visual impairment.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/optic-coloboma.html (8213 words)

	eMedicine - Optic Neuropathy, Anterior Ischemic : Article by Brian R Younge, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is characterized by visual loss associated with optic disc swelling of a pallid nature, sometimes with flame hemorrhages on the swollen disc or nearby neuroretinal layer, and sometimes with nearby cotton-wool exudates.
		Initially, the optic disc is swollen and pale, often in a generalized or diffuse manner.
		The posterior ciliary arteries feed the optic nerve head, and, despite variable results in animal primate models with ligation of the posterior ciliary arteries, their susceptibility to atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in a widespread manner seems to be the underlying cause.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic161.htm (3873 words)

	Review of Ophthalmology
		The scale is based on the appearance of the neural retinal rim of the optic disc, corrected for the disc diameter, and also focuses on the width of the neural retinal rim and the extent of the absence of rim tissue.
		The disc hemorrhages often appear as either splinter- or flame-shaped hemorrhages at the edges of the optic disc.
		Assessment of the optic nerve head’s color is crucial in determining the etiology of the optic neuropathy.
	www.revophth.com /index.asp?page=1_737.htm (2096 words)

	Retinal ganglion cell-derived sonic hedgehog signaling is required for optic disc and stalk neuroepithelial cell ...
		gene expression in the retina, optic disc and nerve.
		or faulty closure of the optic fissure, as observed in the inherited optic
		Optic cups of E12 (A-C) and E14 (D-H) C57BL/6 embryos were cultured for 48 hours, untreated (A,E) or treated with recombinant Shh-N (B,D,F,H) or the anti-Shh antibody 5E1 (C,G), and sectioned for in situ hybridization for Pax2 (A-G) and Gli (H) expression.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/13/2967 (8532 words)

	eMedicine - Pseudopapilledema : Article by Joseph Giovannini, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Disc drusen are composed of small conglomerates of mucopolysaccharides and proteinaceous material that become calcified with advancing age.
		A tilted disc results from an optic nerve that enters the eye at a sharply oblique angle; it usually has a characteristic appearance of a prominently elevated nasal aspect with a poorly defined or sunken temporal aspect.
		In pseudopapilledema, the disc is yellow, the cup may be small or absent, venous congestion is not present, spontaneous venous pulsations are often present, congenitally anomalous vessels may be seen, and the disc abnormality may be familial.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic615.htm (1480 words)

	Optic disc drusen - Eye Care Forum
		My opthalmologist said that I have optic disk drusen on both eyes, slightly worse on the right one.
		Can you explain to me what optic disc drusen are, the risk of tumors and if this could cause blindness?
		I am concerned because she is sending me to a specialist so I'm thinking it must be bad.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/EyeCare/messages/1450.html (206 words)

	Ophthalmology Management
		Although most of these differences can be explained by variation in optic disc area, adjusted analysis found that some were independent of this factor.
		When data were adjusted for differences in the reference plane and the disc area with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT II), the African-American participants had significantly deeper optic disc cup measurements than the white participants did.
		An evaluation of optic disc and nerve fiber layer examinations in monitoring progression of early glaucoma damage.
	www.ophmanagement.com /article.aspx?article=86390 (860 words)

	Optic Disc Imaging in Conscious Rats and Mice -- Cohan et al. 44 (1): 160 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual ...
		Optic Disc Imaging in Conscious Rats and Mice -- Cohan et al.
		Figure 2A is an image of the optic disc of a conscious Brown
		Images of optic discs of conscious rodents from digital originals obtained with a modified Goldmann-type fundus contact lens and a photo slit lamp at identical settings: (A) Brown Norway rat, (B) CS7 Black mouse.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/44/1/160 (2871 words)

	Optic disc definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Optic disc definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Optic disc: The circular area in the back of the inside of the eye where the optic nerve connects to the retina.
		MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10620 (81 words)

	Optic disc duplication or coloboma? -- Islam et al. 89 (1): 26 -- British Journal of Ophthalmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Eleven lesions simulating duplication of the optic disc are
		disc, in vivo, has yet to be documented by MRI or CT neuroimaging.
		OCT imaging showing (A) relatively undisturbed retinal nerve fibre layer (between two white arrows) passing over colobomatous defect and (B) inferior position of coloboma to true optic disc.
	www.arabmedmag.com /issue-28-02-2005/ophtalmology/main02.htm (641 words)

	Physicians & Students/ Papilledema
		It is useful to characterize the changes in the optic nerve head that occur in papilledema as being mechanical or vascular in nature.
		The optic disc appears dirty gray and blurred, secondary to gliosis
		Papilledema may produce visual blurring because of enlargement of the blind spot and adjacent retinal folds or edema; the blurring usually is reversible.
	www.eyeweb.org /papilledema.htm (263 words)

	Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging
		Parul Sony, MD; Viney Gupta, MD Doubling of the optic disc is a rare clinical entity.
		A half disc diameter (DD) pale excavation was present 1 DD inferotemporal to the optic disc (Fig.
		The right eye was microphthalmic, with an inferonasal iris coloboma, a large chorioretinal coloboma involving the macula, and visual acuity of counting fingers close to the face.
	www.osli.com /showAbst.asp?thing=9271 (188 words)

	Congenital
		Sever hypoplasia of the optic disc is often associated with a visual defect
		Patients with dominant optic atrophy have the insidious onset of mildly progressive loss of visual acuity, usually beginning before 10 years of age.
		Visual loss is bilateral but may be asymmetric, The characteristic field defect is a cecocentral scotoma.May simulate a bitemporal hemianopia,, Dyschromatopsia is the characteristic color defect in dominant optic disc atrophy.
	www.yemenweb.com /algorafi/new_page_1.htm (219 words)

	New Page 2
		Describe the location, size and color of the optic disc.
		optic disc is medial to fovea and at slightly higher level
		When the optic cup is wider and deeper than normal, it is considered abnormal.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/pdself/fundus.htm (388 words)

	Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Optic Disc Swelling: Comparison with CSLO in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- ...
		Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Optic Disc Swelling: Comparison with CSLO in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- Tamburrelli et al.
		The HRT was used to analyze the optic disc in a three-dimensional manner,
		Janknecht, P, Funk, J. (1994) Optic nerve head analyser and Heidelberg retina tomograph: accuracy and reproducibility of topographic measurements in a model eye and in volunteers Br J Ophthalmol 78,760-768
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/41/10/2960 (4556 words)

	The Swollen Optic Disc with an Emphasis on the Pediatric Patient Sheerlee Eilam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The decision to determine whether a swollen disc is caused by a vision or life- threatening condition, or if the disc appearance is physiological is an important clinical responsibility.
		The differential diagnoses of blurred optic discs are reviewed, with emphasis on the most common pediatric etiologies, and the manifestations and prognostic implications.
		When making a differential diagnosis of blurred disc border(s), the doctor should consider several factors such as history, optic nerve head and fundus appearance, age, symptoms, and results of in-office optometric tests.
	www.oep.org /Eilam14-2.htm (188 words)

	Optic disc
		The optic disc is the point inside the eye where the nerve that leads from the eye to the brain (optic nerve) leaves the eye.
		The inner part of the optic disc is a depression called the optic cup.
		As a result, the size of the optic cup appears larger.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/sto167603.asp (109 words)

	Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The One Small Voice Foundation was created to raise money for optic nerve research.
		Borchert and his team are currently researching the cause of optic nerve hypoplasia and other optic nerve disorders.
		- Optic Nerve Head Hypoplasia Other Photos in Congenitally Anomalous Discs Congenitally full disc Optic disc drusen Optic disc coloboma Optic disc pit Optic nerve head hypoplasia Glial veil Myelinated (medullated) nerve fibers - 1 Myelinated...
	www.lowvision.org /optic_nerve_hypoplasia.htm (186 words)

	Discussion Forums - Neuroophthalmology - Re: optic disc shunt vessels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Discussion Forums - Neuroophthalmology - Re: optic disc shunt vessels
		Posted by: Keith A Skolnick On: 4/27/03 9:24 PM Subject: Re: optic disc shunt vessels
		disc photos will be processed in about a month.
	www.eyetowncenter.com /eyetc/3.92/0.1/0.22/0.3208/0.1/forums.htm (59 words)

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